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Abstrak :
Meningkatnya prevalensi hipertensi di Indonesia mempengaruhi jumlah penggunaan obat antihipertensi, serta masih banyak penderita hipertensi yang belum mendapatkan pengobatan yang efektif dan rasional membuat evaluasi penggunaan obat antihipertensi pada pasien hipertensi penting untuk dilakukan. Penggunaan obat antihipertensi harus mengikuti acuan yang berlaku di Indonesia yaitu Formularium Nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan obat antihipertensi. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional dan bersifat deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari resep dan rekam medis dengan metode retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 2814 resep. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, hipertensi lebih banyak terjadi pada perempuan 65,79, kelompok usia 45-64 51,78, dan pasien Non BPJS 68,68. Jumlah total penggunaan obat antihipertensi sebesar 38972,03 DDD dengan peringkat tiga besar obat antihipertensi dengan penggunaan terbanyak diantaranya adalah amlodipin 24812,97 DDD, 1,4096 DDD/1000 pasien/hari, dan 0,7698 DDD/1000 penduduk/hari , valsartan 5397,22 DDD, 0,3066 DDD/1000 pasien/hari, dan 0,1674 DDD/1000 penduduk/hari, dan kaptopril 4979,64 DDD, 0,2829 DDD/1000 pasien/hari, dan 0,1545 DDD/1000 penduduk/hari. Kesesuaian penggunaan obat antihipertensi di RSUD Jagakarsa pada tahun 2017 dengan Formularium Nasional adalah 100. Penggunaan obat antihipertensi telah sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional, sehingga penggunaan obat antihipertensi yang efektif diharapkan dapat tercapai.

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Increasing prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia affecting the amount of antihypertensive use, and there were still many hypertensive patients who did not receive effective and rational treatment made it necessary to evaluate the use of antihypertensive. The uses of drugs in health facilities must comply with national reference, namely the National Formulary. This study was conducted to evaluate the use of antihypertensive in hypertensive patients. The research design was cross sectional and descriptive. Data used were secondary data from prescriptions and medical records by retrospective method. Sampling was done in total sampling, with total samples of 2814 prescriptions. The results showed that 65,79 of hypertension outpatients were females, 51,78 were 44 to 64 years old, and 68,68 did not follow the BPJS Program. The total use of antihypertensive was 38972,03 DDD and the three most widely used antihypertensives were amlodipine 24812,97 DDD, 1,4096 DDD 1000 patients day, and 0,7698 DDD 1000 inhabitants day, valsartan 5397,22 DDD, 0,3066 DDD 1000 patients day, and 0,1674 DDD 1000 inhabitants day, and captopril 4979,64 DDD, 0,2829 DDD 1000 patients day, and 0,1545 DDD 1000 inhabitants day. The use of antihypertensive was 100 appropriate according to National Formulary. The use of antihypertensive was appropriate according to National Formulary, therefore effective use of antihypertensive is expected to be achieved.

Abstrak :
Hipertensi adalah salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tertinggi di Indonesia yaitu 34,1% kasus. Sebagai faktor risiko penyakit lain, pasien hipertensi biasanya mengalami komplikasi dan membutuhkan terapi tambahan yang dapat menyebabkan polifarmasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis masalah terkait obat pada pasien rawat inap dengan hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Distrik Koja dari Februari-April 2019 berdasarkan PCNE V6.2. Penelitian ini adalah studi cross-sectional berdasarkan resep lengkap, rekam medis, dan kartu indeks yang dapat dibaca dari pasien yang menggunakan obat antihipertensi dan dirawat di rumah sakit di Rumah Sakit Distrik Koja dari Februari - April 2019. Analisis ini dilakukan untuk 90 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria. Dari penelitian ini, ada 148 masalah terkait obat yang diidentifikasi, terdiri dari masalah dengan efektivitas pengobatan (66,21%) dan reaksi obat yang merugikan (33,78%) dengan reaksi obat yang tidak alergi sebagai subdomain dengan prevalensi tertinggi (31), 75%) dan penyebab masalah terkait narkoba yang sebagian besar terjadi adalah kombinasi obat yang tidak tepat, atau obat-obatan dan makanan (48,51%). Dari penelitian ini, diketahui bahwa masalah dengan efektivitas pengobatan adalah masalah terkait obat yang paling banyak terjadi.

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Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases with the highest prevalence in Indonesia, which is 34.1% of cases. As a risk factor for other diseases, hypertensive patients usually experience complications and require additional therapy that can cause polypharmacy. The purpose of this study was to analyze drug-related problems in hospitalized patients with hypertension at the Koja District Hospital from February to April 2019 based on PCNE V6.2. This study is a cross-sectional study based on complete prescriptions, medical records, and index cards that can be read from patients who use antihypertensive drugs and are hospitalized in the Koja District Hospital from February to April 2019. This analysis was carried out for 90 patients who met criteria. From this study, there were 148 drug-related problems identified, consisting of problems with treatment effectiveness (66.21%) and adverse drug reactions (33.78%) with non-allergic drug reactions as subdomains with the highest prevalence (31), 75%) and the most common cause of drug related problems is an improper combination of drugs, or drugs and food (48.51%). From this research, it is known that the problem with the effectiveness of treatment is the most drug-related problems.

Abstrak :
Buah oyong (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) merupakan tanaman yang secara empiris memiliki efek diuretik, sehingga diduga memiliki efek antihipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antihipertensi dari ekstrak etanol 70% buah oyong pada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi larutan NaCl. Tiga puluh ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley dibagi dalam enam kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol induksi, kontrol Tensigard®, dan tiga kelompok dosis ekstrak buah oyong. Induksi larutan NaCl (3,75g/kg bb) diberikan pada setiap kelompok perlakuan, kecuali kelompok kontrol normal, secara per oral selama 14 hari. Pada hari ke-15 dilanjutkan pemberian sediaan uji berupa larutan CMC 0,5% (kontrol normal dan induksi), Tensigard®, dan ekstrak buah oyong dengan dosis 274,5; 411,75; dan 617,62 mg/200g bb hingga hari ke-28. Pengukuran tekanan darah sistol, diastol, dan arteri rata-rata dilakukan pada hari ke-14, 21, 24, dan 28 menggunakan alat pengukur tekanan darah non-invasif CODA®. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran volume urin 24 jam untuk melihat efek diuretik. Hasil analisis pengukuran tekanan darah menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 70% buah oyong dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistol, diastol, dan darah rata-rata secara bermakna pada hari ke-24 pengujian, namun hasil analisis pengukuran volume urin 24 jam tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antar kelompok.

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Gourd fruit (Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.) is the crop that empirically has diuretic effect, so it might be had antihypertensive effect. This research aimed to know the antihypertensive effect of 70% ethanol extract of ridged gourd fruit in sodium chloride induced white male rats. Thirty male rats strain Sprague-Dawley were divided into six groups of 5 animals each were used and administered orally with CMC liquid 0,5% (normal control), NaCl liquid 3,75 g/kg bw (induced control), Tensigard ® (Tensigard® control), and three groups of gourd fruit extract. Sodium chloride liquid as inducer was administered orally for 14 days, then continued by giving the gourd fruit extract (274,5; 411,75; and 617,62 mg/200g bw), Tensigard®, and CMC 0,5%. The blood pressure (systole, diastole, and arterial blood pressure) was measured on the day 14th, 21st, 24th, and 28th using CODA® non-invasive blood pressure. After that, the research was followed by measurement of the urine volume in 24 hours to know the diuretic effect. Result from analysis of blood pressure data showed that the 70% ethanol extract of gourd fruit could significantly reduce blood pressure (systole, diastole, and average blood pressure) on hypertensive rats in days 24th, however result of the analysis urine volume in 24 hours did not show significant difference inter-group.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang : Hipertensi merupakan faktor resiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular, terutama sindrom koroner akut dan stroke. Peningkatan konsumsi garam berhubungan dengan kenaikan tekanan darah. Beberapa studi randomized-controlled trial (RCT) menyatakan bahwa konsumsi rendah garam dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada populasi dewasa dengan atau tanpa hipertensi. Variabilitas tekanan darah selama 24 jam bersifat dinamis. Peningkatan darah nokturnal memiliki makna klinis yang cukup besar, merupakan salah satu prediktor dari penyebab kerusakan target organ, terutama kejadian kardiovaskular dan stroke. Asupan garam dapat mempengaruhi variasi tekanan darah 24 jam, yang dalam hal ini dapat juga berpengaruh pada hipertensi nokturnal. Obat penyekat EKA merupakan obat hipertensi lini pertama yang sering digunakan, terutama pada usia muda dan hipertensi yang disertai sindrom metabolik, mengingat peranan Sistem Renin Angiotensin memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam patofisiologi hipertensi. Asupan garam juga memiliki peranan pada patofisiologi terjadinya hipertensi dalam sistem Renin Angiotensin. Sedikit studi yang meneliti perpaduan obat penyekat EKA dengan asupan rendah garam dalam menrunkan kejadian hipertensi. Oleh karena itu, Menarik untuk diteliti pengaruh asupan garam dengan tekanan darah nokturnal pada pasien yang mengkonsumsi obat penyekat EKA. Tujuan : Menilai pengaruh asupan garam dengan tekanan darah nokturnal pada pasien hipertensi yang mendapatkan terapi penyekat EKA. Metode : Pasien poliklinik berusia 30 ? 50 tahun yang terdiagnosis hipertensi dan belum pernah mendapatkan anti-hipertensi sebelumnya, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok (asupan rendah garam (Na <15 g/hari) dan asupan tinggi garam ≥15 g/hari). Kedua kelompok akan diberikan lisinopril dan dilakukan pemeriksaan natrium urin 24 jam dan home blood pressure monitoring.. Hasil Penelitian : Sebanyak 80 pasien hipertensi pasien hipertensi yang belum mendapatkan terapi diikutsetakan dalam penelitian ini, yang terdiri dari 37 pasien kelompok rendah garam dan 43 pasien kelompok tinggi garam. Kelompok pasien dengan asupan rendah garam memliki delta penurunan darah nokturnal sistolik (p<0,001), diastolic (p<0,001), dan rerata arteri (p<0,001) yang lebih besar dibandingkan pada kelompok asupan tinggi garam. Rerata asupan garam pada penelitian ini sebesar 16,77 gram/hari. Pada analisa multivariat didapatkan delta penurunan tekanan darah tidak dipengaruhi oleh usia, jenis kelamin, dislipidemia, IMT, dan durasi tidur. Kesimpulan : Penelitian ini membuktikan asupan rendah garam dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas terapi penyekat EKA dalam menurunkan tekanan darah nokturnal. ABSTRACT
Background : Hypertension is one of important risk factor of cardiovascular disease, especially acute coronary syndrome and stroke. High salt intake correlates to high blood pressure. Some Randomized-Controlled-Trials stated that low salt intake may decrease blood pressure in adult population with or without hypertension. Blood pressure variation in 24 hours is not static but dynamically changes. Increasing nocturnal blood pressure has significantly impacts, and become one of predictor of target organ damage, especially cardiovascular events and stroke. Salt intake may interferes both 24 hours blood pressure variation and nocturnal blood pressure. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE) Inhibitors is first drug of choice anti-hypertensive therapy, especially in young age and associated with metabolic syndrome, due to important role of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in pathophysiology of hypertension, whereas salt intake also has role in that system. Only few of studies that had proved combination of ACE Inhibitors and low salt intake in decreasing blood pressure in hypertension population. Therefore, it is so important to know the impact of low salt intake to nocturnal blood pressure in hypertension patient treated with ACE Inhibitors. Objectives : To know impact of low salt intake to nocturnal blood pressure in hypertension patient treated with ACE Inhibitors. Methods : There are 30 ? 50 years old ambulatory patients diagnosed as untreated hypertension, divided into two groups (low salt intake (Na <15 grams/day) and high salt intake (≥15 grams/day). Both of groups were administered Lisinopril 10mg and underwent 24-hours sodium urine collection and home blood pressure monitoring periodically. Results : There are 80 ambulatory patients diagnosed as untreated hypertension, consist of 37 patients in low salt intake group and 43 patients in high salt intake group. Low salt intake group has lower nocturnal systolic (p<0.001), diastolic (p<0.001), and mean arterial (p<0.001) blood pressure compared with high salt intake group. Mean salt intake in this study was 16.77 grams/day. Multivariate analyzes showed that the difference of decreasing nocturnal blood pressure was not interfered by age, sex, dyslipidemia, BMI, and sleep duration. Conclusion : This study has proved that low salt intake may interfere ACE Inhibitors therapy effectiveness in decreasing nocturnal blood pressure.;Background : Hypertension is one of important risk factor of cardiovascular disease, especially acute coronary syndrome and stroke. High salt intake correlates to high blood pressure. Some Randomized-Controlled-Trials stated that low salt intake may decrease blood pressure in adult population with or without hypertension. Blood pressure variation in 24 hours is not static but dynamically changes. Increasing nocturnal blood pressure has significantly impacts, and become one of predictor of target organ damage, especially cardiovascular events and stroke. Salt intake may interferes both 24 hours blood pressure variation and nocturnal blood pressure. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE) Inhibitors is first drug of choice anti-hypertensive therapy, especially in young age and associated with metabolic syndrome, due to important role of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in pathophysiology of hypertension, whereas salt intake also has role in that system. Only few of studies that had proved combination of ACE Inhibitors and low salt intake in decreasing blood pressure in hypertension population. Therefore, it is so important to know the impact of low salt intake to nocturnal blood pressure in hypertension patient treated with ACE Inhibitors. Objectives : To know impact of low salt intake to nocturnal blood pressure in hypertension patient treated with ACE Inhibitors. Methods : There are 30 ? 50 years old ambulatory patients diagnosed as untreated hypertension, divided into two groups (low salt intake (Na <15 grams/day) and high salt intake (≥15 grams/day). Both of groups were administered Lisinopril 10mg and underwent 24-hours sodium urine collection and home blood pressure monitoring periodically. Results : There are 80 ambulatory patients diagnosed as untreated hypertension, consist of 37 patients in low salt intake group and 43 patients in high salt intake group. Low salt intake group has lower nocturnal systolic (p<0.001), diastolic (p<0.001), and mean arterial (p<0.001) blood pressure compared with high salt intake group. Mean salt intake in this study was 16.77 grams/day. Multivariate analyzes showed that the difference of decreasing nocturnal blood pressure was not interfered by age, sex, dyslipidemia, BMI, and sleep duration. Conclusion : This study has proved that low salt intake may interfere ACE Inhibitors therapy effectiveness in decreasing nocturnal blood pressure.;Background : Hypertension is one of important risk factor of cardiovascular disease, especially acute coronary syndrome and stroke. High salt intake correlates to high blood pressure. Some Randomized-Controlled-Trials stated that low salt intake may decrease blood pressure in adult population with or without hypertension. Blood pressure variation in 24 hours is not static but dynamically changes. Increasing nocturnal blood pressure has significantly impacts, and become one of predictor of target organ damage, especially cardiovascular events and stroke. Salt intake may interferes both 24 hours blood pressure variation and nocturnal blood pressure. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme(ACE) Inhibitors is first drug of choice anti-hypertensive therapy, especially in young age and associated with metabolic syndrome, due to important role of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System in pathophysiology of hypertension, whereas salt intake also has role in that system. Only few of studies that had proved combination of ACE Inhibitors and low salt intake in decreasing blood pressure in hypertension population. Therefore, it is so important to know the impact of low salt intake to nocturnal blood pressure in hypertension patient treated with ACE Inhibitors. Objectives : To know impact of low salt intake to nocturnal blood pressure in hypertension patient treated with ACE Inhibitors. Methods : There are 30 ? 50 years old ambulatory patients diagnosed as untreated hypertension, divided into two groups (low salt intake (Na <15 grams/day) and high salt intake (≥15 grams/day). Both of groups were administered Lisinopril 10mg and underwent 24-hours sodium urine collection and home blood pressure monitoring periodically. Results : There are 80 ambulatory patients diagnosed as untreated hypertension, consist of 37 patients in low salt intake group and 43 patients in high salt intake group. Low salt intake group has lower nocturnal systolic (p<0.001), diastolic (p<0.001), and mean arterial (p<0.001) blood pressure compared with high salt intake group. Mean salt intake in this study was 16.77 grams/day. Multivariate analyzes showed that the difference of decreasing nocturnal blood pressure was not interfered by age, sex, dyslipidemia, BMI, and sleep duration. Conclusion : This study has proved that low salt intake may interfere ACE Inhibitors therapy effectiveness in decreasing nocturnal blood pressure.

Abstrak :
Kepatuhan dalam menjalankan regimen pengobatan  sangat penting bagi penderita dengan hipertensi karena dapat mencegah terjadinya komplikasi hipertensi. Kepercayaan terhadap kesehatan merupakani salah satu faktor yang dapat berhubungan dengan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat. Oleh karena itu, tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kepercayaan kesehatan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita hipertensi. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan sumber database Scopus, Proquest, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Research Gate. Hasil dari penelusuran didapat 16 artikel yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal. Hasil studi literaturdidapatkan bahwa sebagian besar studi (93,75%) menyatakan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kepercayaan kesehatan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pasien hipertensi. Studi ini merekomendasikan agar tenaga kesehatan dapat mengidentifikasi kepercayaan kesehatan pasien terhadap regimen pengobatan sehingga diharapkan nantinya dapat mengidentifikasi intervensi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan minum obat. ......Medication Adherence among hypertension regimens is necessary to prevent complications of hypertension. Health belief is one of the factors that can be related to medication adherence. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health belief and medication adherence in hypertensive patients. The writing method used a literature study with database sources from Scopus, Proquest, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate. The results were 16 articles that were analyzed using the JBI Critical Appraisal. The results of the literature study found that most of the studies (93.75%) stated that there was a significant relationship between health belief and medication adherence in hypertensive patients. This study recommends that clinicians can identify the patient's health belief in the treatment regimen so that later they can identify the right intervention to improve medication adherence.