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"Diabetes melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik dengan komplikasi yang dapat menyebabkan disabilitas hingga kematian. Upaya pencegahan komplikasi diabetes yaitu menerapkan perilaku self-management. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi korelasi antara kualitas edukasi yang dilakukan perawat terhadap perilaku self-management pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Data diperoleh dari 126 responden di Puskesmas Cimanggis, Tapos, Sukmajaya, dan Persadia Cabang Kota Depok dengan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan telah diuji untuk mengukur Kualitas Edukasi yang Dilakukan Perawat dan self-management diabetes (SDSCA). Hasil analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif yang bermakna antara kualitas edukasi yang dilakukan perawat terhadap perilaku self-management pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (p=0,000). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan evaluasi bagi pelayanan keperawatan untuk meningkatkan kualitas edukasi dengan harapan meningkatkan self-management pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-life chronic metabolic disease with  accompanying complications that could lead to disability or death. Diabetes self-management has been considered as an effort to reduce the complications. This study aimed to identify the correlation between the quality of nurse-led education with type 2 diabetes self-management behavior. A total  of 126 subjects with T2DM were recruited from Puskesmas Cimanggis, Tapos, Sukmajaya, and Persadia Cabang Kota Depok with purposive sampling. Previously validated scales were used to measure the quality of nurse-led education and diabetes self-management (SDSCA). The result of Pearson Correlation analysis showed that there is significantly-positive correlation between nurse-led education with self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (p=0,000; r=0,436). The result of this research could be a suggestion for further nursing care to educate diabetician to improve their self-management."

"ABSTRAKKontrol glukosa darah dapat dipertahankan melalui perawatan mandiri. Motivasi melakukan self monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) yang baik dapat meningkatkan diabetes self management pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan motivasi melakukan SMBG dengan diabetes self management pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif observasional analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional, melibatkan 96 pasien. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa kuesioner karakteristik responden, Treatment Self Regulation Questionare, Diabetes Self Management Questionare, Diabetes Knowledge Scale.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara motivasi melakukan SMBG dengan diabetes self management (p = 0,001). Hasil analisis regresi logistik menunjukkan motivasi melakukan SMBG berhubungan dengan didabetes self management setelah dikontrol variabel pengetahuan.Kesimpulan diperlukan perhatian khusus dari perawat untuk meningkatkan motivasi melakukan SMBG pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dalam self care management.

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ABSTRACT

Glycemic control could be maintained through diabetes self-management. Motivation to perform self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) could improve diabetes self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between motivation to perform SMBG and diabetes self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

This study applied quantitative method with a cross sectional approach, involving 96 patients. The Instruments used were questionnaires for respondent characteristics, Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaires, Diabetes Self Management Questionnaire and Diabetes Knowledge Scale.

The results show that there was a significant relationship between motivation to perform SMBG and diabetes selfmanagement (p = 0,001). Results of logistic regression analysis showes that motivation to perform SMBG is associated with diabetes self-management after controlled by knowledge variable.

In conclusion it is a necessarily for nurses to provide attention to increase motivation to perform SMBG in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of self care management."

"Self management diabetes berdampak positif terhadap peningkatan outcome klinis. Observasi pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan menunjukkan pelaksanaan edukasi kurang efektif. Inovasi teknologi dapat menjadi alternatif solusi dalam mengatasi masalah ini. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi self management berbasis android terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan perilaku self management pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini berdesain quasi eksperimental pre-posttest dengan kelompok kontrol. Partisipan direkrut di poli rawat jalan dan rawat inap sejak Juni-Agustus 2020. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS versi 25 pada 66 responden. Pada analisis bivariat, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi di akhir penelitian (p=0,07). Tidak ada pengaruh aplikasi terhadap perilaku self management diabetes (p=0,940). Pada analisis multivariat, didapatkan hubungan yang signifikan antara penggunaan aplikasi (p=0,045) dan tingkat pengetahuan sebelumnya (p=0,0001) terhadap tingkat pengetahuan posttest. Aplikasi D-SyIs berpotensi meningkatkan pengetahuan diabetes. Perbaikan desain aplikasi diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan aplikasi.

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Self management diabetes has positive impact on increasing clinical outcome. Field observation in healthcare setting showed an ineffective implementation of health education. Technology innovation could be an alternative solution to solve this problem. This research was to examine the effect of android based self management apps towards diabetes self management behavior and diabetes knowledge among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A pre-posttest quasy experimental design with control group is used. Participants were recruited from outpatient and inpatient from June to July 2020. SPSS version 25 was used to analyse 66 participants. In bivariat analysis, there was enhancement of diabetes knowledge in intervention group (p=0,07) at the end of research. There was no significant different in self management (p=0,908). In multivariate analysis, there were significant effect of D-SyIs apps (p=0,045) and previous diabetes knowledge (p=0,0001) towards diabetes knowledge. This apps has potential effects to increase diabetes knowledge. Upgrading the app design is needed to increase the apps effectiveness."

"Penerapan pedoman gizi kedalam menu sehari-hari merupakan tantangan bagi mayoritas pasien diabetes karena memerlukan penyesuaian dan kesukarelaan dari pasien untuk mengubah pola makan yang sudah lama terbentuk dan sering menimbulkan kejenuhan dan stress disebabkan pasien diabetes harus mengikuti program diet seumur hidupnya. Aktivitas self management serta respon psikologis memiliki pengaruh yang besar pada pasien diabetes melitus dalam melakukan usaha pengontrolan diet. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di RSPAD Gatot Soebroto, RS Fatmawati dan RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusomo Jakarta dengan jumlah responden 260 orang pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Pengukuran respon psikologis menggunakan Problem Areas In Diabetes PAID, aktivitas self management diukur menggunakan Diabetes Self Management Questionare DMSQ yang telah dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas serta pengukuran asupan makanan melalui kuesioner food recall 1x24 jam dan status nutrisi dinilai dengan indeks massa tubuh IMT. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara respon psikologis dan status nutrisi p = 0,000, OR =4,944 , terdapat hubungan bermakna antara diabetes self management dengan status nutrisi p = 0,002, OR = 2,217 yang tidak dipengaruhi variabel perancu jenis OAD, asupan makanan, dan usia. Diperlukan penambahan materi konseling untuk memenuhi kebutuhan psikologis terkait diabetes serta penguatan edukasi secara berulang-ulang kepada pasien.

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The application of nutritional guidelines into the daily menu is a challenge for the majority of diabetic patients because it requires adjustment and volunteering of patients to change the long established diet and often leads to saturation and stress because diabetic patients should follow a diet plan for the rest of their lives. Self management activities as well as psychological responses have a great influence on diabetes mellitus patients in doing diet control efforts. This research use cross sectional design which done in Gatot Soebroto army hospital, Fatmawati Hospital and Dr. Cipto Mangunkusomo hospital Jakarta with the number of respondents 260 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measurement of psychological response using Problem Areas In Diabetes PAID, self management activity is measured using Diabetes Self Management Questionare DMSQ which has tested the validity and reliability and measurement of food intake through food recall questionnaire 1x24 hours and nutritional status assessed with body mass index BMI. The result showed that there was a significant correlation between psychological response and nutritional status p 0,000, OR 4,944 , there was a significant correlation between diabetes self management with nutritional status p 0,002, OR 2,217 unaffected by confounder type OAD, intake food, and age. Required addition of counseling material to meet the psychological needs related to diabetes as well as the strengthening of education repeatedly to the patient."

"ABSTRAKTingkat pengetahuan dan self management merupakan faktor yang penting dalammeningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan self management dengan kualitas hidup padapasien DM tipe 2. Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah analitik cross sectional dengan jumlahsampel 75 orang yang dilakukan di Rumkital DR. Ramelan Surabaya. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan (r = 0.619; p < 0.01),self management (r = 0.685; p < 0.01) dengan kualitas hidup pada pasien DM tipe 2. Hasilmultivariat menunjukkan bahwa nilai HbA1c merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhihubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan self management dengan kualitas hidup padapasien DM tipe 2. Perawat dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien dengan memberikanedukasi yang berfokus pada peningkatan self management dan memfasilitasi pemberiandukungan keluarga serta supervisi dan monitoring terkait self management yang dilakukanpasien DM tipe 2.

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ABSTRACTKnowledge and self management are important factor in improving the quality of life ofpatients with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this research is to know the correlation ofknowledge level and self management with quality of life in DM type 2 patient. The design inthis study is cross sectional analytic with the sample of 75 people conducted in Rumkital DR.Ramelan Surabaya. The results showed that there was a significant correlation betweenknowledge level (r = 0.619, p <0.01), self management (r = 0.685, p <0.01) with quality oflife in type 2 DM patients. Multivariate results showed that HbA1c was the most influencingfactor the relationship between knowledge level and self management with quality of life intype 2 DM patients. Nurses can improve patient knowledge by providing education thatfocuses on improving self management and facilitating family support and supervision andmonitoring related self-management by DM type 2 patients."

"Blood glucose controlling and preventing complications of Diabetes Mellitus can only be achieved through every day implementation of self-management behaviors that include meals (diet) planning, physical exercise, (medication) therapy, blood glucose monitoring, and foot care. In reality, self-management behaviors are ot done routinely every day. One factor that can be a predictor is self-efficacy. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Method: A cross-sectional research design was used in this study, and 112 persons with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were recruited. The questionaire used in this study is The Diabetes Management Self Efficacy Scale (DMSES), Summary Diabetes Self Care Activity (SDSCA), and Diabetes Knowledge (DKN) Scale.Result: The results show the significant relationship between self-efficacy and self-management behaviors (p value < 0.001). People with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with high self-efficacy can increase their self-management behavior.Conclusion: Therefore, nurses need to improve self-efficacy of people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by providing education about the management of Diabetes Mellitus, as well as supporting and motivating them."

"Pasien dewasa pertengahan dengan diabetes memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terjadinya komorbiditas. Diabetes self management merupakan hal yang esensial dilakukan untuk mengontrol gula darah. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi diabetes self management pada pasien dewasa pertengahan dengan diabetes tipe 2. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross-scetional pada 91 reponden. Semua data pada penelitian ini diambil secara daring. Hasil analisis bivariat hanya dukungan keluarga (p=0,023) dan efikasi diri (p=0,0005) yang berhubungan dengan diabetes self management, sedangkan faktor lain tidak memiliki korelasi. Analisis regresi linear ditemukan bahwa efikasi diri (p=0,0005, R2=0,379) yang paling berpengaruh terhadap diabetes self management. Perawat perlu mengembangkan intervensi dan inovasi keperawatan yang mengacu pada pemberdayaan pasien dalam meningkatan kemampuan dalam perawatan diri sendiri. Fokus utama perawat pada peningkatkan efikasi diri pasien dan kemampuan diabetes self management. Diperlukannya edukasi yang berkelanjutan serta keterlibatan dari anggota keluarga pasien.

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Factors affecting diabetes self management in middle-age adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Middle-age adult patients with diabetes have higher risk comorbid conditions. Diabetes self management is an essential thing to control blood sugar.The aim of this study was to analyze the factors affecting with diabetes self-management in middle-age adult with type 2 diabetes. A cross-sectional approach was conducted for 91 respondents. All data in this research were collected from online survey. From the bivariate analysis, there were only family support (p = 0.023) and self-efficacy (p = 0.0005) that associated with diabetes self-management. The other variable had no correlation. Linear regression analysis found that self-efficacy (p = 0.0005, R2 = 0.379) had strongest correlation toward diabetes self-management. Nurses need to develop nursing interventions and innovations that refer to empowering patients to increase their ability to care for themselves. Nurses’ primary focus was on improving patient self-efficacy and diabetes self-management abilities. Patiens need for continuing education and involvement of the patient's family members."

"Gangguan pada fungsi insulin membuat pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 mengalami kondisi hiperglikemia. Kondisi tersebut membuat pasien diabetes mudah terbangun di malam hari karena nokturia dan mempunyai durasi tidur yang pendek. Penurunan kualitas tidur pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, perubahan emosional dan dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan manajemen perawatan diri. Penelitian ini juga meneliti variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi manajemen perawatan diri seperti usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, lama penyakit diabetes, tingkat stress, dukungan keluarga dan ulkus diabetikum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan menggunakan kuesioner karakteristik responden, pittsburgh sleep quality index, perceived stress scale, diabetes self-management questionnaire dan dukungan keluarga. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 152 pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang terbagi menjadi 79 responden tanpa ulkus diabetikum dan 73 responden dengan ulkus diabetikum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 63.2 responden memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk, 59.2 responden memiliki stress ringan, 57.2 responden memiliki dukungan keluarga buruk dan 56.6 memiliki perilaku manajemen perawatan diri diabetes baik. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kualitas tidur dengan manajemen perawatan diri diabetes p < 0.05. Hubungan yang bermakna juga ditemukan pada variabel lama penyakit DM dan tingkat stress p < 0.05. Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, dukungan keluarga dan ulkus diabetikum dengan manajemen perawatan diri diabetes. Kesimpulan yang diambil dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kualitas tidur dengan manajemen perawatan diri diabetes pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2.

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Insulin disturbance on diabetes mellitus patients has lead them to have hyperglycemia. This condition makes diabetics had to wake up at night due to nocturia and they also had a short duration of sleep. Decreased sleep quality in patients with type 2 diabetes can interfere their daytime functions, alterations in emotions and decrease their quality of life. Purpose of this study was to examine relationship between sleep quality and self care management among diabetes type 2 patients. This study also added some variables that may affect management of self care such as age, gender, education level, duration of diabetes, stress levels, family support and diabetic foot ulcers. This research using cross sectional methods with questionnaire consist of patient characteristic, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, perceived stress scale, diabetes self management questionnaire and family support. This research has been conducted in 152 diabetes type 2 patients who were divided into 79 respondents without diabetic foot ulcers and 73 respondents with diabetic foot ulcers. Result of this study showed that 63.2 of respondents have poor sleep quality, 59.2 of respondents have mild stress, 57.2 of respondents have poor family support and 56.6 have good diabetes self management behavior. This study also found that there is a significant relationship between sleep quality with diabetes self care management p 0.05. This study also found that there is significant relationship between duration of diabetes and stress level p 0.05. There is no significant relationship between age, sex, education level, family support and diabetic ulcers with diabetes self management care. Conclusion of this study is significant relationship between sleep quality and diabetes self care management on diabetes type 2 patients."

"Efikasi diri dan kepatuhan merupakan faktor yang penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat efikasi diri dan kepatuhan dengan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2 yang menjalani rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit di Jakarta.Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 125 pasien DM tipe 2. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy (DMSES), the Diabetes Activities Questionare (TDAQ), dan Diabetes Quality Of Life (DQOL).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri (0,0005), dan kepatuhan (0,0005) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kualitas hidup dengan variabel yang paling dominan adalah kepatuhan.Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel efikasi diri, kepatuhan, tingkat pendidikan, dan depresi menentukan kualitas hidup pasien DM. Perlunya dikembangkan pengkajian dan intervensi keperawatan yang berfokus pada efikasi diri dan kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2.

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Self-efficacy and adherence are important factor in improving the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and adherence to the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an outpatient unit of a Hospital in Jakarta.

This study was a cross-sectional, with sample of 125 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Management Self- Efficacy (DMSES), the Diabetes Activities Questionare (TDAQ), and the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) were employed as instruments.

The results showed that selfefficacy (0.0005), and adherence (0.0005) were significantly associated with quality of life and the most dominant variable is adherence.

Multivariate test results indicate that the variable self-efficacy, adherence, education level, and depression determines quality of life of diabetic patients. This study suggestsis the need fornursing assessment and interventions that focus on the self-efficacy and adherence diabetes mellitus patient."

"Beberapa studi epidemiologi maupun studi metaanalisis menunjukkan beberapa faktor pada DM tipe 2 memiliki hubungan dengan risiko terjadinya kanker. Mutan p53 yang terbukti berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan tumor sementara insulin yang diketahui berperan dalam mengendalikan kadar gula tubuh, dipilih menjadi biomarker yang akan diteliti pada penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan kadar mutan p53 dan insulin pada kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 + kanker (n=51) dan pasien DM tipe 2 (n=51). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Pada penelitian, diketahui tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p=0,774) pada nilai mutan p53 antara kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 + kanker (1,65±0,10 ng/mL) dan kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 (1,62±0,09 ng/mL). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p<0,001) pada kadar insulin antara kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 + kanker (19,33±2,68 µIU/mL) dan kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 (37,31±2,68 µIU/mL). Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna antara kadar mutan p53 dengan kadar insulin pada kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 + kanker (r=0,191; p= 0,179) dan pada kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 (r=-0,081; p= 0,574). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada kadar mutan p53 antara kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 + kanker dan kelompok pasien DM tipe 2, namun terdapat perbedaan pada kadar insulin pada kedua kelompok. Selain itu, tidak ada korelasi bermakna antara kadar mutan p53 dan insulin pada kedua kelompok.

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Epidemiological studies and meta-analysis have shown that several factors in type 2 DM are related to cancer incidents. Mutant p53 is scientifically proven to contribute in tumor development while insulin that known well to play an important role in controlling body glucose levels, therefore those two biomarkers were chosen to be investigated in this study. This research aimed to study the correlation of mutant p53 and insulin in type 2 DM + cancer (n=51) and type 2 DM patients (n=51). This research was a cross-sectional study with consecutive technique sampling. This study showed that there was no significant difference (p=0.774) of mutant p53 value between type 2 DM + cancer patients group (1.65±0.10 ng/mL) and type 2 DM patients group (1.62±0.09 ng/mL). However, it was significant difference (p<0.001) of insulin value in type 2 DM + cancer patients group (19.33±2.68 µIU/mL) and type 2 DM patients group (37.31±2.68 µIU/mL). There was also no significant correlation between mutan p53 and insulin value in type 2 DM + cancer patients group (r=0.191; p=0.179) and type 2 DM patients group (r=-0.081; p=0.574). Based on the results, we concluded that there was no significant difference of mutant p53 value in type 2 DM + cancer patients group and in type 2 DM patients group but there was significant difference of insulin value in both groups. There was also no significant correlation between mutan p53 and insulin value in both groups."