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"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Cedera otak traumatika akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas masih merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian dan kecacatan utama pada kelompok usia produktif. Cedera otak sekunder dideskripsikan sebagai konsekuensi gangguan fisiologis, seperti iskemia, reperfusi, dan hipoksia pada area otak yang beresiko, beberapa saat setelah terjadinya cedera awal (cedera otak primer). Cedera otak sekunder sensitif terhadap terapi dan proses terjadinya dapat dicegah dan dimodifikasi. Metode: Penelitian kohort retrospektif dengan data primer rekam medis. Data yang terdiri dari beberapa variabel yang dikumpulkan secara retrospektif dari catatan medis pasien. RS. Hasan Sadikin, Bandung Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 2011-2014. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 647 pasien. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat, dan analisis multivariate cox proportional hazard dengan model matematis yangselanjutnya akan dibuat model skoring. Analisis roctab digunakan untuk menentukan nilai cut-off setiap variabel numerik. Hasil: Variabel perdarahan otak, tingkat kesadaran, dan edema serebri merupakanfaktor resiko outcome, sedangkan variabel peningkatan tekanan intrakranial, kadar elektrolit natrium dan klorida, serta terapi diuretik merupakan faktor resiko untuk terjadinya outcome kematian pada pasien ensefalitis anak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat skoring didapatkan urutan faktor prognostik yang dominan menyebabkan kematian, yaitu Variabel usia memilik HR sebesar 1,00, natriummempunyai HR 0,8, Perdarahan otak pada CT Scan kepala mempunyai HR sebesar 1,73, edema serebri mempunyai HR 2,53, hipoksia mempunyai HR sebesar 2,13, farktur maksillofascial mempunyai HR sebesar 0,6, hipotensi memiliki HR 0,7 dan pembedahan/trepanasi mempunyai HR 0,388 Berdasarkan analisis tersebut maka natrium, GCS, hipotensi, pembedahan dan MFS fraktur merupakan faktor proteksi outcome sedangkan usia, perdarahan otak pada CT Scan, edema serebri, hipoksia merupakan faktor resiko terjadinya outcomekematian pada pasien cedera kepala berat. Dari hasil mulitvariat yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya apabila skor -69 s/d -47 mengalami resiko rendah untuk mengalami kematian, skor -46 s/d -20 mengalami resiko sedang untuk terjadinya kematian dan skor >-19 akan mengalami resiko tinggi terjadinya kematian. Kesimpulan: Model skoring prognosis yang telah terbentuk ini mampu memprediksi sebesar 84,75 % faktor faktor yang berhubungan dengan prognosis cedera otak traumatika berat. Apabila ada 100 pasien cedera kepala berat dengan adanya semua variabel maka 76 pasien akan meninggal dan bila 100 pasiencedera kepala berat tanpa adanya semua variabel maka 25 pasien akan meninggal.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Severe traumatic brain injury caused by traffic accidents is still one of the major causes of death and disability in the productive age group. Secondary brain injury is described as a physiological disorders, such as ischemia, reperfusion, and hypoxia in brain areas at risk, some time after the initial injury (primary brain injury). Secondary brain injury is sensitive to therapy it can be preventable and modifiable.Methods: This cohort study with primary data medical records. The data consists of multiple variables collected retrospectively from patient medical records at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung West Java, Indonesia. Data were collected in 2011-2014. The number of samples was 647 patients. Analysis was conducted on univariate, bivariate, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis with a mathematical model which would then be created scoring models. Roctab analysisis used to determine the cut-off value of any numeric variable.Results: Variable brain hemorrhage, level of consciousness and cerebral edema is a risk factor outcomes, while variable increased intracranial pressure, electrolyte levels of sodium and chloride, as well as diuretic therapy is a risk factor for the occurrence of mortality outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Based on the results of the multivariate analysis of prognostic factors scoring sequence obtained the dominant cause of death, the age variable having an HR of 1.00, sodium has HR 0.8, brain hemorrhage on CT scan head has a HR of 1.73, had a cerebral edema HR 2,53, hypoxia has a HR of 2.13, fracture maxillofascial have HR of 0.6 and hypotension have HR 0.7, surgery / trepanation HR 0.388, based on the analysis of the sodium, GCS, hypotension, MFS fracture, surgery and outcome protection factor whereas age, brain hemorrhage on a CT scan, cerebral edema, hypoxia is a risk factor for mortality outcomes in patients with severe head injury. From the results multivariate analysis has score of -69 s/d -47experiencing low risk to experience death, a score of -46 s / d -20 experiencing moderate risk for the occurrence of death and a score of > -19 will experience a high risk of death. Conclusions: This Prognostic model scoring has capable to predict 84.75% factors related to the prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury. If there were 100 patients with severe traumatic brain injury in the presence of all variables and 76 patients will die and when 100 patients with severe traumatic brain injury in the absence of all variables that 25 patients will die., Background: Severe traumatic brain injury caused by traffic accidents is still oneof the major causes of death and disability in the productive age group. Secondarybrain injury is described as a physiological disorders, such as ischemia,reperfusion, and hypoxia in brain areas at risk, some time after the initial injury(primary brain injury). Secondary brain injury is sensitive to therapy it can bepreventable and modifiable.Methods: This cohort study with primary data medical records. The data consistsof multiple variables collected retrospectively from patient medical records atHasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung West Java, Indonesia. Data were collected in2011-2014. The number of samples was 647 patients. Analysis was conducted onunivariate, bivariate, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis with amathematical model which would then be created scoring models. Roctab analysisis used to determine the cut-off value of any numeric variable.Results: Variable brain hemorrhage, level of consciousness and cerebral edema isa risk factor outcomes, while variable increased intracranial pressure, electrolytelevels of sodium and chloride, as well as diuretic therapy is a risk factor for theoccurrence of mortality outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Based on the results of the multivariate analysis of prognostic factors scoringsequence obtained the dominant cause of death, the age variable having an HR of1.00, sodium has HR 0.8, brain hemorrhage on CT scan head has a HR of 1.73,had a cerebral edema HR 2,53, hypoxia has a HR of 2.13, fracture maxillofascial have HR of 0.6 and hypotension have HR 0.7, surgery / trepanation HR 0.388,based on the analysis of the sodium, GCS, hypotension, MFS fracture, surgeryand outcome protection factor whereas age, brain hemorrhage on a CT scan,cerebral edema, hypoxia is a risk factor for mortality outcomes in patients withsevere head injury. From the results multivariate analysis has score of -69 s/d -47experiencing low risk to experience death, a score of -46 s / d -20 experiencingmoderate risk for the occurrence of death and a score of > -19 will experience ahigh risk of death.Conclusions: This Prognostic model scoring has capable to predict 84.75%factors related to the prognosis of severe traumatic brain injury. If there were 100patients with severe traumatic brain injury in the presence of all variables and 76patients will die and when 100 patients with severe traumatic brain injury in theabsence of all variables that 25 patients will die]"

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang Biomarker dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi derajat keparahan trauma kepala Tujuan Mengetahui hubungan antara kadar S100B dengan derajat keparahan trauma kepala dan kelainan CT scan kepala Metode Penelitian Penelitian potong lintang di IGD RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo RSUP Fatmawati dan RS Permata Cibubur selama Juli Desember 2015 Subjek adalah anak usia 1 18 tahun yang mengalami trauma kepala dengan onset

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ABSTRACTBackground Biomarker has ability to predict the severity of TBI and abnormal CT scan Objectives To determine the association between S100B level with the severity of pediatric TBI and intracranial injury Methods A cross sectional study at Emergency Department of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo RSUP Fatmawati and Permata Cibubur Hospital on July December 2015 Subjects were 1 18 year old children with TBI onset within 24 hours before admission We measured SKG score serum S100B level and performed cranial CT scan if indicated Results Twenty subjects had mild TBI and 18 subjects had moderate TBI were included S100B levels were higher in children with moderate TBI as compared to children with mild TBI 0 173 0 054 0 812 g L vs 0 067 0 039 0 084 g L p;Background Biomarker has ability to predict the severity of TBI and abnormal CT scan Objectives To determine the association between S100B level with the severity of pediatric TBI and intracranial injury Methods A cross sectional study at Emergency Department of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo RSUP Fatmawati and Permata Cibubur Hospital on July December 2015 Subjects were 1 18 year old children with TBI onset within 24 hours before admission We measured SKG score serum S100B level and performed cranial CT scan if indicated Results Twenty subjects had mild TBI and 18 subjects had moderate TBI were included S100B levels were higher in children with moderate TBI as compared to children with mild TBI 0 173 0 054 0 812 g L vs 0 067 0 039 0 084 g L p;Background Biomarker has ability to predict the severity of TBI and abnormal CT scan Objectives To determine the association between S100B level with the severity of pediatric TBI and intracranial injury Methods A cross sectional study at Emergency Department of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo RSUP Fatmawati and Permata Cibubur Hospital on July December 2015 Subjects were 1 18 year old children with TBI onset within 24 hours before admission We measured SKG score serum S100B level and performed cranial CT scan if indicated Results Twenty subjects had mild TBI and 18 subjects had moderate TBI were included S100B levels were higher in children with moderate TBI as compared to children with mild TBI 0 173 0 054 0 812 g L vs 0 067 0 039 0 084 g L p;Background Biomarker has ability to predict the severity of TBI and abnormal CT scan Objectives To determine the association between S100B level with the severity of pediatric TBI and intracranial injury Methods A cross sectional study at Emergency Department of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo RSUP Fatmawati and Permata Cibubur Hospital on July December 2015 Subjects were 1 18 year old children with TBI onset within 24 hours before admission We measured SKG score serum S100B level and performed cranial CT scan if indicated Results Twenty subjects had mild TBI and 18 subjects had moderate TBI were included S100B levels were higher in children with moderate TBI as compared to children with mild TBI 0 173 0 054 0 812 g L vs 0 067 0 039 0 084 g L p"

"Traumatic Brain Injury merupakan penyebab kematian utama dan morbiditas pada pasien dengan trauma kepala. Dikarenakan Traumatic Brain Injury mempunyai angka prevalensi yang sangat tinggi dan mortalitas yang tinggi, maka perlu suatu alat bantu berupa cedera bagian luar (cedera scalp) untuk ketahui kemungkinan adanya traumatic brain injury yang di sebabkan oleh sebab mati pada mayat tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional analitik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder yang diambil dari laporan pemeriksaan mayat pada Departemen Forensik RS Cipto Mangunkusumo yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi bejumlah 100 sampel. Data yang diambil berupa umur, jenis kelamin, cedera scalp, fraktur tulang tengkorak, perdarahan epidural, perdarahan subdural, perdarahan serebral didata dari hasil pemeriksaan luar dan pemeriksaan dalam. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara cedera scalp dengan traumatic brain injury dengan nilai p sebesar 0,09. Hal ini menguatkan teorinya bahwa hanya gold standard yang bisa mendiagnosis adanya traumatic brain injury, yaitu pemeriksaan dalam pada otopsi.

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Traumatic Brain Injury is the leading cause of death and morbidity in the world. Due to a very high prevelance rate of traumatic brain injury, a diagnostic tool that is able to quickly identify the presence of traumatic brain injury is needed. Injuries to the scalp can be used as a diagnostic tool to determine the presence of Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study uses an analytical cross sectional study design. The sample in this research wassecondary data taken from autopsy reports to the Department of Forensic Cipto Mangunkusumo that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which was 100 samples. Data taken the form of age, gender, scalp injury, brain bone fracture, epidural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage recorded from external examination results and examination.

From this study it was found that there was no significant correlation between scalp injury with traumatic brain injury with p value of 0.09. It supported the theory that only internal autopsy can diagnose the presence of traumatic brain injury."

"Latar Belakang : Cedera kranioserebral ada 2, yaitu cedera primer dan sekunder. PatofisioIogi cedera sekunder yang kompleks menyebabkan perlunya parameter tambahan untuk menilai perburukan klinis penderita cedera kranioserebral. Pada penelitian terdahulu didapat suatu hubungan antara kadar interleukin 6 serum dengan keluaran cedera kranioserebral. Dimana semakin tinggi kadar 11-6 akan semakin buruk keluaran cedera kranioserebral. Dengan melihat hal ini kami melakukan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara kadar M-6 dengan penderita ceders kranioserebral.Objektif : Mengetahui peranan IL-6 pada kondisi klinis penderita cedera kranioserebral 5KG 6-12Desain dan Metode: Observasional dengan repeated measurement design sesuai dengan kriteria seleksi dan dieksplorasi apakah terdapat hubungan IL-6 dengan SKG hari 1,3,7 atau mortalitas.Hasil : 63 penderita cedera kranioserebral SKG 6-12 dalarn 24 jam dari onset. Semua pasien dilakukan pemeriksaan IL-6 serum dan DPL rutin, Nilai rerata IL-6 tertinggi adalah pada SKG 6 508,938 ± 98,125 dan nilai rerata terendah adalah 11,725 ± 8,441. Dengan uji kai kuadarat didapati hubungan semakin tinggi nilai IL-6 semakin rendah nilai SKG (p<0,0001). Dengan uji kai kuadrat juga didapati semakin tinggi kadar M-6 semakin tinggi mortalitas (p<0,002).Kesimpulan : IL-6 dapat dijadikan salah satu prediktor keluaran penderita cedera kranioserebral.

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Background : Traumatic brain Injury (TBI) is divided in to primary and secondary injury. Complexities of the pathophysiology of secondary brain injury made additional parameters in to evaluation for observed the worsening effect of those mechanisms. In the current study there is a correlation between IL 6 serum concentration and the outcome of TBI. The higher 1L6 would be markedly worsening outcome. Based on this concept, we make the research to explore the correlation between IL 6 concentration and TBI patient.

Objective: To explore the rule of IL 6 on the worsening clinical condition of the TBI patient GCS 6-8 and GCS 9-12.

Design and methods: Observational study with repeated measurement design due to selection criteria and being explored whether any correlation between IL 6 and GCS on day 1,3,7 or mortality.

Results: 63 TBI patients with GCS 6-12 and the onset are 24 hours enrolled to this study. All the patient had IL 6 serum and routine blood test. The highest mean of IL 6 is 508,938 + on GCS 6 and the lowest mean is 11,725 + 8,441 on GCS 12. Result of the chi square test showed there was correlation the higher IL 6 and the lower GCS (p<0,0001). The other analyzed the chi square test showed there were also correlation between the higher IL 6 and mortality (p<0,002).

Conclusion : IL- 6 could be used as one of TBI outcome predictor."

"Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a common non-infectious disease. It is so common that it is dubbed as the “silent pandemic”. It is also the main contributor of the overall disability and mortality rates in the overall injuries caused by trauma. Studies have found that the annual worldwide TBI occurrence is 295 occurrences for every 100,000 people. Another study found that around 10 million people suffer from TBI which requires hospitalization or with lethal consequences annually worldwide. Several factors can influence the overall outcome of TBI in patients. This study aims to elucidate the influence some of these factors may have; including age, sex, severity, amount of lesion, and brain region affected. Methods: This research is an analytical research using retrospective methods as medical records from the archives of the Department of Neurology of FKUI-RSCM is used. Statistical analysis is done using SPSS with Chisquared and Kruskal-Walis as the main method of statistical tests used; appropriate to data type. Results: Age was found to be a significant factor in the development of worse outcomes in the 14th day post-trauma (p= 0.026). Severity was found to be a significant factor also regardless of when the GOSE score was taken (14th day p= 0.004, 30th day p= <0.001, 90th day p=<0.001). Injuries in multiple brain regions was also a significant factor (14th day p= 0.003, 30th day p= 0.037, 90th day p= 0.008). The parietal region was found to be the only significant predictor (14th day p= 0.013, 30th day p= 0.011, 90th day p= 0.044). Conclusion: Age, severity, amount of brain region affected, and injury in the parietal region is a significant outcome predictor.

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Introduksi: Cedera Otak Traumatik (COT) adalah penyakit non-infeksius yang umum ditemui. Sangat sering hingga dianggap sebagai “pandemi diam-diam”. COT juga merupakan kontributor Tingkat Disabilitas dan Mortalitas utama dari semua cedera traumatik lainnya. Satu studi telah menemukan bahwa kejadian COT tahunan pada seluruh dunia adalah 295 kejadian untuk setiap 100.000 orang. Study lain menemukan sekitar 10 juta orang menderita COT yang memerlukan perawatan di rumah sakit atau berakibat fatal tiap tahunnya di seluruh dunia. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keluaran keseluruhan pasien COT. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh dari beberapa faktor tersebut; termasuk umur, jenis kelamin, keparahan, jumlah lesi, dan area otak yang terpengaruhi. Methode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan metode retrospektif dengan menggunakan rekam medis yang tersedia pada arsip Departemen Neurologi FKUI-RSCM. Analisis statistik dilaksanakan menggunakan SPSS dengan metode Chi-Squared dan Kruskal Walis sebagai metode statistik utama yang dipakai dan sesuai dengan tipe data juga. Hasil: Umur ditemukan sebagai faktor yang signifikan dalam perkembangan hasil kurang baik pada hari ke-14 sehabis trauma (p=0.026). Keparahan juga ditemukan sebagai faktor yang signifikan pada tiap titik waktu skor GOSE diambil (hari ke-14 p= 0,004, hari ke-30 p= <0,001, hari ke-90= <0,001). Cedera pada lokasi multipel pada otak juga ditemukan sebagai faktor yang signifikan (hari ke-14 p= 0.003, hari ke-30 p= 0.037, hari ke-90 p= 0.008). Daerah parietal juga ditemukan sebagai prediktor yang signifikan (hari ke-14 p= 0,013, hari ke-30 p= 0,011, hari ke-90 p= 0,044). Konklusi: Umur, keparahan dan jumlah daerah otak yang terpengaruhi dan cedera pada daerah parietal adalah prediktor hasil yang signifikan."

"Latar Belakang. Cedera kepala merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius yang dapat menyebabkan kematian, kecacatan fisik dan kecacatan mental. Cedera kepala dapat menyebabkan sel astrosit rusak sehingga mengeluarkan protein S 100B yang dapat dideteksi didalam darah perifer, sehingga dapat dipakai untuk memprediksi tingkat keparahan cedera kepala yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara kadar protein S 100B dengan tingkat keparahan cedera kepala. Metode. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang untuk mengetahui kadar protein S 100B pada pasien cedera kepala akut onset kurang dari 24 jam. Subyek penelitian sejumlah 85 pasien yang datang berobat ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSCM sejak bulan maret ? juni 2015. Dilakukan penilaian GCS, lamanya tidak sadarkan diri, lamanya amnesia pasca trauma dengan bantuan alat TOAG, pemeriksaan CT Scan dan pemeriksaan serum protein S 100B. Hasil. Didapatkan kadar rerata protein S 100B serum 0,77 μg/L, rerata durasi amnesia 21,22 jam, rerata nilai GCS 13. Terdapat perbedaan kadar protein S 100B pada CKR (rerata 0,4175) dibandingkan dengan pada CKS dan CKB (1,0722) (p=0,020), nilai titik potong kadar protein S 100B pasien yang meninggal 0,765 μg/L (p= 0,002). Simpulan. Kadar rerata protein S 100B pada cedera kepala ringan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kadar protein S 100B pada cedera kepala sedang dan berat, semakin tinggi kadar protein S 100B akan semakin tidak baik keluaran pasien cedera kepala.

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Background. Traumatic brain injury is still a serious community health problem can cause death, physical and mental disability. Protein S 100B release from destructive astrocyte from brain injury and detected in the peripheral blood, so that protein S 100B can serve as predictor of severity traumatic brain injury. This research aimed to find association between protein S 100B with traumatic brain injury severity.

Method. This was a cross sectional study focusing to protein S 100B value from acute traumatic brain injury patients with onset < 24 hours. Eighty five patients were recruited from emergency room RSCM. GCS value, duration of post traumatic amnesia with TOAG tools, duration loss of consciousness, brain CT scan and concentration serum protein S 100B were record.

Results. The mean concentration serum Protein S 100B were 0.77, mean PTA duration were 21,22 hours, and the mean GCS were 13. There is a significant differentiation value of concentration protein S 100B from mild trumatic brain injury compare moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (p=0,020), cut off point for death patients was 0,765 μg/L.

Conclusion. The mean serum Protein S 100 B from mild trumatic brain injury lower than moderate and severe traumatic brain injury higher consentration of protein S 100B have bad outcome."

"Latar BelakangCedera otak traumatis atau traumatic brain injury (TBI) merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian dan kecacatan yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak, orang dewasa hingga umur 24 tahun, dan lansia dengan umur >75 tahun.1–3 Di Amerika Serikat terdapat sekitar 2,87 juta kasus pasien cedera otak traumatis, dimana 2,5 juta pasien masuk ke Instalasi Gawat Darurat, termasuk lebih dari 812.000 pasien anak-anak. Di Indonesia sendiri, menurut Riskesdas 2018, prevalensi kejadian cedera kepala di Indonesia berada pada angka 11,9%.2 Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pengumpulan serta pengolahan data terkait profil diagnosis cedera kepala yang dioperasi. Data yang terkumpul dapat digunakan oleh pihak terkait untuk menilai resiko, prevalensi, diagnosis, dan tatalaksana operatif cedera kepala.MetodeMetode penelitian melibatkan data retrospektif terhadap pasien yang menjalani tatalaksana operatif akibat cedera kepala di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada tahun 2016 hingga 2020. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif observasional dengan metode consecutive sampling.HasilPopulasi yang masuk dalam kriteri studi berjumlah 219 pasien. Terdiri dari, 176 pria (80,37%) dan 43 wanita (19,63%) dengan rata-rata umur 28,66. Kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur remaja akhir (17-25 tahun) (Tabel 1 & 2). Diagnosis tersering yang ditemukan adalah epidural hematoma sebesar 54,34% (n = 119). Jenis tatalaksana tersering adalah kraniotomi (54,74%; n = 120). Dari 219 mengenai GCS dan penyebab trauma tersedia untuk 80 pasien. GCS 14-15 atau mild TBI adalah pasien terbanyak (43,59%; n = 34), dengan penyebab terbanyak adalah kecelakaan lalu lintas (63,75%; n = 51)KesimpulanPasien cedera kepala yang dioperasi di RSCM pada tahun 2016-2020, umumnya mengalami mild TBI (GCS 14-15). Peneybab tersering adalah akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas. Jumlah pasien laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan adalah 4 : 1. Rata-rata umur pasien adalah 28,66. Kelompok umur terbanyak adalah kelompok umur 17-25 tahun. Epidural hematoma adalah diagnosis yang tersering yang ditemukan pada populasi studi. Kemudian jenis tatalaksana yang tersering adalah kraniotomi.

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Background

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of death and disability in children, adults up to 24 years of age, and elderly people aged >75 years. 1–3 In the United States there are approximately 2, 87 million cases of traumatic brain injury patients, of which 2.5 million patients were admitted to the Emergency Department, including more than 812,000 pediatric patients. In Indonesia itself, according to Riskesdas 2018, the prevalence of head injuries in Indonesia is 11.9%.2 In this research, data will be collected and processed regarding the diagnosis profile of head injuries that are operated on. The collected data can be used by related parties to assess the risk, prevalence, diagnosis and operative management of head injuries.

Methods

The research method involved retrospective data on patients who underwent operative treatment for head injuries at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2016 to 2020. This research design used an observational descriptive design with a consecutive sampling method.

Results

The population included in the study criteria was 219 patients. Consisting of 176 men (80.37%) and 43 women (19.63%) with an average age of 28.66. The largest age group is the late teenage age group (17-25 years) (Table 1 & 2). The most common diagnosis found was epidural hematoma at 54.34% (n = 119). The most common type of treatment was craniotomy (54.74%; n = 120). Of the 219 questions regarding GCS and causes of trauma were available for 80 patients. GCS 14-15 or mild TBI was the most common patient (43.59%; n = 34), with the most common cause being traffic accidents (63.75%; n = 51).

Conclusion

Head injury patients operated on at RSCM in 2016-2020 generally experienced mild TBI (GCS 14-15). The most common cause is a traffic accident. The number of male patients compared to female is 4: 1. The average age of patients is 28.66. The largest age group is the 17-25 year age group. Epidural hematoma was the most common diagnosis encountered in the study population. Then the most common type of treatment is craniotomy."

"ABSTRAKKejadian traumatik dapat menimbulkan berbagai dampak dalam hidup manusia yang mengalami salah satunya adalah adanya perkembangan pasca kejadian traumatik Post traumatic Growth Pasca kejadian traumatik individu juga melakukan berbagai cara untuk kembali pulih salah satunya dengan menggunakan religi sebagai proses coping Penelitian ini berusaha untuk melihat gambaran hubungan religious coping yang diukur menggunakan Brief RCOPE terhadap Post traumatic Growth yang diukur menggunakan PTGI Revised for Children and Adolescent Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap 276 remaja berumur 13 19 tahun di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa positive religious coping memiliki korelasi positif dan signifikan dengan Post traumatic Growth r 0 460 p 0 01 dan negative religious coping juga memiliki korelasi positif dan signifikan dengan Post traumatic Growth r 0 232 p 0 01 Lebih lanjut penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa positive religious coping lebih banyak dilakukan dan memiliki pengaruh lebih besar terhadap Post traumatic Growth pada remaja di Indonesia dibandingkan negative religious coping

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ABSTRACTTraumatic events may engender various outcomes in the life of individuals facing such events not excluding post traumatic growth After traumatic events individuals do a lot of things in order to recover one of them using religion as a source of coping This study examined the effects of religious coping measured with Brief RCOPE on post traumatic growth measured with PTGI Revised for Children and Adolescent The results carried out among 276 adolescents aged 13 19 years old in Indonesia showed that there was a positive and significant correlation found between positive religious coping and post traumatic growth r 0 460 p 0 01 Positive and significant correlation was also found between negative religious coping and post traumatic growth r 0 232 p 0 01 Further this study showed that positive religious coping was used more and a stronger predictor of post traumatic growth on Indonesian adolescents than negative religious coping "

"Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya ditemukan terdapat populasi signifikan orang dewasa awal yang mengalami jerawat sejak pubertas dan memiliki ideasi bunuh diri. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menginvestigasi hubungan antara ideasi bunuh diri Post-traumatic Growth (PTG) pada dewasa awal di Indonesia yang mengalami perubahan fisik karena kondisi kulit dengan jerawat persisten sejak remaja. Studi ini melibatkan 128 partisipan berusia 18–29 tahun dan menemukan bahwa dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% dapat dikatakan terdapat hubungan negatif, yakni sebesar 0,28, antara skor ideasi bunuh diri dan skor PTG. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan skor ideasi bunuh diri akan diikuti oleh pengurangan skor PTG.

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Based on research, there is a significant population of emerging adults who experienced acne since their puberty. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the role of Post-traumatic Growth (PTG) in suicidal ideation among emerging adults in Indonesia who have experienced physical changes due to persistent acne since adolescence. This study involved 128 participants aged 18-29 years old and found that at a significance level of 5%, there was a negative correlation of 0.280 between suicidal ideation scores and PTG scores. Thus, the results of this study indicate that an increase in suicidal ideation scores will be followed by a reduction in PTG scores."