Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penerapan rheraplay diberikan kepada anak laki-laki berusia 5.5 tahun dengan Reactive Attachment Disorder Inhibited Type, yaitu anak yang secara persisten gagal memulai atau rnerespon dengan cam yang tepat pada kcbanyakan interaksi sosial. Tujuan dari intervensi adalah mengctahui pengamh penerapan rheraplay terhadap hubungan antara orangtua dan anak dengan Reactive Attachment Disorder. Penerapan scsi theraplay yang berlangsung selama dua bulan dilakukan dalam rangkaian dua scsi asesmen pre-test, sembilan sesi theraplay, dan satu scsi post-test untuk melihat perubahan kuaiitas hubungan antam orangtua dan anak. Setelah theraplay selesai dilakukan, terlihat ada peningkatan kualitas hubungan antara orangtuadananak.Orangt\1alebihnampakmemahami tingkahlakuanakdan rnenyadari pentingnya peran orangtua dalam hubungan orangiua dengan anak dan pengaruhuya terhadap rasa tidak aman yang ada dalam diri anak. Anak menjadi lebih terbuka dalam mcnerirna kegiatan yang membuatnya tentram dan nyaman; dan lebih dapat mengikuti aturan dan batasan yang diberikan oleh orangtua dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelumnya. Beberapa satan yang dapaf dibexikan antara Iain: Ibu memperbanyak waktu berkualitas dengan anak dau mmgisinya dengan interaksi yang telah diperkenalkan dalam sesi theraplay orangtua meme:-iksa kegiatan rutin yang hams dilakukan secara konsisten oleh anak, dan diadakannya konseling pemikahan ataupun theraplay bagi Ayah dan Ibu

---

Theraplay treatment was given for a 5.5 year old boy with Reactive Attachment Disorder Inhibited Type, whom persistenly fails to initiate and to respond appropriately in most social interactions. The aim of intervention is to know how theraplay influencing the relationship between the child and his caretakers. The theraplay treatment carried out for two months andconsists of twelve sessions sequenee;which is two sessions of pre-test assesment., nine sessions of theraplay treatment, and one session of posttest. Posttest session was held to see the change of attachment quality in the relationship between the parent and the child. After the theraplay treatment had been given, there was enhancement of attachment quality in the relationship between thc parent and the child. The parent could understand her child better. Furthermore, the parent had an increased awareness about the importance of panent?s role in making a relationship with a good quality of attachment with their children. Parents also now understand how insecure attachment developed. After the treatment, the child was more at ease when taking nurturing activities. Moreover, the child followed the structured activity while being in his parents control better compared to when he had not in the theraplay treatment. Some suggestions that was given are: having more quality time between the parent and the child by using the theraplay dimension activities, the parent should consistently checking the child's routine activities, and referring marriage counseling or theraplay for the parents."

"Theraplay merupakan suatu intervensi yang berdasarkan pada teori attachment dan bertujuan untuk mcningkatkan hubungan yang positif antara anak dau pengasuh. Terdapat empat dimensi dalam theraplay, yaitu structuring, engaging, challenging, dan nurlming. Theraplay antara lain dapat diterapkan pada anak yang agresifl mengalami ADHD, atau mengaiami maltreatment. Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, theraplay dibenkan kepada anak Iaki-laki berusia 7 tahun yang mengalami Child Mallreatmenl dari kedua orangtua, herupa physical abuse dan emotional abuse. Berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya, fheraplay terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan interaksi positif antara orangtua dan anak yang mengalarni child maltreatment. Penerapan sesi theraplay yang berlangsung selama tiga bulan dilakukan dalam rangkaian dua scsi pre-intervention assessmen! menggunakan Marschak Interaction Method, scpuluh scsi llzeraplqv, dan satu sesi post-intervention assessmen: untuk melihat perubahan kualitas hubungan antara orangtua dan anak. Setelah mengikuti theraplay, Frekuensi Ibu dalam melakukan emotional abuse dan physical abuse menjadi berkurang. [bu merasa hubungannya dengan anak menjadi lebih baik dan Iebih menyenangkan.

---

Theraplay is an intervention which based on attachment theory. The main focus of this therapy is to develop and enhance relationship between caregiver and child. There are four dimensions on theraplay: structuring, engaging, challenging, and nurturing. Theraplay can be applied in many cases, such as on aggresive child, child with ADHD, or child who experiences maltreatment.

In this final project, theraplay was given for a 7 years old boy, who had been maltreated by his parents, physically and emotionally. Based on previous researches, theraplay is proven success to improve parent child interaction for children who had been maltreated by their parents.

The theraplay treatment carried out for thrcc months and consists of three sequences, which are pre-intervention assessment using Marschack Interaction Method, ten sessions of theraplay intervention, and post-intervention assessment using Marschack Interaction Method. Post-intervention assessment was held to see the change of quality in the relationship between the parent and the child. After the theraplay treatment had been given, the Eequency of physical and emotional maltreatment, decrease, and positive interaction between mother and child was established. "

"ABSTRAKAnak memiliki regulasi diri yang baik apabila ia mampu mengendalikan tindakannya. Pada usia prasekolah, kemampuan regulasi diri diharapkan sudah dikuasai oleh anak agar bisa berfungsi lebih baik pada kehidupan sehari-hari khususnya lingkungan sosial. Jika kemampuan ini terhambat, maka anak dapat menunjukkan berbagai permasalahan khususnya masalah perilaku dan menghambat berbagai aspek kehidupannya. Beberapa studi menemukan bahwa masalah regulasi dapat diminimalisir sedini mungkin melalui attachment yang positif dengan pengasuhnya. Sikap sensitif dan responsif orangtua berkontribusi terhadap secure attachment anak yang berdampak pada perkembangan regulasi dirinya. Pada kasus B, yang berusia 4 tahun 1 bulan, ia memiliki masalah regulasi diri sekaligus attachment dengan orangtua. Dalam menangani kasus tersebut, pada penelitian ini theraplay digunakan dengan melibatkan orangtua. Penelitian ini menggunakan single-case design. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan theraplay efektif dalam menangani masalah regulasi diri pada B yang terlihat dari perubahan perilaku B dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, penurunan skor perilaku pada profil CBCL, dan perubahan positif pada interaksi orangtua anak yang dilihat secara kualitatif dari MIM.

---

ABSTRACT

Children have a good self-regulation if he is able to control his actions. At preschool age, the ability of self-regulation is expected to be mastered by the child to function better in everyday life, especially social context. If this ability is hampered, then the child can indicate a variety of problems, especially problems of behavior and inhibit various aspects of life. Some studies found that regulatory issues can be minimized as early as possible through a positive attachment with a caregiver. Sensitive and responsive attitude of the parents contribute to the child's secure attachment which affect the development of the self-regulation itself. In the case of B, aged 4 years and 1 month, he has a problem with self-regulation at the same attachment parenting. In dealing with such cases, theraplay used in this study by involve parents. This study uses a single-case design. Results from this study indicate that the application of theraplay effective in addressing the problem of self-regulation in B seen from the behavior changes in everyday life, decrease behavioral scores on CBCL profile, and positive changes in parent-child interactions are seen qualitatively from MIM."

"Theraplay digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah insecure attachment yang termanifestasi melalui perilaku oposisi pada anak usia 5 tahun dengan diagnosis oppositional defiant disorder. Subyek mendapatkan pengalaman baru yang lebih positif, responsif, dan menyenangkan melalui aktivitas bermain dalam sesi theraplay bersama dengan peneliti. Aktivitas bermain disusun berdasarkan dimensi-dimensi yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan subyek yang tergambar dari hasil MIM awal yaitu beberapa aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh ibu dan subyek. Interaksi menyenangkan yang awalnya tercipta antara peneliti dan subyek, kemudian berusaha dibentuk antara ibu dan subyek. Pelaksanaan treatment dilakukan dalam 9 sesi yang berlangsung ± 45 menit dalam setiap sesinya. Hasil dari treatment ini adalah subyek merasa lebih secure yang terlihat dari perubahan perilaku ke arah yang lebih positif yaitu patuh terhadap figur otoritas dan terdapat penurunan frekuensi serta intensitas dalam perilaku memukul ketika marah. Subyek sudah lebih mudah ditenangkan ketika marah dan hanya menampilkan perilaku memukul ketika merasa terganggu oleh lingkungannya. Ibu juga merasa lebih nyaman ketika berinteraksi dengan subyek dan merasa lebih dekat dengan subyek.

---

Theraplay is applied to handle the problem of insecure attachment which manifests through behaviors in children aged 5 years with oppositional defiant disorder diagnosis. Subject get a new experience of subjects that are more positive, responsive, and fun through play activities in the theraplay session along with researchers.

Activity in the theraplay arranged by dimensions which made based on the needs of the subjects that are reflected from MIM result from the activities that done by mothers and subjects. Fun interaction that originally created between researchers and the subjects, then tried to be formed between mother and subjects. Implementation of the treatment is done in 9 sessions that lasted 45 minutes in each session.

Results of this treatment are subject feel more secure in sight of behavior change toward more positive that is obedient to authority figures and there is a decrease in frequency and intensity in the behavior of hitting when angry. The subject is more easily soothed when angry and displays hitting behavior only when he was annoyed by their surroundings. Mother of the subject also feel more comfortable when interacting with the subject and feel closer to the subject."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini difokuskan untuk melihat penerapan CBT dalam meningkatkan keterampilan regulasi emosi pada anak usia sekolah dengan reactive attachment disorder (RAD). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian single-case dengan menggunakan teknik pretest-posttest. Subjek adalah anak perempuan berusia 10 tahun yang telah didiagnosa dengan RAD dan memiliki kesulitan dalam meregulasi emosi. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi melalui observasi, wawancara, dan penggunaan skala perilaku CBCL dan DERS. Sebelum program intervensi diberikan, subjek memiliki pemikiran maladaptif, keterampilan regulasi emosi yang kurang berkembang sesuai dengan usianya, serta memperlihatkan masalah perilaku internalizing seperti menarik diri dan cemas/depresi, masalah sosial, serta masalah pikiran. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan regulasi emosi dan mampu merubah pemikiran maladaptif pada anak. Hal tersebut terlihat dari meningkatnya keterampilan regulasi terutama dalam mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi, dan menyalurkan emosi, serta menurunnya masalah perilaku internalizing, sosial, dan pemikiran. Subjek juga menunjukkan pemikiran yang lebih positif berkaitan dengan emosi.

---

ABSTRACTThis study examined the application of CBT in order to enhance emotion regulation skill in school-aged children with reactive attachment disorder. The research was conducted using single-case experimental design with pretest-posttest technique. Subject of the study is a ten-year-old female student who has been diagnosed with reactive attachment disorder and has difficulty in regulating her emotions. Measurements were taken before and after intervention program through interviews, observation, and behavior scale such as CBCL, and self report such as DERS. Before interventions were conducted, subject was unable to identify; understand or describe her own emotions and also tend to bury her emotions and feelings, particularly anger and sadness; and exhibit internalizing behavior such as withdrawan and anxious/depressed; social problems; and thought problems. Subject also appeared to have maladaptive thoughts which refer to a belief that she should not have negative emotions and children who express their emotions are bad and spoil children. The results of this study indicate that CBT is effective in order to improve the emotion regulation skill and to change cognitive distortion on children. It can be seen from the ability to regulate subject‟s emotions, especially to identifying, evaluating, and using emotion regulation strategies that have significantly improved as well as decreasing in internalizing behavior, social, and thought problems. The findings from the evaluations of the intervention also show the changes in cognitive distortions about her emotion and improve positive thinking related to emotions."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang penerapan Theraplay pada anak usia prasekolah yang mengalami Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif single-case design yang melibatkan anak dan orangtua. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa intervensi Theraplay efektif dalam menangani GAD pada anak usia pra-sekolah. Efektivitas Theraplay dalam menangani GAD terlihat dari beberapa gejala GAD yang tidak lagi muncul setelah intervensi, seperti ketegangan otot dan kesulitan tidur. Selain itu, tingkat kecemasan juga menurun setelah intervensi sehingga anak tidak lagi mengalami kecemasan yang mengganggu fungsi adaptif di rumah, sekolah, dan lingkungan sosial. Setelah intervensi ia lebih mampu mengelola kecemasannya, menerima pengalaman baru secara lebih positif, dan memiliki fungsi adaptif yang lebih baik. Melalui intervensi Theraplay, terjadi peningkatan kualitas interaksi antara ibu dan anak sehingga attachment antara ibu dan anak menjadi lebih positif. Interaksi antara anak dan orangtua yang semakin positif mengubah internal working model (IWM) anak sehingga kepercayaan diri anak meningkat. Selain itu, perubahan IWM juga menjadikan cara pandang anak terhadap lingkungan dan dunia sekitarnya lebih positif. Hal ini berdampak pada penurunan skor internalizing scale dan peningkatan fungsi adaptif dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

---

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectivity of Theraplay on preschool children with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). This study uses a qualitative single-case design which involves a child and his parent. Results show that Theraplay is an effective intervention for a preschooler with GAD. Several GAD symptoms were no longer present after the intervention, specifically muscle tension and sleeping problem. Furthermore, the level of anxiety also decreased to a point where the child no longer experienced excessive and uncontrollable anxiety which intervered with her adaptive functioning at home, school, and other social environments. After the intervention, she is more able to manage her anxiety, perceive new experiences more positively, and has improved adaptive functions. Through Theraplay, the quality of interaction between the mother and child evidently increased in that the attachment between them became more positive. The improved interaction between the parent and child shifted the internal working model (IWM) so that the child's self-esteem increased. Moreover, this shift in IWM also positively influenced the child`s perspective of looking at her environment. This in turn resulted in a decrease in internalizing scores and an increase in daily adaptive functioning."

"Kualitas dari interaksi orangtua dan anak memegang peran penting dalam perkembangan attachment yang secure pada anak. Tesis dengan desain penelitian single-case ini menggunakan theraplay untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari interaksi orangtua dan anak sekaligus mengatasi insecure attachment. Partisipan penelitian adalah anak perempuan berusia tujuh tahun dengan karakteristik insecure attachment dan didiagnosis mengalami parent-child relational problems. Sesi terapi dilakukan sebanyak sembilan sesi selama ±30-40 menit setiap sesinya. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah penerapan theraplay efektif meningkatkan relasi orangtua dan anak secara positif, sekaligus membangun secure attachment pada anak. Perubahan positif pada interaksi orangtua dan anak teramati melalui tiga dimensi dalam MIM: (1) engagement, (2) nurture, (3) challenge. Selain itu, hasil dari CBCL juga menunjukkan perubahan perilaku anak yang terukur pada skala somatic complaints dan delinquent behavior.

---

Quality of parent-child interaction plays a very important factor in the development of secure attachment in children. This thesis examined the effectiveness of theraplay to improve the quality of parent-child interaction using a single-case research design. A seven-year old Indonesian girl with insecure style of attachment and is diagnosed of having parent-child relational problems was selected to participate in this study. The study was conducted for a total of nine sessions, and each session was conducted for approximately 30-40 minutes.

The results indicated that theraplay was found to effective in improving positive parent-child relation and in developing secure attachment. As parent-child interaction improved, that were measured from three dimensions? MIM between parent and child increased: (1) engagement; (2) nurture; (3) challenge. The results of CBCL also indicated that the participant?s scores on somatic complaints and delinguent behavior scales were decreased as well."

"ABSTRAKAnak dengan ADHD diketahui memiliki defisit dalam regulasi diri dan menampilkan perilaku impulsif. Adanya hambatan dalam meregulasi diri membuatnya kesulitan untuk secara sadar mengatur serta mengendalikan emosi, pikiran, dan tubuhnya untuk berperilaku sesuai dengan situasi yang dihadapi. Hal ini yang membuat anak dengan ADHD sulit diatur, cenderung menarik diri, menampilkan perilaku agresif, dan memiliki masalah sosial, baik dengan teman maupun keluarga. Orangtua dengan anak ADHD cenderung tidak merespon secara tepat kebutuhan anak, memiliki kontrol yang berlebihan, kurang memberikan pujian, dan kurang interaktif pada anaknya, sehingga terbentuklah insecure attachment pada anak dengan ADHD. Terbentuknya insecure attachment dapat memperparah masalah regulasi diri pada anak ADHD. Hal serupa terjadi pada N, anak ADHD berusia 6 tahun yang memiliki insecure attachment dengan orangtua. Salah satu intervensi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah regulasi diri pada N adalah Theraplay. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Theraplay efektif dalam menangani masalah regulasi pada N dan merubah pola interaksi N dengan orangtua menjadi lebih positif

---

ABSTRACTChildren with ADHD are known to have deficits in self-regulation and shown impulsive behavior. Difficulties to do self-regulation makes it difficult to consciously manage and control emotion, mind, and body in order to behave accordingly to the situation. This things that makes children with ADHD tend to withdraw, displaying aggressive behavior, and have social problems, either with friends or family. Parents with ADHD children tend not to respond the needs of their children properly, have excessive control, failed to give appreciation, and less interactive with children, thus forming insecure attachment with ADHD children. Insecure attachment may worsening the self-regulation in children with ADHD. Something similar happened to N, 6 years old children with ADHD who have insecure attachment with the parents. One of the interventions that can be used to overcome the problem of self-regulation with N is Theraplay. The results of this study indicate that Theraplay is effective in dealing with regulatory issues at the N and also N change his patterns of interaction with his parents to become more positive."