Abstrak :

 

ABSTRAK

 

Nama	:	Tedi Gunawan
Program Studi	:	Pascasarjana Ilmu Manajemen
Judul	:	Peran Work Engagement dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Workplace Fun Terhadap Employee Voice Behavior
Pembimbing	:	Ir. Aryana Satrya, M.M., Ph.D.

 

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji peran work engagement dalam memediasi pengaruh workplace fun terhadap employee voice behavior. Data diperoleh dari 209 responden yang bekerja pada industri farmasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Lisrel 8.7, diketahui bahwa work engagement berperan dalam memediasi pengaruh workplace fun terhadap employee voice behavior. Sebagai tambahan, ditemukan bahwa semua jenis workplace fun yang terdiri dari fun activities, coworker socializing dan manager support for fun berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap work engagement, namun hanya coworker socializing yang berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap constructive voice behavior dan hanya coworker socializing dan manager support for fun yang berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap destructive voice behavior

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ABSTRACT

 

Nama	:		Tedi Gunawan
Study Program	:	Graduate School of Management
Title	:	The Mediating Role of Work Engagement on The Relationship Between Workplace Fun and Employee Voice Behavior
Counsellor	:	Ir. Aryana Satrya, M.M., Ph.D.

 

This study examines the role of work engagement as a mediator between workplace fun and employee voice behavior. Data was collected form 209 respondents who worked at pharmaceutical industry. Based on the data analyzed by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) Lisrel 8.7, work engagement was found to mediate the relationship between workplace fun and employee voice behavior. In addition, each of the three forms of workplace fun which consists of fun activities, coworker socializing and manager support for fun were demonstrated to be significantly and positively related to work engagement. However, only coworker socializing which significantly and positively related to constructive voice behavior and only coworker socializing and manager support for fun which significantly and negatively related to destructive voice behavior.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji faktor individual (power distance orientation) dan kontekstual (perceived organizational support) yang mempengaruhi voice behavior. Penelitian menggunakan metode online survey menggunakan google form pada 103 karyawan yang berada di daerah DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya menggunakan alat ukur dengan reliabilitas antara 0,77–0,81. Hasil analisis moderated regression menunjukkan bahwa: (1) power distance orientation berpengaruh negatif terhadap voice behavior, (2) terdapat peran penting perceived organizational support sebagai moderator untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara power distance orientation dengan voice behavior. Perceived organizational support berperan dalam memperlemah hubungan negatif antara power distance orientation dengan voice behavior. Model penelitian ini menjelaskan 38% terbentuknya voice behavior. Perceived organizational support tinggi menjadi faktor signifikan dalam memperkuat karyawan dengan power distance orientation rendah untuk semakin menunjukkan voice behavior. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada interaksi antara power distance orientation, perceived organizational support, dan voice behavior.

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This study aims to examine individual (power distance orientation) and contextual (perceived organizational support) factors that affect voice behavior. The study utilized online survey method using google form on 103 employees in DKI Jakarta and its surrounding areas using a measuring instrument with reliability between 0.77-0.81. The results of moderated regression analysis show that: (1) power distance orientation has a negative effect on voice behavior, (2) perceived organizational support as a moderator has important role in explaining the relationship between power distance orientation and voice behavior. Perceived organizational support dampens the negative relationship between power distance orientation and voice behavior. This research model explains 38% of the formation of voice behavior. High perceived organizational support is a significant factor in strengthening employees with low power distance orientation to increasingly show voice behavior. This research contributes to the interaction between power distance orientation, perceived organizational support and voice behavior.

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Penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan hubungan yang lemah antara kepemimpinan yang memberdayakan dan perilaku berpendapat yang mengindikasikan adanya mekanisme psikologis di antara kedua variabel. Menggunakan trait activation theory, penelitian ini menginvestigasi otonomi kerja dan kepribadian proaktif sebagai mediator serial pada hubungan antara kepemimpinan yang memberdayakan dan perilaku berpendapat. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan secara convenience sampling dengan menyebarkan kuesioner daring kepada responden yang bekerja di perusahaan berbasis teknologi dan kesehatan / biofarmasi (N = 155). Analisis data dilakukan dengan software SPSS versi 25 menggunakan Hayes' PROCESS Macro model 6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran mediasi otonomi kerja dan kepribadian proaktif secara signifikan dan berurutan pada hubungan antara kepemimpinan yang pemberdayaan dan perilaku berpendapat. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah efektivitas penggunaan Trait Activation Theory dalam menjelaskan mekanisme psikologis pada perilaku berpendapat pada karyawan. Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini adalah organisasi dapatmemberikan pelatihan kepada para manajer untuk dapat menampilkan kepemimpinan yang memberdayakan karena gaya kepemimpinan ini memberikan kebebasan bagi karyawan untuk menentukan cara mereka bekerja dan mengaktifkan trait kepribadian yang spesifik bagi peningkatan perilaku berpendapat pada karyawan. ......Past research related empowering leadership and voice behavior shows weak relationship. It indicates the presence of psychological mechanism that emerge to explain these variables. The purpose of this study is to investigate the serial mediation of this relationship by using Trait Activation Theory. Convenience sampling technique is used by distributing online questionnaire to employee who work in technology-based company and health / biopharmaceutical industry (N = 155). The analysis is performed using SPSS software version 25 with Hayes' PROCESS Macro model 6. The analysis indicates job autonomy and proactive personality significantly mediates the relationship between empowering leadership and voice behavior respectively. This research gives theoretical implication for the application of Trait Activation Theory to illustrate the psychological mechanism of empowering leadership and employee voice behavior. For practical implication, organization can implement development program for managers to exhibit empowering leadership in workplace because this leadership style provides flexibility for employee to determine how they work and activate specific personality trait for increasing employee voice behavior.

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Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepemimpinan inklusif terhadap perilaku berpendapat karyawan yang dimediasi oleh persepsi keamanan psikologis dan dimoderasi oleh kepercayaan pada manajemen. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh sebanyak 218 partisipan karyawan dengan metode convenience sampling yang disebar secara online pada berbagai platform komunikasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji korelasi dan uji analisis dengan model moderated-mediation. Hasil penelitian menyatakan, pertama, kepemimpinan inklusif berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku berpendapat. Kedua, penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa persepsi keamanan psikologis berperan sebagai mediator hubungan antara kepemimpinan inklusif dan perilaku berpendapat. Selanjutnya, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan pada manajemen tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi hubungan kepemimpinan inklusif dengan persepsi keamanan psikologis. Terakhir, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan pada manajemen tidak signifikan dalam memoderasi peran mediasi terhadap hubungan kepemimpinan inklusif dan perilaku berpendapat. Sebagai implikasi praktis dari hasil penelitian ini, organisasi dapat memberikan pelatihan kepemimpinan inklusif kepada para manajer. ......This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of inclusive leadership on employee voice behavior that is mediated by psychological safety and moderated by trust in management. This study was followed by 218 Indonesian employees with a convenience sampling method. The analysis of this study included a correlation test and analysis moderated-mediation model. The results of the study stated, first, inclusive leadership has a positive significant effect on employee voice behavior. Second, this study proves that psychological safety mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and voice behavior. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that trust in management was not significant in moderating the relationship of inclusive leadership with perceptions of psychological security. Finally, this study shows that trust in management is not significant in moderating the mediating role of the relationship between inclusive leadership and opinion behavior. As a practical implication of the results of this study, organizations can provide inclusive leadership training to managers.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan antara voice efficacy dan psychological safety dengan employee voice behavior dengan persepsi bawahan terhadap perilaku etis atasan sebagai moderator. Employee voice behavior diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur dari Van Dyne dan LePine (1998), psychological safety diukur dengan alat ukur yang dikembangkan oleh Edmondson (1999), dan persepsi bawahan terhadap perilaku etis atasan diukur melalui Ethical Leadership Scale (Brown, Treviño, & Harrison, 2005). Hasil analisis menggunakan 244 data peer-report employee voice behavior dari sampel penelitian yaitu karyawan level pelaksana di Direktorat Jenderal Y menunjukkan bahwa voice efficacy berhubungan dengan employee voice behavior (𝛽=0,139;𝑝<0,05). Akan tetapi penelitian ini tidak menemukan dukungan bahwa psychological safety berhubungan dengan employee voice behavior (𝛽=0,006;𝑝>0,05) maupun efek moderasi persepsi bawahan terhadap perilaku etis atasan pada hubungan antara voice efficacy dan employee voice behavior (𝛽=−0,108;𝑝>0,05) . Sebanyak 7,3% varians dari employee voice behavior dapat dijelaskan oleh model penelitian ini. Dari segi teoretis, penelitian ini menyarankan untuk mengadakan penelitian longitudinal dan mengontrol variabel lain yang berhubungan dengan employee voice behavior. Dari segi manajerial, penelitian ini memberikan saran kepada manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dengan membuat desain organisasi maupun coaching yang dapat meningkatkan employee voice behavior karyawan di dalam organisasi.

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ABSTRACT
This study investigates the relationship between voice efficacy and psychological safety with employee voice behavior and the role of subordinate perceptions of supervisor’s ethical behavior as a moderator to voice efficacy- employee voice behavior relationship. Employee voice behavior was measured using the scale developed by Van Dyne and LePine (1998), psychological safety was measured by scale developed by Edmondson’s (1999), and subordinate perceptions of supervisor’s ethical leadership was measured using Ethical Leadership Scale (Brown, Treviño, & Harrison, 2005). The analysis using 244 peer-reported employee voice behavior data from Direktorat Jenderal Y shows that voice efficacy is related to employee voice behavior (𝛽=0,139;𝑝<0,05). The results also show that there is no relationship between psychological safety and employee voice behavior(𝛽=0,006;𝑝>0,05), neither the subordinate perceptions of supervisor’s ethical behavior moderates relationship between voice efficacy and employee voice behavior (𝛽=−0,108;𝑝>0,05). Moreover, 7,3% variance of employee voice behavior can be explained by the research model. From the theoretical side, this research suggests future research to consider longitudinal design and controlling for more employee voice behavior related factors. From the managerial side, this research suggests the Human Resource Management to establish the organization design and coaching that enables employee voice behavior., This study investigates the relationship between voice efficacy and psychological safety with employee voice behavior and the role of subordinate perceptions of supervisor’s ethical behavior as a moderator to voice efficacy- employee voice behavior relationship. Employee voice behavior was measured using the scale developed by Van Dyne and LePine (1998), psychological safety was measured by scale developed by Edmondson’s (1999), and subordinate perceptions of supervisor’s ethical leadership was measured using Ethical Leadership Scale (Brown, Treviño, & Harrison, 2005). The analysis using 244 peer-reported employee voice behavior data from Direktorat Jenderal Y shows that voice efficacy is related to employee voice behavior (𝛽=0,139;𝑝<0,05). The results also show that there is no relationship between psychological safety and employee voice behavior(𝛽=0,006;𝑝>0,05), neither the subordinate perceptions of supervisor’s ethical behavior moderates relationship between voice efficacy and employee voice behavior (𝛽=−0,108;𝑝>0,05). Moreover, 7,3% variance of employee voice behavior can be explained by the research model. From the theoretical side, this research suggests future research to consider longitudinal design and controlling for more employee voice behavior related factors. From the managerial side, this research suggests the Human Resource Management to establish the organization design and coaching that enables employee voice behavior.]

Abstrak :
Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan korelasi kecil pada  hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif dan kreativitas karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki peran mediasi perilaku menyuarakan pendapat dalam hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif dan kreativitas karyawan berdasarkan pendekatan trait activation theory. Survei dilakukan terhadap 289 karyawan dan 24 supervisor yang bekerja di divisi marketing dari 7 organisasi (manufaktur, perbankan, layanan fasilitas, dan ritel) di Indonesia. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan self-report untuk variabel prediktor dan supervisor-rating untuk variabel kriterion. Analisis mediasi sederhana menggunakan macro PROCESS dari Hayes pada program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek utama dari kepribadian proaktif pada kreativitas tidak signifikan. Selanjutnya, perilaku suara secara signifikan memediasi hubungan antara kepribadian proaktif dan kreativitas karyawan. Efek tidak langsung dari kepribadian proaktif pada kreativitas melalui perilaku suara signifikan. Implikasi teoretis dan praktis dari studi ini dibahas lebih lanjut. ......Previous research found small correlation on the relationship between  proactive personality and employee creativity. The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of voice behavior in the relationship between proactive personality and employee creativity based on trait activation theoretical approach. A survey was conducted on 289 employees and 24 supervisors who were working in marketing division from 7 organizations (manufacture, banking, service facility, and retail) in Indonesia. The simple mediation analysis used Hayes PROCESS macro on SPSS program. The results revealed that main effect of proactive personality on creativity was nonsignificant. Furthermore, voice behavior significantly mediated the relationship between proactive personality and employee creativity as the indirect effect of proactive personality on creativity via voice behavior was significant. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi peran moderasi managerial openness (keterbukaan atasan) terhadap hubungan power distance orientation (orientasi individu terhadap jarak kekuasaan atasan terhadap bawahan) dengan voice behavior (perilaku bersuara). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei kepada 102 orang bawahan di Bank XYZ Jakarta. Hasil moderated multiple regression menunjukkan bahwa power distance orientation berhubungan negatif dengan voice behavior (β = -0,16, p < 0,05), tetapi managerial openness memperlemah hubungan negatif tersebut. Artinya, managerial openness berperan sebagai moderator antara power distance orientation dengan voice behavior (β = 0,14, p < 0,05). Efek negatif power distance orientation terhadap voice behavior adalah sebesar 0,3 pada responden dengan managerial openness rendah, dan dapat berkurang menjadi 0 pada responden dengan managerial openness tinggi. Model yang dibangun menjelaskan 54% terjadinya voice behavior. Hasil ini sejalan dengan social exchange theory yang menjelaskan bahwa individu mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi hubungan dengan individu lain mempertimbangkan konsekuensi dan upaya yang telah dilakukannya dan yang didapat dari organisasinya. Riset ini berkontribusi dalam menjelaskan interaksi managerial openness dan power distance orientation terhadap voice behavior. ......This study aims to investigate the moderating role of managerial openness in the relation between power distance orientation (individual orientation towards superior power distance from subordinate) and voice behavior. The participants are 102 employees in the XYZ Bank Jakarta. Data is collected through online survey with scales reliability ranging from 0,72-0,87. Moderated multiple regression analysis shows that power distance orientation is negatively related to voice behavior (β=-0,16, p<0,05), however managerial openness dampens the negative relation between power distance orientation and voice behavior. Thus, managerial openness is a significant moderator of the relationship between power distance orientation and voice behavior (β=0,14, p<0,05). The negative power orientation effect of distance to voice behavior is 0,3 in respondents with low managerial openness, and can be reduced to 0 in respondents with high managerial openness. This model explains 54% of the construction of voice behavior. This result supports the social exchange theory which explains the tendency of individuals to respond or behave in accordance to their relationship with other people and to their evaluation of the consequences of their behaviors. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between power distance orientation and managerial openness in constructing voice behavior.