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"ABSTRAKPada proses produksi alas kaki, lem sering digunakan sebagai bahan perekat yang mengandung benzena. Benzena telah ditetapkan sebagai bahan karsinogen pada manusia dimana jalur pajanan utama melalui inhalasi.Pajanan benzena terhadap tubuh mempunyai dampak yang sangat buruk pada kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi tingkat risiko kesehatan pekerja menurut pajanan benzena udara di lingkungan kerja dan mengetahui gambaranintake non karsinogen dan intakekarsinogen pajanan benzena terhadap gejala gangguan pernapasan pekerja. Penelitian ini merupakan studi cross-sectional dan pendekatan analisis risiko pada pekerja di empat industri alas kaki informal di Desa Pagelaran, Ciomas, Bogor pada Agustus ndash; September 2017. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 pekerja yang diperoleh dengan metode purposif sampling. Sampel udara sebanyak 12 titik untuk mengukur konsentrasi benzena di dalam ruang kerja yang diukur dengan alat perangkap udara dan instrument Gas Chromatography GC . Data pekerja diperoleh melalui wawancara, pengukuran tinggi badan denganmicrotoise dan berat badan menggunakan alat timbangan. Hasil penelitian menujukkan 21pekerja memiliki risiko kanker ECR>1?10-4 dan11 pekerjamemiliki risiko non kanker real time RQ

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ABSTRACTIn the production process of footwear, glue is often used as an adhesive material containing benzene. Benzene has been established as a carcinogenic substance in humans where the main exposure pathway is through inhalation. Benzene exposure to the body has a very bad impact on healtuat h. This study aims to estimate the level of occupational health risk by exposure to benzene in the work place and to know the scope of non carcinogenic intake and carcinogen intake of benzene exposure against respiratory symptoms. This study uses cross sectional study design and risk analysis approaches to workers in four informal footwear industries located in Pagelaran, Ciomas, Bogor in August to September 2017. The total sample is 96 workers obtained by purposive sampling method. Air samples of 12 points to measure benzene concentrations in the workspace as measured by air trapping device and Gas Chromatography GC instrument. Workers data obtained through interviews, measurements of height with microtoise and weight using the instrument weighing scale. The results showed 21 workers had cancer risk ECR 1 10 4 and 11 workers had non cancer risk real time RQ "

"Gangguan pencernaan merupakan isu global dengan hasil  studi epidemiologi lebih dari 40% orang diseluruh dunia mengalami gangguan pencernaan. Salah satu faktor diet yang berhubungan dengan gangguan pencernaan yaitu jenis makanan yang dikonsumsi. Masyarakat Minahasa memiliki kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan berempah dan pedas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara mengonsumsi makanan minahasa berempah dan pedas dengan gejala gangguan pencernaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang melibatkan 212 sampel berusia 18-60 tahun yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah dikontrol dengan variabel perancu, terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi makanan berempah dan pedas dengan gejala gangguan pencernaan (nilai p 0.015<0.05) OR 2.523 (95% CI: 1.197-5.319). Pasien yang mengonsumsi makanan berempah dan pedas berisiko 2.523 kali mengalami gejala gangguan pencernaan. Peneliti merekomendasikan perawat untuk melakukan asuhan keperawatan secara komperhensif sebagai educator dan fasilitator untuk mengoptimalkasn kesehatan masyarakat yang mengonsumsi makanan berempah dan pedas serta faktor lainnya yang berisiko  dengan gejala gangguan pencernaan. Bagi pelayanan kesehatan dan pemerintah daerah dapat menyusun rencana strategi dalam upaya pencegahan maupun penanganan gangguan pencernaan terkait konsumsi makanan berempah dan pedas dengan tetap melestarikan kekhasan budaya setempat.

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Gastrointestinal disorders are a global issue with the epidemiology study results of more than 40% of people around the world experiencing digestive disorders. A dietary factor associated with indigestion is the type of food consumed. Minahasa people habitually consume spicy foods. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between consuming spicy Minahasan food and symptoms of indigestion. This study was a cross-sectional study involving 212 samples aged 18-60 years who complied with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consecutive sampling technique was used. After control for confounding variables, there was an association between consuming spicy foods and gastrointestinal symptoms (p value 0.015<0.05) OR 2.523 (95% CI: 1.197-5.319). Patients who consume spicy foods are at risk of 2.523 times to experience gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, Researchers recommend nurses to provide comprehensive nursing care as educators and facilitators to optimize the health of people who consume spicy foods and other risk factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. For health services and government can establish a strategic plan in preventing and treating gastrointestinal disorders related to the consumption of spicy food while preserving the characteristics of local culture."

"ABSTRAKPenanganan medis atau farmakoterapi pada penderita skizofrenia mampu membantu mengendalikan simptom positif seperti delusi dan halusinasi. Walaupun begitu, penanganan medis belum bisa menangani simptom negatif pada penderita skizofrenia. Pada penderita skizofrenia, mengungkapkan atau mengekspresikan pikiran dan emosi secara verbal merupakan hal yang sangat sulit. Jika mereka tidak dapat mengekspresikan emosi dan pikirannya, mereka tidak memiliki jalan untuk menyalurkan tekanan-tekanan yang mereka alami. Aspek-aspek seperti pikiran dan emosi tidak dapat dibantu melalui farmakoterapi. Di sini lah fungsi terapi seni, yaitu untuk membantu pasien dalam mengekspresikan pikiran dan emosinya, serta membantu menstimulasi pasien dalam menyalurkan tekanan yang mereka miliki. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian one group only before and after study design. Enam orang partisipan dipilih sesuai dengan karakteristik subjek dan diberikan intervensi berupa terapi seni. Pengukuran dilakukan di dua minggu sebelum dan sesudah intervensi berlangsung. Program terapi seni dilakukan secara berkelompok sebanyak 5 sesi yang berlangsung selama 60-120 menit setiap sesi. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale PANSS digunakan untuk mengukur symptom negatif partisipan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Enam partisipan yang menerima terapi seni menunjukkan penurunan simptom negatif skizofrenia. Uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yang dilakukan menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada simptom negatif sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi seni dapat menurunkan simptom negatif pada penderita skizofrenia kronis.

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ABSTRACTAbstractRationale Medication or pharmacotherapy is a common intervention to help schizophrenic patient control positive symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. However, medication still incapable to decrease negative symptoms on individual with schizoprenia. Individual with schizoprenia often have difficulties in expressing their thoughts and feelings verbally. The process of art provides schizophrenic patient with a less problematic and more spontaneous means of communication to express their emotion. Furthermore, it also helps releasing their stress and tension. Objective This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of art therapy in decreasing negative symptoms on chronic schizophrenic outpatients in Indonesia. Methods A lsquo one group only before and after rsquo study design is being used. Six chronic schizophrenic outpatients received art therapy interventions as a group. This treatment consists of 5 sessions with each sessions lasting 60 120 minutes. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale PANSS is being used to specifically measure the patients rsquo negative symptoms. The measurement is being conducted twice, two weeks before and after intervention. Wilcoxon rsquo s signed rank test is being used to compare the differences between before and after intervention. Main Findings The result was revealed that the patients rsquo negative symptoms is significantly decreased after intervention. Conclusion Art therapy can decrease negative symptoms on chronic schizophrenic outpatient."

"ABSTRAKTujuan: Mengetahui keluhan-keluhan pasien kanker ginekologi dalam perawatan paliatif dan persentase masing-masing keluhan pasien kanker ginekologi dalam perawatan paliatif.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan melalui pembagian kuesioner Edmonton Symptom Assessment System ESAS yang telah dimodifikasi kepada seluruh pasien kanker serviks, kanker ovarium, dan kanker endometrium dalam perawatan paliatif di poli atau ruang perawatan Onkologi dan Ginekologi RSCM dan RSUP Fatmawati selama periode Maret-Juli 2017. Seluruh subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan setuju berpartisipasi direkrut dengan metode consecutive sampling. Subjek yang tidak dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik akan dieksklusi. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan SPSS versi 23.0 untuk Windows..Hasil: Terdapat 103 pasien kanker ginekologi yang termasuk dalam perawatan paliatif terdiri dari 50 pasien dengan kanker serviks, 50 kanker ovarium, dan 3 kanker endometrium. Pada pasien kanker serviks, keluhan paling banyak adalah kelelahan 56 , cemas 54 , kehilangan energi 52 dengan skor ESAS 4-6 sedang . Sementara itu, keluhan dengan skor ESAS 7-10 berat adalah nyeri 48 dan insomnia 46 . Pada pasien kanker ovarium, keluhan paling banyak adalah kelelahan 52 , lemah 48 , kehilangan energi 46 , cemas 44 , insomnia dan penurunan nafsu makan masing-masing 40 , nyeri dan anoreksia masing-masing 32 dengan skor ESAS 4-6 sedang . Sementara itu, keluhan mulut kering didapatkan pada 40 pasien dengan skor ESAS 1-3 ringan . Pada pasien kanker endometrium, keluhan paling banyak adalah kelelahan 66,7 dengan skor ESAS 4-6 sedang .Kesimpulan: Keluhan paling banyak dirasakan pada kanker ginekologi dalam perawatan paliatif adalah kelelahan, cemas, kehilangan energi, lemah, anoreksia, insomnia, dan nyeri.Kata Kunci: keluhan, kanker ginekologi, paliatif

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ABSTRACTAbstractObjective To know the symptoms profile of gynecological cancer patients in palliative care and the percentage of each gynecological cancer patient 39 s symptoms in palliative care.Method The cross sectional study was conducted through distributing questionnaires of the modified Edmonton Symptom Assessment System ESAS to all cervical, ovarian, endometrial cancer patients on palliative care at oncology gynecology outpatient clinic or inpatient in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and Fatmawati hospital from March to July 2017. All subjects participating were recruited by consecutive sampling. Subjects were excluded whether not communicate well. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows.Result There were 103 gynecological cancer patients consisting of 50, 50, and 3 patients of cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer contributively. In cervical cancer, a lot of patients complained fatigue 56 , anxiety 54 , and lack of energy 52 with ESAS score of 4 to 6 medium . ESAS score of 7 10 severe was shown by pain 48 and insomnia 46 . In ovarian cancer patients, most complaints were fatigue, weakness, lack of energy, anxiety, insomnia and loss of appetite, pain and anorexia as 52 , 48 , 46 , 44 , 40 , 40 , 32 respectively with ESAS score 4 6 medium . While dry mouth was found in 40 patients with ESAS score 1 3 mild . In endometrial cancer, the complaint was about fatigue 66.7 with ESAS score of 4 6 medium .Conclusion A lot of gynecologic cancer patients in palliative care complained fatigue, anxiety, lack of energy, weakness, anorexia, insomnia, and pain.Keywords symptoms, gynecological cancer, palliative care"

"Latar belakang: Gejala nonmotorik sangat umum ditemukan pada pasien dengan Parkinsonisme, dan bahkan dapat muncul sebelum onset gejala motorik. Gejala ini berpotensi memperburuk kualitas hidup pasien, tetapi sering kali terlewatkan pada pasien dengan Parkinsonisme dibandingkan gejala motoriknya. Interaksi berbagai faktor berperan penting dalam muncul dan beratnya gejala pada Parkinsonisme, salah satunya faktor demografis pasien. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan faktor demografis dengan gejala nonmotorik pasien dengan Parkinsonisme. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 50 pasien dengan Parkinsonisme di RSUP Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Faktor sosiodemografis yang diambil meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan, dan status pernikahan. Gejala nonmotorik diukur dengan kuesioner Movement Disoreder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Bagian I. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji t tidak berpasangan dan ANOVA, sedangkan regresi linear digunakan untuk analisis multivariat. Hasil: Karakteristik subjek penelitian mayoritas berusia 65 tahun (90%), laki-laki (56%), berpendidikan tinggi (50%), berpenghasilan Rp2.500.00 bersifat protektif terhadap beratnya gejala nonmotorik, sedangkan pendidikan rendah dan status sudah menikah meningkatkan beratnya gejala. Analisis tiap domain MDS-UPDRS Bagian I menemukan faktor usia berhubungan bermakna dengan gejala konstipasi; jenis kelamin berhubungan bermakna dengan nyeri; tingkat pendidikan berhubungan bermakna dengan halusinasi, depresi, gangguan tidur, dan konstipasi; tingkat pendapatan berhubungan bermakna dengan gangguan tidur dan pusing saat berdiri; serta status pernikahan berhubungan bermakna dengan gangguan tidur.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor demografis dengan beratnya gejala nonmotorik pada pasien dengan Parkinsonisme, terutama jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pendapatan, dan status pernikahan. Faktor demografis juga ditemukan berhubungan bermakna dengan domain gejala nonmotorik yang berbeda. Hasil studi ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perhatian terhadap gejala nonmotorik, serta memberikan data untuk pengobatan yang sifatnya terpersonalisasi terhadap faktor risiko sosiodemografis pasien dengan Parkinsonisme.

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Background: Nonmotor symptoms are commonly found in patients with Parkinsonism, and can even present itself before motor symptoms. These symptoms has the potential to impact patient's quality of life, yet are often overlooked in patients with Parkinsonism compared to its motor symptoms. Interaction of various factors play an important role in the appearance and severity of symptoms in Parkinsonism, one of which is patient sociodemographics factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between sociodemographic factors and nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinsonism.

Methods: This study was conducted on 50 patients with Parkinsonism at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital with a cross-sectional study design. Sociodemographic factors assessed include age, gender, income level, education level, and marital status. Nonmotor symptoms were measured using the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Part I) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis was performed using independent t test and ANOVA, while linear regression was used for multivariate analysis.

Results: Majority of research subjects were aged ≤65 years (90%), male (56%), highly educated (50%), income level Rp2.500.000 are protective against nonmotor symptoms, while lower education and married status increase nonmotor symptoms. Analysis of each domain of MDS-UPDRS Part I found that age was significantly associated with symptoms of constipation; gender is associated with pain; education is associated with hallucinations, depression, sleep disturbances, and constipation; income is associated with sleep disturbances and dizziness on standing; and marital status associated with symptoms of sleeping disturbance.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between sociodemographic factors and the severity of nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinsonism, especially gender, education level, income, and marital status. Demographic factors were also found to be significant with different domains of nonmotor symptoms. Results of this study are expected to increase attention to nonmotor symptoms, as well as provide data for personalized treatment based on sociodemographic risk factors in patients with Parkinsonism."

"Alarm symptoms for dyspepsia, such as anemia, evidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, weight loss, dysphagia, odynophagia and new onset at age > 50 years are associated with an increase risk of cancer. Most guidelines for the management of dyspepsia emphasize that patients with alarm symptoms should undergo aggressive evaluation including endoscopy.We reported a case of 65 years old female with several alarm symptoms that suggesting of malignancy, but endoscopy finding revealed gastroduodenitis erosive NSAID due to the pain killer herbal medicine use."

"Latar belakang : Terpajan pelarut organik merupakan kejadian sehari-hari yang dialami oleh banyak pekerja. Pelarut organik banyak digunakan dalam proses pembuatan alas kaki disektor formal maupun informal. Menurut beberapa penelitian beberapa jenis pelarut organik mempunyai sifat neurotoksik sehingga perlu deteksi gejala-gejala tersebut yang mungkin timbul pada para pekerja. Kuesioner Swedish Q16 adalah kuesioner deteksi dini yang paling sering digunakan untuk penupisan pekerja yang terpajan pelarut organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi gejala neurotoksik akibat pajanan pelarut organik menggunakan Kuesioner Swedish Q16, serta mengetahui beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi seperti : umur, pendidikan, masa kerja, status gizi, pemakaian APD, kebiasaan minum alkohol, merokok, cuci tangan, makan minum di tempat kerja dan hasil pemantauan kadar pelarut organik di lingkungan,kerja.Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross-sectional dengan subyek penelitian 138 orang pekerja alas kaki di sektor informal Ciomas Bogor. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan pengamatan langsung, sedangkan lingkungan kerja dilakukan dengan pengukuranpersonal sampling dan hasilnya diperiksa menggunakan teknik Gas Chromatography. Gejala neurotoksik dideteksi menggunakan kuesioner Swedish Q16. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan September-Oktaber 2006. Hasilnya diolah menggunakan program statistik SPSS 11,5.Hasil : Hasil identifikasi lem didapatkan lem kuning mengandung : toluen (45,3%), benzen (5,18%) dan metil etil keton (18,68%), lem putih mengandung : toluen (41,31%), benzen (3,52%) dan aseton (19,24%). Kadar toluen di lingkungan kerja rata-rata 1,12 ppm, tertinggi 2,48 ppm dan terendah 0,33 ppm. Keluhan terbanyak kesemutan (62,3%), sakit kepala (62,3%), mudah Ietih (56,5%). Prevalensi gejala neurotoksik pads subyek penelitian sebesar 55,8%. Pada analisis bivariat faktor umur, masa kerja dan IMT memiliki hubungan bermakna terhadap terjadinya gejala neurotoksik. Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat didapatkan umur < 28 tahun memiliki risiko 6 kali lipat untuk mengalami gejala neurotoksik. (p = 0,000; OR = 6,235). Penieriksaan finger tapping test dilakukan secara sub sampling pada 53 subyek dan dipemleh basil tidak normal pada tangan kanan 47,2% dan tangan kiri 43,3%.Kesimpulan : Prevalensi gejala neurotoksik pada pekerja industri alas kaki sektor informal , Ciomas , Bogor yang terpajan pelarut organik sebesar 55,8%. Faktor umur berhubungan dengan terjadinya gejala neurotoksik (OR = 6,235 ; p = 0,000).

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Background : Exposured by organic solvent is form of occurrence day by day for many workers. Organic solvent is used in many process on footwear manufacture both formal and informal sector. According to several studies , many organic solvent has neurotoxic char tcterisl it:, so need to early detection for symptoms that influences to workers. The Swedish Q16 is a questionnaire that often use for workers screening from exposured by organic solvent. The goal of this study is to identification of glue, prevalence neurotoxic symptoms cause by organic solvent exposure, with Swedish Q16 Questionnaire, and to know factors of influences as : age, education, working periode, body mass index, using of PPE, drink of alcohol, washing hand, smoking, eat and drink at workplace and organic solvent level in workplace.

Method : The design of this study was cross sectionai,and the total number of sample were 138 footwear workers. Data collecting was conducted to interview, direct monitoring and measuring personal sampling at workplace which checking by Gas Chromatography technique. Neurotoxic symptoms detected by Swedish Q16 Quetionnaire. Data collecting was done on September-October 2006. All data research result processing by Statistic Program SPSS version 11.5.

Result : Identification of glue has result that content of yellow glue are toluene (45,3%), benzene (5,18%) dan metyl etyl ketone (18,68%), white glue content are : toluene (41,31%), benzene (3,52%) dan acetone (19,24%). Degree of toluene at workplace was average 1,12 ppm, and range 2,48 ppm to 0,33 ppm. Highest complaint from subject are : tingling ((62,3%), headache (62,3%), fatigue (56,5%). Study's subject neurotoxic symptoms prevalence was 55,8%. On bivariate analysis, age factor, work periode, body mass index, have related to neurotoxic symptoms outcome. On multivariate analysis be found that age < 28 years have risk six time to experience with neurotoxie symptoms, (p0,000; OR = 6,235). Examination on finger tapping test to be done as sub sampling on 53 subject and the result is unnormally on right hand 47,2% and left hand 43,3%.

Conclutions : Prevalence of neurotoxicity symptoms in informal sector footwear workers at Ciomas Bogor was 55,8%. Age factor was related to the neurotoxic symptoms (OR = 6,235 ; p = 0,000)."