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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Keguguran berulang memiliki dampak psikologis yang besar, didefinisikan sebagai keguguran dua kali atau lebih. Sekitar 10-15% dari semua kehamilan yang secara klinis berakhir dengan keguguran. Sekitar 2% wanita mengalami dua kali keguguran dan 0,4-1% wanita mengalami tiga kali secara berturut-turut. Prevalensi dan variasi data di setiap negara berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola karakteristik subjek di poliklinik kebidanan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode : Data dikumpulkan selama 5 tahun dari 2013 hingga 2017. Peserta adalah pasien dengan riwayat keguguran berulang yang tercatat di poliklinik Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo kemudian data dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif. Hasil: Prevalensi keguguran berulang sebesar 28 kasus. Usia termuda yang mengalami keguguran berulang adalah 25 tahun sedangkan usia tertua 46 tahun. 80% kasus merupakan keguguran berulang primer, 20% kasus merupakan keguguran berulang sekunder. Terdapat 30% kasus dengan Indeks massa tubuh normal, 6.67% underweight, 36.67% overweight dan 26.67% dengan obesitas. Pemeriksaan ACA didapatkan 7.1% hanya ACA IgG positif, 14.3% hanya ACA IgM positif, 7.1% ACA IgG dan IgM positif dan 71.4% ACA IgG dan IgM negatif. Kesimpulan:. Karakteristik pasien keguguran berulang pada penelitian ini sangat beragam.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Recurrent miscarriage has a large psychological impact, defined as twice or more miscarriages. About 10-15% of all pregnancies that clinically end in miscarriage. About 2% of women experience two miscarriages and 0.4-1% of women experience three times in a row. The prevalence and variation of data in each country is different. This study aims to describe the pattern of subject characteristics in polyclinic of the National Center General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Method: Data was collected for 5 years from 2013 to 2017. Participants were patients with a history of recurrent miscarriages recorded in the polyclinic of the National Center General Hospital Cipto Mangunkusumo then the data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The prevalence of recurrent miscarriages was 28 cases. The youngest age to experience a recurrent miscarriage is 25 years while the oldest age is 46 years. 80% of cases are primary recurrent miscarriages, 20% of cases are secondary recurrent miscarriages. There are 30% of cases with a normal body mass index, 6.67% underweight, 36.67% overweight and 26.67% with obesity. ACA examination found 7.1% only ACA IgG positive, 14.3% only ACA IgM positive, 7.1% ACA IgG and IgM positive and 71.4% ACA IgG and IgM negative. Conclusion:. The characteristics of recurrent miscarriage patients in this study are very diverse."

"Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyebab kematian kesembilan paling banyak di dunia. Indonesia merupakan negara kedua dengan jumlah penderita TB paling banyak di dunia dengan persentase penderita sebanyak 8%. Kasus TB kambuh merupakan kasus dengan morbiditas yang tinggi dengan pengobatan yang lebih sulit. Karakteristik pasien TB kambuh belum banyak diteliti di Indonesia, padahal kasus TB kambuh sangat memperberat beban biaya penatalaksanaan TB di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meneliti faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya TB kambuh di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso, 1 Januari 2014 hingga 31 Desember 2018. Seluruh pasien TB kambuh dimasukkan dalam penelitian, dan pasien TB tidak kambuh dengan jumlah sama pada periode yang sama dengan cara consecutive sampling. Kemudian dilakukan analisis terhadap karakteristik klinik kedua kelompok tersebut.Hasil: Didapatkan hasil bahwa ada 2.322 pasien TB selama periode penelitian, dengan persentase keberhasilan terapi sebesar 78,1%, tidak sembuh 21,9% dan pindah 5%. Diambil 94 kasus TB kambuh (sesuai perhitungan jumlah sampel) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Didapatkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian TB kambuh pada pasien adalah status kepatuhan mengambil obat pasien (p = 0,007, odds ratio 0,38 (IK 95% = 0,19-0,76)) dan gambaran lesi kavitas pada foto thorax awal (p < 0,001, odds ratio 0,08 (IK 95% = 0,03-0,20)).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara dengan kejadian TB kambuh dengan status kepatuhan mengambil obat pasien, dan gambaran lesi kavitas pada foto torak awal.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) infection is the most prevalent cause of deaths in the world. Indonesia is the second country in the world with the highest number of tuberculosis patients with a prevalence of 8%. Recurrent tuberculosis is a case with a high morbidity with more complicated medication. Recurrent tuberculosis patients characteristics are rarely studied in Indonesia, despite ubiquitous recurrent tuberculosis cases in Indonesia further worsening the burden of disease. The aim of this study is to study factors affecting recurrence of tuberculosis in Indonesia.

Method: This is a cross sectional study which done in Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infection Disease Hospital, January 2014-December 2018. All samples with recurrent tuberculosis were included in the study, while samples with successful treatment in the same period were chosen by consecutive sampling. Statistical analysis of clinical characteristics was done to both study groups.

Result: There were 2.322 tuberculosis patients obtained during the course of study with 78,1% successful treatment rate, 21,9% was not cured, and 5% switched to another health center. Ninety four cases of recurrent TB meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were obtained. It was known that factors affecting recurrence of TB were medication compliance (p = 0.007, odds ratio 0.38 (IC 95% = 0.19-0.76)) and appearance of cavity lesion in the first thorax x-ray examination (p < 0.001, odds ratio 0.08 (IC 95% = 0.03-0.20)).

Conclusion: There was a relationship between recurrent TB and medication compliance and appearance of cavity lesion in the first thorax x-ray examination."

"Background: a patient with a history of tuberculosis (TB) has a risk up to 27% to develop recurrence within 2 years after being cured. Indonesia itself has more than 7,500 recurrent cases annually, regardless of reinfection or relapse. This is an important problem, as recurrent TB is associated with lower cure rates with the anti-TB therapy and higher risk of developing drug resistance. Some risk factors for this recurrence are smoking, poor treatment adherence, low economic status, and weak immune status. This study is aimed to identify whether the use of fixed-dose combination (FDC) anti-tuberculosis therapy increases the risk for tuberculosis recurrence compared with using separate drug formulation.Methods: the search was conducted on MEDLINE, ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane according to clinical question. The studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and led to five useful articles. The selected studies were critically appraised for their validity, importance, and applicability.Results: five cohort studies were found with comparable validity. Only 1 study has accurate relative risk (RR) with 3.97 (1.14-13.80) and number needed to harm of 18. Other four studies fulfilled the applicability criteria for our case.Conclusion: the use of FDC anti-tuberculosis therapy increases the risk for tuberculosis recurrence compared with using separate drug formulation.

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Latar belakang: seorang pasien dengan riwayat tuberkulosis (TBC) memiliki risiko hingga 27% untuk mengalami kekambuhan dalam 2 tahun setelah disembuhkan. Indonesia sendiri memiliki lebih dari 7.500 kasus berulang setiap tahun, terlepas dari reinfeksi atau kambuh. Ini adalah masalah penting, karena TB berulang dikaitkan dengan tingkat kesembuhan yang lebih rendah dengan terapi anti-TB dan risiko pengembangan resistansi obat yang lebih tinggi. Beberapa faktor risiko kekambuhan ini adalah merokok, kepatuhan pengobatan yang buruk, status ekonomi rendah, dan status kekebalan tubuh lemah. Laporan ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi apakah pasien dengan obat anti tuberkulosis (OAT) kombinasi dosis tetap (KDT) dalam pengobatan TBC lebih berisiko untuk kambuh dibandingkan pasien dengan pengobatan OAT dosis terpisah.

Metode: pencarian literatur dilakukan di MEDLINE, ProQuest, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, dan Cochrane berdasarkan pertanyaan klinis dan pemilihan artikel sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Artikel yang terpilih dilakukan telaah kritis untuk menilai validitas, kepentingan, dan penerapannya. Hasil: hasil pencarian literatur didapatkan 5 studi kohort dengan validitas yang sama. Hanya satu studi yang memiliki nilai RR akurat sebesar 3,97 (1,14 – 13,80) dan NNH 18. Empat studi dapat diterapkan pada pasien kami.

Kesimpulan: penggunaan OAT KDT dalam pengobatan TB meningkatkan risiko kekambuhan dibandingkan OAT dosis terpisah."

"Recurrent abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms found in children. Description of abdominal pain is important in determining the etiologic cause. Organic pain must be ruled out first before suspecting psychogenic cause of pain. However; Children and infant are likely having difficulties in describing abdominal pain. Referred pain may lead to misdiagnosis. Alarm symptoms of abdominal pain are important indices and must be recognized. Careful and complete anamnesis and physical examination play critical role in management approach of recurrent abdominal pain in children and determine whether medical therapy only or combination with surgical intervention is considered necessary."

"ABSTRAK Behcet disease (BD) is a multi system recurrent inflammatory disorder occurring in the form of vasculitis of an unknown etiology. It most frequently affects oral and genital mucosa, skin, eyes, joints, and blood vessels. The definitive diagnosis of BD is based on major symptoms such as recurrent oral and genital ulcers and recurrent skinand ocular lesions, accompanied by symptoms related to various systems. However, early BD manifestations are very similar to recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Several years from its first appearance are often required for a definitive diagnosis. Objective: To describe a dentist role in BD management in a patient with a history of highlyrecurrent RAS. Case Report: We evaluated a 38 year old man with a 10 year history of recurrent oral ulcers, accompanied by skin and eyes lesions. His intraoral examination revealed multi sized ulcers with a yellowishwhite base and regular edges, surrounded by an erythematous halo. Ulcers were located on the tongue, floor of themouth, and gingival mucosa. Although BD diagnosis was not histopathologically confirmed, the patient lesions met the International Criteria for Behcet disease with a score of 5. Oral ulcers were managed with chlorhexidine mouthwash 2 times/day and supportive measures. A multidisciplinary approach was used for this patient to providecomprehensive treatment. Conclusion: Dentists can be the first clinicians to detect the possible development of BD in patients with symptoms similar to RAS, but additionally having skin and eye lesions."

"Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a neurological deficit condition caused by an acute focal injury of the central nervous system by cerebral infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage. CVA patients who do not reduce risk factors after the first attack have an 8.7 times higher risk of CVA recurrence. The effect of a recurrent CVA is six times greater than the risk of a first CVA in the general population of the same age and sex, and nearly half of them remain alive but are physically disabled. This case report illustrates the process of recurrent CVA and disability experienced by a 69-year-old Malay woman, a patient at a private hospital in West Kalimantan. The nursing strategy of two post-CVA physical rehabilitation exercise programs for patients during hospitalization will be explained according to the stages in nursing theory."

"Sistem Penilaian Esai Otomatis (SIMPLE-O) dikembangkan oleh Departemen Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia untuk ujian bahasa Indonesia. Skripsi ini akan membahas mengenai pengembangan SIMPLE-O untuk penilaian ujian bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) dan bahasa pemrograman Python. Terdapat dua dokumen yang akan menjadi input, yaitu jawaban esai dari peserta ujian dan jawaban referensi dari penguji. Kedua jawaban diproses dengan layer GRU yang sama. Selanjutnya, kemiripan antara keduanya dihitung dengan fungsi persamaan. Rata-rata nilai akurasi yang didapatkan adalah 98.84 untuk fase training dan 86.82 untuk validasi

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The Automatic Essay Assessment System (SIMPLE-O) was developed by the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia for the Indonesian language test. This thesis will discuss the development of SIMPLE-O for the assessment of Indonesian language tests using the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) method and the Python programming language. There are two documents that will be input, essay answers from examinees and answer answers from examiners. Both answers are processed with the same GRU layer. Next, the similarity between the two is calculated by the similarity function. The average accuracy value obtained was 98.84 for the training phase and 86.82 for validation"

"Kanker kulit termasuk salah satu kanker dengan kasus terbanyak di seluruh dunia dan menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak adalah kanker kulit melanoma. Pendeteksian dan diagnosis dini berhasil meningkatkan angka survival rate untuk melanoma tingkat awal sebesar 95%. Oleh karena itu, analisis gambar medis sangat penting dalam upaya pengobatan penyakit kulit sedini mungkin. Cara pendeteksiaan saat ini yang menggunakan metode manual masih kurang handal dan memakan banyak waktu. Adanya pengembangan teknologi deep learning dan computer vision dapat membantu dokter dalam melakukan segmentasi lesi kulit dengan lebih cepat dan akurat. Penelitian ini mengusulkan penggunaan arsitektur Recurrent Residual U-Net (R2U-Net) dalam melakukan tugas segmentasi lesi kulit. Arsitektur ini menggunakan recurrent residual block yang terinspirasi dari residual connection dan Recurrent Convolutional Layer (RCL) ke dalam arsitektur berbasis U-Net. Unit residual dengan RCL membantu mengembangkan model lebih dalam yang efisien. Dataset yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dataset yang berasal dari International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2018. Penelitian ini berhasil meningkatkan kinerja model dalam memprediksi segmentasi lesi kulit pada nilai Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), jaccard index, akurasi, sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan presisi masing-masing sebesar 88,16%, 79,03%, 94,07%, 87,25%, 96,98%, dan 89,50%, dengan rata-rata kenaikan sebesar 2,4%.

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Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and the leading cause of death is melanoma. Early detection and diagnosis can increase the survival rate for early-stage melanoma by 95%. Therefore, analysis of medical images is very important in efforts to treat skin diseases as early as possible. The current detection method that uses the manual method is still less reliable and takes a lot of time. The development of deep learning technology and computer vision can assist doctors in segmenting skin lesions more quickly and accurately. This study proposes the use of the Recurrent Residual U-Net (R2U-Net) architecture in performing the task of segmenting skin lesions. This architecture uses a recurrent residual block inspired by the residual connection and recurrent convolutional layer (RCL) in a U-Net-based architecture. Residual units with RCL help develop efficient deeper models. The dataset used in this study is a dataset from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2018. This research succeeded in improving the model's performance in predicting skin lesion segmentation on the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), jaccard index, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision values of each respectively 88.16%, 79.03%, 94.07%, 87.25%, 96.98%, and 89.50%, with an average increase of 2.4%."