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Abstrak :
Saat ini Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) merupakan satu-satunya tatalaksana pada pasien HIV yang dilakukan untuk mengendalikan atau menekan replikasi virus di dalam darah. Setelah tes HIV dinyatakan positif, orang dengan HIV harus mendapatkan informasi dan bimbingan yang akurat dan tepat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mereka tentang HIV, termasuk pencegahan, dan keyakinan diri untuk memulai ARV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keyakinan pasien baru positif HIV untuk memulai minum obat ARV di masa pasca pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional melalui pendekatan survei, dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner pada 109 responden. Hasil uji statsitik didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan tentang ARV (p value = 0,000, α = < 0,05), cemas (p value = 0,000, α = < 0,05), spiritual (p value = 0,001, α = < 0,05), dan dukungan keluarga (p value = 0,001, α = < 0,05) dan ke empat variabel ini memiliki interaksi yang kuat (p va-lue=0,000; <0,05) dengan keyakinan pasien baru positif HIV untuk memulai obat ARV. Keyakinan diri memiliki peran penting dalam mengelola situasi secara efektif, memoti-vasi diri, dan mengontrol emosi sehingga tahu apa yang harus dilakukan, oleh karena itu pengkajian secara komprehensif pada awal diagnosa pasien sangat penting agar tindakan yang dilakukan dapat tepat sasaran. ......Currently Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is the only treatment for HIV patients that is carried out to control or suppress viral replication in the blood. After testing positive for HIV, people living with HIV must receive accurate and appropriate information and guidance to increase their knowledge about HIV, including prevention, and the confidence to start ARVs. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that influence the confidence of new HIV positive patients to start taking ARV drugs in the post-Covid-19 pandemic. This study used a descriptive analytic method with a cross sectional design through a survey approach, using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire on 109 respondents. Statistical test results found that there was a significant relationship between knowledge about ARVs (p value = 0.000, α = <0.05), anxiety (p value = 0.000, α = <0.05), spiritual (p value = 0.001, α = <0.05), and family support (p value = 0.001, α = <0.05) and these four variables have a strong interaction (p value = 0.000; <0.05) with new HIV positive patients' beliefs about starting ARV drugs. Self-confidence has an important role in managing situations effectively, motivating yourself, and controlling emotions so you know what to do, therefore a comprehensive assessment at the initial diagnosis of a patient is very important so that the actions taken can be right on target.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Berdasarkan onset gejala, efek jangka panjang dari pascaCOVID-19 disebut long COVID. Long COVID berlangsung dari pekan keempat sampai lebih dari dua belas pekan paascaonset gejala. Selain gejala sisa COVID-19, hal yang harus dievaluasi adalah gambaran lesi paru sebagai sekuele pascaCOVID-19. Sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 dievaluasi dengan high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 yang dapat timbul adalah ground glass opacity dan gambaran fibrosis. Selain derajat berat COVID-19, banyak faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kekerapan terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan kohort yang dilakukan bulan Juni 2020 hingga Juli 2021. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien pascaCOVID-19 yang melakukan HRCT toraks pada pekan keempat hingga keduabelas dari onset gejala dengan hasil PCR usap tenggorok minimal satu kali negatif. Subjek penelitian dipilih sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengambilan data melalui data sekunder berupa data rekam medis dan hasil HRCT pasien yang kontrol di poli pascaCOVID RSUP Persabahatan. Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan total 81 subjek dengan pasien yang memiliki sekuele pascaCOVID-19 ada sebanyak 64 pasien dan yang tidak mengalami sekuele sebanyak 17 orang. Kelompok pasien yang mengalami sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 paling banyak ada pada kelompok 40-59 tahun sebanyak 34 dari 41 pasien. Pada penelitian ini pasien laki-laki memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya sekuele pascaCOVID-19 (p=0,002). Komorbid paling banyak dijumpai pada penelitian ini adalah hipertensi (54,3) dan DM tipe II (23,4%). Derajat COVID-19 berat kritis berhubungan terhadap terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 (nilai p 0,003). Kejadian ARDS juga memiliki hubungan dengan terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19 (p=0,007). Pemakaian oksigen (O2) meliputi fraksi (p= 0,005) dan durasi (p= 0,006) juga memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan terjadinya sekuele paru pascaCOVID-19. Hasil analisis multivariat mendapatkan jenis kelamin dan derajat berat merupakan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi sekuele paru pasca-COVID-19. ...... Background: The long-term effects of post-COVID-19 are known as long COVID based on the onset of symptoms. Long COVID lasts from the fourth week to more than twelve weeks after the onset of symptoms. In addition to the sequelae of COVID-19, what must be evaluated is the appearance of lung lesions as a sequelae after COVID-19. Post-COVID19 pulmonay sequelae was evaluated by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) as ground glass opacity and fibrosis. Beside COVID-19 severity, a variety of other factors have a role in the development of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae and their influencing factors. Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cohort approach that was conducted from June 2020 to July 2021. The subjects were post-COVID-19 patients who underwent thoracic HRCT in the fourth to twelfth week of symptom onset with a negative throat swab PCR result at least once. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to determine which subjects will be included in the study. Data collection through secondary data form medical record and HRCT results of patients controlled at the post-COVID polyclinic at Persahabatan Hospital. Results: In this study, there were 64 patients who had post-COVID-19 sequelae and 17 patients who did not. There was a total of 81 subjects. The group of patients who experienced post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae was mostly in the 40-59 years group with 34 out of 41 patients. In this study, male patients had an association with post-COVID-19 sequelae (p=0.002). The most common comorbidities found in this study were hypertension (54.3) and type II DM (23.4%). The degree of critically severe COVID-19 is related to the occurrence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae (p 0.003). The incidence of ARDS also has a relationship with the occurrence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae (p=0.007). Oxygen consumption including fraction of inspired oxygen (p= 0.005) and duration (p= 0.006) also has a significant relationship with the occurrence of post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae. The results of the multivariate analysis found that gender and severity were factors that influenced post-COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae.

Abstrak :
Pemeriksaan HRCT toraks mengevaluasi secara objektif perubahan pada gambaran parenkim paru akibat respons inflamasi termasuk pada pasien pasca COVID-19. Riwayat terapi selama pasien dirawatinapkan merupakan faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap gambaran HRCT toraks pasca COVID-19. Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan antara riwayat terapi tersebut dengan gambaran HRCT toraks dengan subjek yang diperiksakan antara Juni 2020-Juli 2021. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan kohort pada data sekunder melalui telusur rekam medis. Pada 73 subjek penelitian dilakukan analisis univariat, bivariat (uji kai kuadrat dan fisher) dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik) dengan variabel independen terdiri atas karakteristik individu (usia, jenis kelamin, komorbiditas, derajat COVID-19) dan riwayat terapi (antivirus, antiinflamasi dan antitrombotik) serta variabel dependen berupa gambaran HRCT toraks. Terdapat gambaran sekuele sebanyak 55 subjek (75,3%) dengan rincian 7 subjek (9,6%) dengan gambaran fibrosis, 5 subjek (6,8%) dengan gambaran GGO, 43 subjek (59,9%) dengan gambaran GGO dan fibrosis serta gambaran nonsekuele sebanyak 18 subjek (24,7%). Gambaran sekuele terhadap variabel masing-masing adalah sebagai berikut: laki-laki dan perempuan yaitu 78,8% dan 66,7% (p=0,025, OR= 0,019-0,770), derajat ringan, sedang dan berat-kritis yaitu 56,5%, 75,0% dan 88,2% (p=0,031-1,096-6,962), subjek dengan dan tanpa warfarin yaitu 57,1% dan 82,7% (p=0,007, OR=0,016-0,517), subjek dengan dan tanpa heparin yaitu 83,3% dan 60,0% (p=0,024, OR= 1,250-23,222), subjek dengan durasi terapi antiinflamasi ≤10 hari dan >10 hari yaitu 61,0% dan 93,5% (p=0,026, OR=1,276-42,609). Laki-laki-laki lebih banyak memiliki gambaran sekuele pasca COVID-19 pada HRCT toraks daripada perempuan. Derajat COVID-19 adalah faktor paling berpengaruh dan menentukan pemilihan terapi rawat inap. Kelompok subjek dengan warfarin memiliki gambaran sekuele pasca COVID-19 pada HRCT toraks lebih banyak daripada tanpa warfarin. Kelompok subjek dengan heparin memiliki gambaran sekuele pasca COVID-19 pada HRCT toraks lebih banyak daripada tanpa heparin. Kelompok subjek dengan durasi terapi antiinflamasi ≤10 hari memiliki gambaran sekuele pasca COVID-19 pada HRCT toraks lebih sedikit daripada dengan terapi antiinflamasi >10 hari. ...... Chest HRCT is an objective examination to evaluate alteration in lung parenchyma due to inflammation response including in post COVID-19 patients. Inward patient therapy history is one of factor to be suspected has an influence to chest HRCT features in post COVID-19 patients. This study analyzes a relation between therapy history and chest HRCT features was examined between June 2020 and June 2021. Observational analytic with retrospective approach method is used by medical record explore as secondary data. In 73 subjects in this study, univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (chi square and fisher’s test), and multivariate analysis (logistic regression) had done to perform the description of independent variable consists individual characteristics (age, sex, comorbidity, COVID-19 severity degree) and therapy history (antiviral, antiinflammation, antithrombotic), and chest HRCT features as dependent variable. There are sequelae features in 55 subjects (75.3%) consist of 7 subjects (9.6%) with fibrotic features, 5 subjects (6.8%) with GGO and 43 subjects (59.9%) and also 18 subjects (24.7%) non-sequelae features. Sequelae features for each variable are: male and female are 78,8% vs 66,7% (p=0.025, OR= 0.019-0.770), mild, moderate, and severe-critical COVID-19 severity degree are 56,5% vs 75,0% vs 88,2% (p=0,031-1,096-6,962), subjects with and without warfarin are 57,1% vs 82,7% (p=0,007, OR=0,016-0,517), subjects with and without heparin are 83,3% vs 60,0% (p=0,024, OR= 1,250-23,222), subject with antiinflammation therapy duration ≤10 days is higher risk than >10 days are 61,0% vs 93,5% (p=0,026, OR=1,276-42,609). Males are larger number with post COVID-19 sequelae features in chest HRCT than females. The severity degree of COVID-19 is the most influencing factor and this determines on inpatient therapy selection. Warfarin history subjects are smaller number with post COVID-19 sequelae features in chest HRCT than in without warfarin. Heparin history subjects are larger number with post COVID-19 sequelae features in chest HRCT than in without heparin. Anti-inflammatory therapy duration ≤10 days are smaller number with post COVID-19 sequelae features in chest HRCT than in > 10 days.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: COVID-19 menginfeksi semua kelompok umur, namun beban infeksi lebih tinggi dan lebih berbahaya pada kelompok usia lanjut. Pasien yang mengalami infeksi akut COVID-19 juga bisa mengalami gejala menetap yang disebut dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19, khususnya pada lansia. Belum ada data yang menunjukkan prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia di Indonesia dan juga faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia di Indonesia serta meneliti hubungan antara faktor-faktor risiko dengan kejadian Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 dengan menggunakan definisi waktu >4 minggu, >8 minggu, dan >12 minggu. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kohort retrospektif yang menggunakan rekam medis dan wawancara untuk mendapatkan data terkait keberadaan faktor-faktor risiko dan gejala menetap pasca perawatan infeksi akut COVID-19. Hasil: Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 329 pasien lansia (≥60 tahun) yang sempat dirawat akibat COVID-19 di RSCM dan RS Mitra Keluarga Kalideres pada 1 Januari-31 Desember 2021. Prevalensi Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia adalah sebesar 31%, 18,24%, dan 10,64% dengan menggunakan definisi waktu >4 minggu, >8 minggu, dan >12 minggu, secara berurutan. Clinical Frailty Scale rawat inap (OR 2,814 [IK 95% 1,172-6,758) dan imobilitas rawat inap (OR 4,767 [IK95% 2,117-10,734]) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >4 minggu. Selanjutnya, jumlah gejala awal (OR 2,043 [IK95% 1,005-4,153]), konstipasi rawat inap (OR 2,832 [IK95% 1,209-6,633]), imobilitas rawat inap (OR 2,515 [IK95% 1,049-6,026]), dan instabilitas rawat inap (OR 2,291 [IK95% 1,094-4,800) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >8 minggu. Gangguan pendengaran dan penglihatan follow-up (OR 2,926 [IK95% 1,285-6,665]) dan imobilitas rawat inap (OR 3,684 [IK95% 1,507-9,009]) berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 >12 minggu. Kesimpulan: Infeksi akut dengan ≥ 5 gejala, adanya frailty dan sindrom geriatri, khususnya imobilitas saat perawatan, berhubungan dengan Sindrom Pasca COVID-19 pada lansia. ......Background: COVID-19 infects all age groups, but the burden of infection is higher and more dangerous in the elderly. Patients with acute COVID-19 infection can also experience persistent symptoms called Post-Covid-19 Syndrome, especially elderly. No data show the prevalence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly in Indonesia and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly Objective: This study aims to determine the prevalence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly in Indonesia and examine the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of Post-Covid-19 Syndrome by using the definition of time > 4 weeks, > 8 weeks. , and >12 weeks. Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study that uses medical records and interviews to obtain data regarding risk factors and persistent symptoms after treatment of acute COVID-19 infection. Results: This study is followed by 329 elderly patients (≥60 years) who had been treated because of COVID-19 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital and Mitra Keluarga Kalideres Hospital from January 1st until December 31st, 2021. the prevalence of Post COVID-19 Syndrome in the elderly was 31%, 18.24%, and 10.64% using the time definition of >4 weeks, >8 weeks, and >12 weeks, respectively. Clinical Frailty Scale during hospitalization scores (OR 2.814 [95% CI 1.172-6.758]) and immobility during hospitalization (OR 4.767 [95% CI 2.117-10.734]) were associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >4 weeks. Furthermore, number of initial symptoms (OR 2,043 [CI95% 1.005-4.153]), constipation during hospitalization (OR 2.832 [CI95% 1.209-6633]), immobility during hospitalization (OR 2,515 [95% CI 1,049-6.026]), and instability during hospitalization (OR 2,291 [CI 95% 1,094-4,800]) was associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >8 weeks. In addition, impairment of visual and hearing during follow-up (OR 2,926 [95% CI 1,285-6,665]) and immobility during hospitalization (OR 3,684 [95% CI 1.507-9,009]) was associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome >12 weeks. Conclusions: Acute infection with ≥ 5 symptoms, frailty, and geriatric syndrome, especially immobility during hospitalization, were associated with Post-Covid-19 Syndrome in the elderly.

Abstrak :
Covid-19 merupakan penyakit virus corona baru 2019 (Covid-19) dengan penularan yang sangat kuat dan tingkat infeksinya cepat. Banyak keluhan yang dirasakan oleh pasien covid-19 bahkan setelah pulih pun masih ada keluhan yang menetap. Hal tersebut dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup. Kualitas hidup dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor antara lain faktor fisik, psikologis, sosial dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien pasca covid-19 derajat sedang-berat dengan komorbid. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional study. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 130 orang yang telah pulih enam bulan dari covid-19 dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas hidup pasien pasca covid-19 derajat sedang-berat dengan komorbid di RSUD Provinsi NTB dipengaruhi oleh usia, jenis kelamin, gejala sisa fatigue, gejala sisa dyspnea, gejala sisa kecemasan, jenis komorbid, status fungsional dan dukungan keluarga dengan usia sebagai faktor dominan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk melakukan skrining pada tahap pengkajian keperawatan terhadap faktor-faktor prediktor kualitas hidup sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada pasien yang memiliki faktor resiko tinggi. Kata kunci: Kualitas hidup,pasca covid-19 derajat sedang-berat,faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi

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Covid-19 is new corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19) with extremely impressive transmission and fast contamination rates. A large number of the complaints felt by Covid-19 patients, even even after recovering, there are as yet persevering grievances. This can decrease the quality of life. Quality of life can be affected by different elements including physical, mental, social and natural variables. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect the quality of life of patients with moderate-to-severe post-covid-19 with comorbidities. The research configuration utilized a cross sectional review. The example in this study added up to 130 individuals who had recuperated a half year from Coronavirus with an examining strategy utilizing the continuous testing technique. The outcomes showed that the personal satisfaction of post moderate to severe Covid-19 with comorbidities at the NTB Provincial Hospital was affected by age, gender, fatigue sequelae, dyspnea sequelae, anxiety sequelae, comorbid types, functional status and family support. This study recommends screening at the nursing assessment stage for predictor factors of quality of life so that it is expected to improve quality of life in patients who have high risk factors. Keyword : Quality of life, post moderate to severe covid-19, factors influence

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Telah diketahui infeksi COVID-19 dapat menetap menjadi sindroma pasca COVID-19. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) kardiak memiliki nilai diagnostik tinggi untuk menilai karakteristik jaringan miokard. Belum diketahui secara pasti efek jangka panjang COVID-19 terhadap jaringan miokardium serta faktor-faktor admisi yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap prevalensi sindroma pasca-COVID-19 pada populasi dengan penyakit kardiovaskular.  Tujuan: Mengevaluasi prevalensi fibrosis miokardium dengan MRI kardiak pada pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular dan riwayat COVID-19 1 tahun pascaperawatan, serta mengidentifikasi faktor admisi yang berpengaruh terhadap fibrosis miokardium.  Metode: Kohort prospektif dengan menilai parameter MRI kardiak pada pasien terkonfirmasi COVID-19 dengan penyakit kardiovaskular 1 tahun pascaperawatan. Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisa temuan MRI kardiak terhadap kelompok kontrol tanpa riwayat COVID-19 yang telah di-matching berdasarkan umur, jenis kelamin, dan faktor resiko. Analisa multivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor admisi yang memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian fibrosis miokardium.  Hasil: Total 32 subjek dengan penyakit KV dan riwayat COVID-19 1 tahun pascaperawatan dengan 49 subjek kontrol disertakan dalam studi ini. Terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan pada parameter MRI kardiak yaitu proporsi abnormal T1 relaxation time (65,5% vs 36,7%; p-value=0,011) serta late gadolinum enhancement (LGE) skar noniskemik 62,5% vs 29,8%;p-value=<0,001) pada kelompok dengan riwayat COVID-19 dibanding kontrol. Tidak ditemukan faktor admisi yang berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan LGE noniskemik/T1 abnormal. Kesimpulan: Terdapat peningkatan prevalensi fibrosis miokardium pada pasien dengan penyakit KV dan riwayat COVID-19 1 tahun pascaperawatan dibanding kontrol dinilai melalui MRI kardiak. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara faktor admisi dengan fibrosis miokardium 1 tahun pascaperawatan COVID-19. ......Background: Presently, it has been acknowledged that COVID-19 infection may persist longer as Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cMRI) possesses a high diagnostic value to evaluate myocardial tissue characteristics. Data are still limited regarding longer implications of COVID-19 infection towards myocardial tissues and predictive admission factors in patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Aim(s): To evaluate the prevalences of myocardial fibrosis using cMRI in patients with CVD and one year post-COVID-19 hospitalization and identifying admission factors in correlation with myocardial fibrosis.  Method(s): Prospective cohort to assess cMRI parameters in patients with CVD and history of COVID-19 one year post-hospitalization. The results were then compared with the age-, sex-, risk factors-matched control group without prior of COVID-19 infection. Lastly, multivariat analysis was done to identify relations between admission factors and myocardial fibrosis.  Result(s): A total of 32 subjects with CVD one year post-COVID-19 hospitalization and 49 controls were included in this study. Significant increases of cMRI parameters, namely abnormal T1 relaxation time (65.5% vs 36.7%; p-value=0.011) and non-ischemic late gadolinum enhancement (LGE) (62.5% vs 29.8%;p-value=<0.001) were observed in the population with prior COVID-19 infection compared to control. No admission factors were found to be related with the increases in nonischemic LGE/abnormal T1. Conclusion: There is a significant increase of myocardial fibrosis prevalence in patients with CVD one year post-COVID-19 hospitalization compared to control assessed through cMRI parameters. No relationships were found between admission factors and myocardial fibrosis. 

Abstrak :
Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor pendapatan negara yang paling terdampak setelah merebaknya wabah COVID-19. Fenomena ini menyebabkan banyak negara melakukan upaya pemulihan sektor pariwisata untuk dapat menggaet kembali wisatawan mancanegara. Dalam upaya pemulihan tersebut, Korea Selatan memanfaatkan diplomasi digital melalui perilisan kampanye pariwisata ‘Visit Korea Year 2023-2024’ yang merupakan bentuk upaya promosi pariwisata dalam masa peralihan. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana upaya Korea Selatan dalam memanfaatkan diplomasi digital untuk sektor pariwisata Korea Selatan. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah deskriptif-kualitatif berbasis pada studi literatur dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat pemanfaatan diplomasi digital efektif untuk memulihkan sektor pariwisata Korea Selatan melalui media sosial dengan menerapkan komponen engagement, listening, berdialog secara real-time, serta pemanfaatan promosi secara terhubung dan kolaboratif. ......Tourism is one of the country's revenue sectors that was most affected after the outbreak of the COVID-19. This phenomenon has caused many countries to make efforts to restore the tourism sector to attract foreign tourists again. In this recovery effort, South Korea is utilizing digital diplomacy through the release of the tourism campaign 'Visit Korea Year 2023-2024' which is a form of tourism promotion effort in the transition period. This research focuses on analyzing how South Korea utilizes digital diplomacy to restore the South Korean tourism sector. The research method applied is descriptive-qualitative based on literature studies and interviews. The research results show that there is an effective use of digital diplomacy to restore the South Korean tourism sector through social media by implementing the components of engagement, listening, real-time dialogue, as well as the use of connected and collaborative promotions.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang Di masa pandemi COVID-19, terjadi peningkatan suatu isu kesehatan yaitu swamedikasi obat bebas di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini dikaitkan dengan persepsi sehat yang dimiliki oleh setiap individu sehingga memicu perilaku swamedikasi. Hingga saat ini, belum diketahui hubungan antara persepsi kesehatan umum dengan swamedikasi obat bebas pada subjek pasca COVID-19. Metode Di masa pandemi COVID-19, terjadi peningkatan suatu isu kesehatan yaitu swamedikasi obat bebas di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini dikaitkan dengan persepsi sehat yang dapat diukur menggunakan The Short Form 36 Health Survei Questionnaire (SF-36) dan dimiliki oleh setiap individu sehingga memicu perilaku swamedikasi. Hingga saat ini, belum diketahui hubungan antara persepsi kesehatan umum dengan swamedikasi obat bebas pada subjek pasca COVID-19. Hasil Sebagian besar persepsi kesehatan umum pada subjek pasca COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan, Cirebon adalah baik. Pada penelitian ini diketahui proporsi responden pasca COVID-19 yang pernah melakukan swamedikasi obat bebas selama 6 bulan terakhir adalah 61 responden (71,8%). Analisis antara persepsi kesehatan umum dan perilaku swamedikasi obat bebas subjek pasca COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan Cirebon dan sekitarnya dengan Uji Fisher yang menunjukkan nilai p=0,029 (OR 5,647; 95% CI 0,693- 45,973) yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan. Kesimpulan Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara persepsi kesehatan umum dan perilaku swamedikasi obat bebas subjek pasca COVID-19 di Kelurahan Panjunan Cirebon dan sekitarnya dengan Uji Fisher yang menunjukkan nilai p=0,029 (OR 5,647; 95% CI 0,693-45,973). Alasan utama responden melakukan swamedikasi adalah karena hemat waktu. ......Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing of a health issue is detected which causes an increasing of self-medication behavior of over-the-counter drugs among the public. This is associated with the decreased quality of life in post COVID-19 patients which can be measured by The Short Form 36 Health Survei Questionnaire (SF-36) about the perception of health that each individual has, thus triggering self-medication behavior. Until now, there is no known relationship between general health perceptions and over- the-counter drug self-medication in post-COVID-19 subjects. Method This research was conducted by collecting samples using consecutive sampling method and cross-sectional methods with 85 respondents which fulfilled the inclusion criterias in Panjunan Village, Cirebon, and surrounding areas. Results In this study, it was found that the proportion of post-COVID-19 respondents who had self-medicated over-the-counter medications during the last 6 months was 61 respondents (71.8%). Analysis of general health perceptions and over-the-counter self-medication behavior of post-COVID-19 subjects in Panjunan Village Cirebon and its surroundings with Fisher's test showing a p value = 0.029 (OR 5.647; 95% CI 0.693-45.973) which indicates a significant relationship. Overall, the general health perceptions in Panjunan Village, Cirebon and its surroundings is good. Conclusion There is a significant relationship between general health perceptions and self-medication behavior of the post-COVID-19 subjects in Panjunan Village, Cirebon and its surroundings with the Fisher Test showing a value of p=0.029 (OR 5.647; 95% CI 0.693- 45.973). The main reason respondents carry out self-medication is because it saves time.