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"Up to this moment, there urn various oral anti-hypergly-cemic (OAH) known, such ax the insulin secretagogue group of drugs, which in essence aims to increase insulin secretion by (J pancreatic culls, and the group of drags thai increases tissue sensitivity to insulin. Administration of a single drug from one of these two groups will eventually fail to achieve euglycemic control level. Instead, a combination of two kinds of OAH with different mechanism of action has been proven to significantly achieve glycemic control compared to administration of a .single agent. In addition to reducing side effects, administration of a combination nj two kinds of OAH can also postpone, the need for insulin, which is generally disliked by patients. Sulphonilurea and metformin art; among the most common drugs to be combined, but other combinations could also produce the same satisfactory effect. Combination of sulphonilurea and troghiatone does not produce expected euglycemic effect, even though ii can reduce the Hh Ah-level.Administration of 3 types of OAH is not advisable, since generally, a combination of 2 kinds oj drugs at maximum dose could no longer achieve glycemic control, even with the addition of another OAH. In addition to more side effects and higher cost, such treatment is not practical, and insulin secretion bv beta cells generally can no longer be increased Patients that fail lo demonstrate satisfactory results with a combination of 2 types of 0.4 fix are advised to be treated wilh moderate-acting insulin at night ax an additional treatment, with a dose titered to achieve euglycemic control Patients receiving single treatment that could not achieve euglycemic control may receive combined treatment before reaching the maximum dose, since at maximum dose, there is generally more side-effects."

"Diet merupakan salah satu tetralogi pengobatan diabetes mellitus yang paling penting. Klien diabetes mellitus perlu mempunyai pengetahuan tentang penyakit dan program dietnya agar dapat mematuhi program diet tersebut. Sikap yang positif terhadap program diet juga diperlukan sebagai motivasi klien untuk mematuhi program diet, sehingga muncul keyakinan bahwa kepatuhan akan mengontrol perkembangan penyaldtnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap kepatuhan klien diabetes mellitus dalam melaksanakan program diet dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif korelasional sebagai desain penelitian. Instrument dibuat dalam bentuk kuisioner dan dibagi dalam 3 bagian, yaitu kuisioner untuk mengukur pengetahuan, kuisioner untuk mengukur sikap dengan menggunakan skala Linkert dan kuisioner untuk mengukur kepatuhan dangau mengadaptasi model instrument Hays. Jumlah sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 88 orang dengan menggunakan convenience sampling. Populasi dari sampel pada penelitian ini adalah Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Umum Tangerang. Berdasarkan analisa statistic korelasi Spearman pada derajat kebebasan (df) = 20 dengan diperoleh nilai r = 0,027 dan nilai p = 0,451 untuk hubungan pengetahuan terhadap kepatuhan serta nilai r = 0,215 dan nilai p = 0,168 untuk hubungan sikap terhadap kepatuhan, ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap kepatuhan klien diabetes mellitus dalam melaksanakan program diet. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya yang berkaitan dengan kepatuhan klien diabetes mellitus dalam melaksakan program diet, dipandang perlu meneliti faktor 4 faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan klien diabetes mellitus dalam melaksanakan program diet selain pengetahuan dan sikap."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas pemahaman khalayak dewasa awal, khususnya mahasiswa, terhadap pesan media massa mengenai pentingnya gaya hidup sehat untuk mencegah resiko penyakit tidak menular Diabetes Tipe 2. Khalayak mahasiswa dipilih karena merupakan khalayak dewasa awal yang memiliki dinamika aktivitas cukup tinggi dan cenderung memiliki gaya hidup yang kurang teratur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakaan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan metode analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa khalayak mahasiswa adalah khalayak yang pasif terhadap informasi kesehatan. Selain itu ditemukan pula bahwa pemahaman khalayak mahasiswa terhadap informasi kesehatan tersebut lebih banyak terbentuk dari interaksi orang-orang di sekitarnya, bukan dari media.

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Abstract

This thesis is discusses the comprehension of the young adult audience, particularly undergraduate students, on the message conveyed by the mass media about the importance of a healthy lifestyle in preventing the non-communicable disease of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Undergraduate students were chosen as the focus of this study based on the rationale that this group has highly dynamic activitieas and tends to have a less organized lifestyle. This is a qualitative study which utilizes interview as the method of data collection with thematic method of analysis. Results show that undergraduate students are a passive audience when it comes to health information in media. In addition, the results also show that what students understand about health is more because their interaction with people around them, like family and peer group, not because the health information that appear in media."

" ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus DM merupakan penyakit sindrom metabolik akibat dari resistensi dan ketidakadekuatan sekresi insulin Prevalensi pasien dnegan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 semakin meningkat sehingga dibutuhkan peran perawat dalam penanganan pasien DM Tipe 2 dengan menjalankan peran sebagai pemberi asuhan pendidik peneliti dan inoovator Praktik residensi spesialis keperawatan medikal bedah yang telah dilaksanakan selama 1 tahun 2 semester bertujuan untuk melakukan penerapan dan pendalaman pada peran peran tersebut dengan pendekatan Model Adaptasi Roy MAR Peran sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan diterapkan pada 30 pasien dengan DM tipe 2 dan satu pasien kelolaan utama dengan DM tipe 2 dengan komplikasi ulkus pedis bilateral Peran sebagai pendidik dijalankan dengan memberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada pasien dan keluarga serta teman sejawat dan mahasiswa keperawatan Peran sebagai peneliti dijalankan dengan menerapkan tindakan berbais pembuktian ilmiah yaitu lembar pemantauan insulin terintegrasi pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang memperoleh terapi insulin untuk mengurangi kejadian hipoglikemia Peran sebagai innovator dilakukan dengan membuat format evaluasi edukasi bagi edukator untuk mengetahui pemahaman diabetisi setelah dilakukan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan penatalaksanaan diabetes mellitus Kata kunci diabetes mellitus format evaluasi lembar pemantauan insulin terintegrasi model adaptasi Roy praktik residensi.

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ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus DM is a disease of the metabolic syndrome as a result of the inadequate insulin secretion and resistance The prevalence of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus circuitry increases so it takes the role of nurses in the management of type 2 diabetes patients with their role as caregivers educators researchers and innovators Practice residency medical surgical nursing specialists that have been implemented for 1 year 2 semesters aims to carry out the implementation and deepening of the roles of the Roy Adaptation Model approach MAR Role as provider of nursing care applied to 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and the primary management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with ulcer complications pedis bilaterally Role as educators is executed by providing health education to patients and families and colleagues and nursing students Role as a researcher is executed by applying scientific evidence based actions that sheet integrated monitoring of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes who obtain insulin therapy to reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia Role as an innovator is done by making education evaluation format for educators to know the understanding of diabetes after administration of health education the management of diabetes mellitus Keywords diabetes mellitus evaluation format integrated insulin monitoring sheets Roy adaptation model practice residency."

"Hemostatic disorders, which could cause (venous or arterial) thrombosis or bleeding, are often found during hospital care. Common manifestations of thrombosis arc inner vein thrombosis, cardiac infarct, stroke, or even recurrent miscarriage. In addition to hemorrhological detect, certain clinical conditions such as diabetes mellitus or hypercholesteroJemia are risk factors that also play a role in the hemostasis system.The hemostasis system depends on vascular en-dothelial conditions, platelet function (in this case platelet aggregation), coagulation function, anti-coagulation, fibrinolysis, and anti-fibrinolysis. If one of these conditions or functions is disturbed, the hemostatic system may also be disturbed."

"The chief complain of chronic peripheral arterial occlusion disease is intermittent clodication, or calf pain during exercise that is relieved by resting. As the disease advances, pain occurs even during resting. The main cause for this disease is atherosclerosis.Clinical evaluation of patients comprise of questionnaire, exploration of atherosclerosis risk factors such as smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc. Pulse examination, ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPl) measurements and leg segmenta! blood pressure assessments are integral examinations in such patients. Another important test is functional assessments using the treadmill, or other tests to cause hyperemia.The chief management is to prevent common morbidity and mortality due to atherosclersosis such as coronary heart disease and its complications, as well as cerebrovascular disease and its complications. Management is also targeted towards preventing the progress of peripheral arterial occlusion disease.Specific management for peripheral arterial occlusion disease that is clearly beneficial to improve symptoms is physical exercise. Drugs such as pentoxyphylline, naftidrofuryl, buflomedil, and cilostazol are of little benefit only. Aspirin is useful to prevent cardiovascular, but is useless to improve symptoms.Prior to offering interventional procedures (angiopfasty and for stent insertion) or surgery, the following issues should be contemplated: I) the patient does not respond to physical exercise and risk factor modification, b) there is severe disability, c) there is no longer other disease that limits activity, and d) the morphology of the lesion is in line with the intervention, with a low risk and high probability for initial and long-term success"