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Widya Andini
Abstrak :
Dalam menghadapi persaingan bisnis yang ada, bank XYZ perlu meningkatkan kinerja organisasinya saat ini yang salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh pengelolaan SDM. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Direktorat A Bank XYZ dan terdiri dari dua studi, yaitu studi korelasi dan studi intervensi. Studi korelasi bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara komitmen afektif dan perilaku kewargaan antarpribadi. Penelitian dilakukan kepada 40 karyawan direktorat A dengan menggunakan TCM Employee Commitment Survey oleh Mayer dan Allen (2004) dan Interpersonal Citizenship Scale oleh Settoon & Mossholder (2002). Hasil dari penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara komitmen afektif dan perilaku kewargaan antarpribadi (r= 0,38, r2= 0,14, p< 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dilakukan studi kedua, yaitu studi intervensi berupa pelatihan untuk meningkatkan komitmen afektif kepada 5 orang karyawan Direktorat A Bank XYZ. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan (Z= -2,03, p< 0,05) pada karyawan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan. Hasil evaluasi level tiga yang dilakukan setelah 2 bulan pelatihan belum menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada komitmen afektif (Z = -0,85, p > 0,05) dan perilaku kewargaan antarpribadi yang dimiliki karyawan (Z= -1,34, p> 0,05), meskipun penilaian perilaku dari rekan dan atasan langsung menunjukkan bahwa karyawan memenuhi lebih dari 90 persen perilaku yang ditentukan. ......To deal with existing business competition, Bank XYZ need to improve the performance of their organizations today, one of which is influenced by HR management. This research was conducted at Directorate A of Bank XYZ and consisted of two studies, namely correlation studies and intervention studies. The correlation study aims to determine the relationship between affective commitment and interpersonal citizenship behavior. The first study conducted on 40 employees of directorate A using the TCM Employee Commitment Survey by Mayer and Allen (2004) and the Interpersonal Citizenship Scale by Settoon & Mossholder (2002). The results of this study indicated that there was a significant relationship between affective commitment and interpersonal citizenship behavior (r = 0.38, r2 = 0.14, p <0.05). Based on these results, an intervention study was conducted in the form of a training program to increase affective commitment to 5 employees of Directorate A, Bank XYZ. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in employees' knowledge (Z = -2.03, p <0.05) before and after training. The results of level three evaluation, which was conducted after two months of training have not shown a significant increase in affective commitment (Z = -0.85, p> 0.05) nor interpersonal citizenship behavior owned by employees (Z = -1.34, p> 0,05), although behavioral assessments from colleagues and direct supervisors indicate that employees fulfill more than 90 percent of the specified behavior.
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T53983
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Artisita Rochmi
Abstrak :
Sebagai pelopor bank syariah di Indonesia, Bank XYZ sedang menghadapi penurunan kinerja bank yang memperlihatkan kurangnya komitmen karyawan terhadap organisasi. Kepemilikan pekerjaan adalah salah satu prediktor yang berhubungan dengan komitmen afektif karyawan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari Studi 1 dan Studi 2. Studi 1 berupa penelitian korelasi dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara kepemilikan pekerjaan dan komitmen afektif pada 40 karyawan di Direktorat HC Bank XYZ menggunakan kuesioner dari TCM Employee Commitment Survey yaitu Affective Commitment Subscale (Meyer & Allen, 2004) dan Job-based Psychological Ownership Scale (Brown, Pierce, & Crossley, 2014). Studi ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kepemilikan pekerjaan dan komitmen afektif (r=.60, p<.05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan Studi 2 yaitu pemberian program intervensi pelatihan My Job and I yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan rasa memiliki terhadap pekerjaan sehingga komitmen afektif karyawan menjadi lebih kuat. Peneliti melakukan intervensi kepada empat orang karyawan yang memiliki kepemilikan pekerjaan yang rendah. Hasil menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan terkait kepemilikan pekerjaan (Z=-2.375, p<.05). Namun demikian, hasil evaluasi level tingkah laku belum menunjukkan peningkatan kepemilikan pekerjaan dan komitmen afektif yang signifikan saat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pelatihan. 
As a pioneer of Islamic banks in Indonesia, Bank XYZ is facing a decline in bank performance that shows a lack of employee commitment to the organization. Job ownership is one of predictors that explain relationship with affective commitment. This research consisted of two study, correlational and intervention study. Correlational study examined the relationship between job ownership and affective commitment at Human Capital Directorate Bank XYZ. This study involved 40 employees, measurement instruments used TCM Employee Commitment Survey of Affective Commitment Subscale (Meyer & Allen, 2004) and Job-based Psychological Ownership Scale (Brown, Pierce, & Crossley, 2014). Result showed the significant relationship of job ownership and affective commitment (r=.60, p<.05). Based on first study result, researcher fined an appropriate intervention called My Job and I training to increase job ownership that impacted the affective commitment enhancement. Next we conducted job ownership improvement program for the employee that has minimum score of job ownership and the one-group pre-test post-test design for the second study (intervention). Result showed a significant difference mean score in knowledge evaluation (Z=-2.375, p<.05). However, the result of behavioural evaluation have not shown significant job ownership and affective commitment before and after the intervention. 
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T54030
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Anastasia Astari Wiraputri
Abstrak :
Tesis ini bertujuan menemukan penyebab utama yang mempengaruhi kinerja Rumah Sakit XYZ dan menyusun rancangan intervensi untuk mengatasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Kepuasan kerja dan komitmen organisasi adalah variabel yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab utama kinerja yang kurang maksimal di RS XYZ dikarenakan dua variabel ini memiliki korelasi dengan kinerja individu secara signifikan menurut literatur. Wawancara dan kuesioner digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Kepuasan kerja terdiri dari sembilan dimensi, yaitu gaji, promosi, supervisi, tunjangan/manfaat, penghargaan/pengakuan, prosedur, rekan kerja, pekerjaan itu sendiri, dan komunikasi. Selain itu, dimensi pengembangan ditambahkan sebagai dimensi kepuasan kerja. Dari tiga jenis komitmen organisasi, komitmen afektif dianggap yang paling penting dan berkorelasi dengan kinerja individu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dimensi kepuasan kerja yang memiliki skor rendah dan berkorelasi dengan komitmen afektif adalah contingent rewards dan development. Dengan demikian, kedua dimensi ini yang akan diintervensi melalui sistem reward dan program pengembangan karir, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kepuasan kerja dan komitmen afektif organisasi yang mengarah pada peningkatan kinerja individu. ......This thesis aims to find out the main causes which influence the performance of XYZ Hospital and to develop intervention programs to overcome them. This study used quantitative and qualitative method. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment were variables that were used to identify the main causes of low performance in XYZ Hospital. According to literature, those variables had significant correlations with job performance. Interviews and questionnaires were used for collecting data. Job satisfaction has nine dimensions; namely pay, promotion, supervision, fringe benefits, contingent rewards, operating procedures, co-workers, nature of work, and communication. In addition, development was added as another dimension for job satisfaction. Out of the three organizational commitment, affective commitment was considered to be the most important and had a correlation with job performance. Results showed that the dimensions of job satisfaction, namely contingent rewards and development, which had low scores and significant correlations with affective commitment, were considered. Those two variables were intervened through reward system and career development programs in order to increase employee job satisfaction and their affective commitment, which eventually will lead to increase their performance.
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2013
T35522
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ingke Prasisti
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini berfokus pada usaha untuk meningkatkan affective commitment to change pada karyawan Teknisi melalui transformational leadership atasan di perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang solusi ketenagalistrikan. Berdasarkan penggalian data awal, masalah yang muncul adalah adanya kecenderungan normative commitment to change karyawan Teknisi dalam mematuhi peraturan kedisiplinan akibat gaya kepemimpinan yang cenderung transactional, sehingga mereka patuh hanya jika merasa diawasi dan akan menerima punishment untuk pelanggaran yang dilakukan. Peneliti mengukur korelasi antara transformational leadership dan affective commitment to change dengan 18 orang partisipan Teknisi. Alat ukur transformational leadership yang digunakan pada penelitian ini (α = 0,980) diadaptasi oleh Rubin et al. (2005) yang berdasar pada alat ukur yang dikembangkan oleh Podsakoff et al. (1996). Sementara, alat ukur affective commitment to change yang digunakan (α = 0.809) merupakan versi adaptasi dari alat ukur commitment to change yang digunakan dalam penelitian Herscovitch dan Meyer (2002). Berdasarkan uji korelasi Kendall?s Tau (τ), diperoleh koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,606 (LOS 0,01), yang menunjukkan bahwa transformational leadership atasan berhubungan secara signifikan dengan affective commitment to change karyawan. Untuk itu dilakukan sebuah intervensi berupa workshop transformational leadership untuk meningkatkan perilaku transformational atasan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan affective commitment to change pada bawahan. Peneliti melakukan evaluasi workshop level dua dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat peningkatan skor perilaku transformational atasan, meskipun tidak signifikan (Z = -1,826, p > 0,05).
This study is focused on the effort to improve affective commitment to change among Technicians through Coordinator?s transformational leadership in a company of power solution business. Based on initial diagnosis, the existing problem can be attributed to the tendency of normative commitment to change among Technicians in complying to discipline regulation as a result of superiors? transactional leadership style, which causes Technicians comply only when they perceive as being monitored and will receive punishment for violating the regulation. The correlation between transformational leadership and affective commitment to change was measured with 18 Technicians as participants. The transformational leadership instruments used in this study (α = 0,980) was adapted by Rubin et al. (2005) based on the one developed by Podsakoff et al. (1996), while the instrument used to measure employee affective commitment to change (α = 0.809) was an adapted version from the one used in Herscovitch and Meyer?s (2002) research. Based on Kendall?s Tau (τ) correlation test, correlation coefficient of 0,606 (LOS 0,01) was found, showing that superiors? transformational leadership is significantly and positively correlated to employees? affective commitment to change. Based on this result, an intervention program was conducted in the form of transformational leadership workshop to improve superiors? transformational leadership behavior, aimed at the improvement of employee affective commitment to change. The researcher conducted a second level workshop evaluation using the Wilcoxon?s Signed-Rank Test, showing that there was an increase in superiors? transformational behavior score, but not significant (Z = -1,826, p > 0,05).
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T41384
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Abdul Salim
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi analisis tingkat komitmen manajemen dalam pelaksanaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di pabrik pengolahan crumb rubber di PT."X" Kalimantan Barat 2014. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap pegawai tetap pada level manajerial dan perwakilan dari pekerja di Pabrik Pengolahan Crumb Rubber PT "X" Kalimantan Barat pada bulan Maret - Juni 2014, menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan analisis kualitatif, data primer berupa wawancara mendalam, dan observasi di lapangan. Observasi dilakukan dengan melakukan cross check antara kebijakan atau prosedur perusahaan dengan implementasinya di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Dari hasil wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa, komitmen afektif di PT "X" sudah cukup baik karena sikap penerimaan karyawan terhadap program K3 di PT "X" sudah sangat baik, manajemen PT "X" juga selalu mengadakan training untuk pekerja baru dan refresh training untuk pekerja lama, manajemen PT "X" juga berkonsultasi pada para pekerja terkait K3 walaupun tidak melalui rapat-rapat melainkan langsung kepada karyawan di tempat, manajemen PT "X" juga sudah melakukan inspeksi dan investigasi terkait K3 secara rutin. (2) Dari hasil wawancara dapat disimpulkan bahwa Komitmen Kontinyu di PT "X" masih rendah karena tidak adanya anggaran dan SDM khusus dalam menunjang berlangsungnya K3 dalam perusahaan. Tidak adanya struktur organisasi khusus diperusahaan yang menangani program K3, semua yang berhubungan dengan pelaksanaan K3 itu tanggung jawab seorang personalia. Serta belum adanya evaluasi-evaluasi yang dilakukan manajemen mengenai pelaksanaan K3 selama ini. (3) Dari hasil wawancara di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Komitmen Normatif di PT "X" masih rendah, karena kepatuhan karyawan terhadap peraturan K3 masih rendah, tingkat pelanggaran yang dilakukan karyawan juga masih tinggi dan PT "X" belum memiliki prosedur dalam menjalankan K3 di seluruh unit kerja, yang ada hanya berupa instruksi-instruksi kerja.
This study aims to conduct analysis of study-level management commitment to the implementation of the Occupational Health and Safety in crumb rubber processing plant in PT. "X" West Kalimantan, 2014. Study was carried out on a permanent employee at managerial level and workers representative in Crumb Rubber Processing Factory PT "X" West Kalimantan in the month of March-June 2014, the use of descriptive analytic study design with qualitative analysis approach, the primary data in the form of in-depth interviews, and observations in the field. Observations carried out by cross-checking between the policies or procedures of the company with its implementation in the field. The results showed that: (1) From the interviews it can be concluded that, affective commitment in PT "X" is good enough for acceptance to the program employees K3 PT "X" has been very good, the management of PT "X" has always held a training for new workers and training to refresh the old workers, the management of PT "X" was also consulted on the workers concerned K3 although not through meetings but directly to employees in place, the management of PT "X" has also been conducting inspections and investigations are routinely associated K3 . (2) From interviews it can be concluded that a Continuous Commitment to PT "X" is low because there has the absence of a special budget or human resources to support the company's ongoing K3. The absence of specific organizational structure in the company that handles the K3 program, all of which relate to the implementation of K3 was responsible personnel. And the lack of evaluations conducted during the management of the implementation of the K3. (3) From the interview above, it can be concluded that, Normative Commitment PT "X" is low, because the employee compliance with regulations K3 is still low, the level of offense committed employees are also still high and PT "X" does not yet have procedures in running K3 in all work units, which exist only in the form of work instructions.
Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, 2014
T42000
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Abdur Rahman Setiawan
Abstrak :
Spiritual Calling merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam proses Manajemen SDM. Sayangnya, tidak banyak kajian tentang dampak spiritual calling terhadap komitmen afektif dan kepuasan kerja pegawai.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh spiritual calling terhadap kepuasan kerja dan komitmen afektif PNS nonmanajerial di Badan Kepegawaian Negara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dan menggunakan angket. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan proportionate stratified random sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 261 orang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan dari spiritual calling terhadap kepuasan kerja dan komitmen afektif PNS Nonmanajerial di Badan Kepegawaian Negara. Kata Kunci: Spiritual Calling, Kepuasan Kerja, dan Komitmen Afektif.
Spiritual Calling is one of important factors in the Human Resources Management.Unfortunately, there is only a few research studying its impact on affective commitment and job satisfaction. The focus of this research is to analyze the impact of spiritual calling on job satisfaction and affective commitment of nonmanagerial civil servants at National Civil Service Agency. This is quantitative research and using quiz. Sampling method used is proportionate stratified random with 261 respondents. The result of this research shows that there is positive and significant impact of spiritual calling on job satisfaction and affective commitment of nonmanagerial civil servants at National Civil Service Agency. Keywords Spiritual Calling,Job Satisfaction,and Affective Commitment.
2017
T48119
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nadhila Nuhanisa Radian
Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari kesiapan individu untuk berubah terhadap komitmen afektif untuk berubah karyawan kementerian XYZ. Penelitian dilakukan dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 177 karyawan. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kesiapan individu untuk berubah dan komitmen afektif untuk berubah yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif yang signifikan dengan R2= 0.239 p
This research objective is to determine the implication of individual readiness for change towards affective commitment to change at ministry XYZ. This study involved 177 employees as participants. Bahasa Indonesia adapted version of individual readiness for change and affective commitment to change were used in this research. Result showed a significant and positive implication from individual readiness for change towards affective commitment to change with R2 0.239 p
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T50867
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fita Nisa Fadila
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh leader-member exchange terhadap komitmen afektif dan peran mediasi psychological empowerment dalam hubungan LMX dengan komitmen afektif pada karyawan BUMN dan swasta di Jakarta. Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam penelitian kuantitatif dan menggunakan kuesioner untuk memperoleh data. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 218 karyawan tetap di perusahaan BUMN dan swasta yang berlokasi di Jakarta. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modelling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LMX berpengaruh positif baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap komitmen afektif yang dimiliki karyawan di Jakarta. Penelitian ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa psychological empowerment memediasi secara parsial antara LMX dengan komitmen afektif.
ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the impact of leader-member exchange (LMX) on affective commitment and also to examine the mediating effect of psychological empowerment on the relationship between LMX and affective commitment on BUMN and private employees in Jakarta area. This study used a questionnaire as data collection tool in order to obtain the desired research data. The questionnaire filled by 218 respondents, with the number comprising permanent employers from various BUMN and private companies located in Jakarta. The research data is analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method which result shows that LMX has a positive effect, both direct and indirect, on affective commitment of employees in BUMN and private organizations in Jakarta. This study also indicates that psychological empowerment acts as a partial mediator between LMX and affective commitment.
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yutaka Ueda
Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of organizational structure and process factors on customer satisfaction, and to examine the mediating role of organizational commitment (affective commitment) on these relationships. The Round 3 data from the High Performance Manufacturing (HPM) project were used for this study. The data includes 266 plants from 9 industrialized countries. A simple Sobel test demonstrated the partial mediating effect of affective commitment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that when two structural factors and one process factor are considered, affective commitment partially mediates the effect of the flatness of organizational structure and supervisory interaction facilitation, but does not mediate the effect of the centralization of authority. Some limitations of this study are highlighted and future expectations provided.
Tokyo: Center for Asian and Pacific Studies, Seikei University, 2017
915 RAPS 42 (2017)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jonathan Permana Ruma Horbo
Abstrak :
Perkembangan pada era digitalisasi menuntut perusahaan melakukan perubahan yang signifikan dalam proses bisnisnya sebagai langkah dan upaya untuk menghadapi kompetitor dan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan terutama pasar eksternal (eksternal market). Perubahan tersebut tentunya memberi dampak berupa tantangan bagi suatu organisasi terutama SDM yang dimiliki untuk dapat menghadapi dan beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang sedang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran komitmen afektif terhadap perubahan sebagai mediator hubungan pertukaran pemimpin-anggota dengan kemampuan mengatasi perubahaan di Unit Area PT X. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui penyebaran kuesioner secara daring, dengan desain penelitian non-eksperimen yang berjenis desain korelasi dan melakukan analisis mediasi pada variabel penelitian. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 222 partisipan yang berasal dari 7 Unit Area PT X. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan mengatasi perubahan memiliki reliabilitas dengan nilai koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar α = 0.64. Pada alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur komitmen afektif terhadap perubahan, diambil dari dimensi komitmen afektif pada alat ukur komitmen terhadap perubahan organisasi memiliki reliabilitas dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar α = 0.81. Selain itu, pada alat ukur pertukaran pemimpin-anggota ditemukan nilai koefisien Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar α = 0.81. Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukan bahwa komitment afektif terhadap perubahan dapat berperan sebagai mediator dengan bentuk full mediation antara pertukaran pemimpin-anggota, dengan nilai koefisien tidak langsung sebesar indirect = 0.08, SE = 0.03, 95% CI = [0.03,0.15] terhadap coping with change. Nilai koefisien efek langsung sebesar b = 0.10, t (219) = 1.49, p = 0.14 (p>0.05), 95% CI = [-0.03,0.24]. Selain itu, ditemukan juga hasil efek keseluruhan (total effect) dengan nilai koefisien b = 0.19, t (220) = 2.65, p = 0.01 (p<0.05), 95% CI = [0.05,0.33]. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertukaran pemimpin-anggota dapat memprediksi kemampuan karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan jika karyawan memiliki komitmen afektif terhadap perubahan ......The development in the era of digitalization requires companies to make significant changes in their business processes as steps and efforts to face competitors and adapt to the environment, especially the external market. These changes certainly have an impact in the form of challenges for an organization, especially its human resources, to be able to face and adapt to the changes that are happening. This study aims to determine the role of affective commitment to change as a mediator of the leader-member exchange relationship with the ability to overcome the change in the PT X Area Unit. This research uses quantitative methods through online questionnaires, with a non-experimental research design that is a correlation design type and performs mediation analysis on research variables. The research subjects were 222 participants who came from 7 Unit Area PT X. Measurement tools for coping with change have reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value of α = 0.64. The measuring instrument used to measure affective commitment to change is taken from the dimension of affective commitment on the commitment to organizational change measurement, having reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha value of α = 0.81. Also, the leader-member exchange measurement tool found the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value of α = 0.81. The results of the mediation analysis show that affective commitment to change can act as a mediator with the form of full mediation between leader-member exchanges, with an indirect coefficient value of indirect = 0.08, SE = 0.03, 95% CI = [0.03,0.15] on coping with change. . The direct effect coefficient value is b = 0.10, t (219) = 1.49, p = 0.14 (p> 0.05), 95% CI = [-0.03,0.24]. In addition, the results of the total effect were also found with a coefficient value of b = 0.19, t (220) = 2.65, p = 0.01 (p <0.05), 95% CI = [0.05,0.33]. The results of this study concluded that the two-way communication process and the quality of the reciprocal relationship between employees and leaders would predict the ability of employees to deal with change if only employees have the commitment and desire to support a change based on the belief in the benefits of changes in the organization
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2021
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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