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Abstrak :
Studi kali ini bertujuan untuk meneliti penerapan prinsip Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) dalam mengurangi masalah disruptive behavior pada anak dengan Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). Penelitian ini menggunakan single case pretest-posttest design, dengan partisipan seorang anak berusia 7 tahun dan ibunya. Adanya peningkatan keterampilan berinteraksi pada ibu diprediksi mampu mengurangi disruptive behavior pada anak. ACE diukur menggunakan Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), sementara frekuensi disruptive behavior diukur dengan Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI). Keterampilan ibu dalam berinteraksi diukur menggunakan Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System III (DPICS-III) dalam setiap sesi intervensi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setelah PCIT diberikan, keterampilan ibu dalam berinteraksi dengan anak meningkat seiring dengan menurunnya frekuensi disruptive behavior anak, yakni dari taraf klinis menjadi taraf normal.

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This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) principles to diminish disruptive behavior in children with Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). Current study employed a single case, pretest-posttest design, with a 7 year old child and her mother as the participants. PCIT is proposed as an effective intervention to decrease disruptive behavior, through increasing the parent-child interaction, which served as a moderating variable. ACE was measured with Adverse Childhood Experience International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), while the frequency of disruptive behavior measured by Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI). Parent-child interaction evaluated with Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System III (DPICS-III) in every session. Results suggested that after PCIT is given, parent's interaction skills were significantly enhanced, followed by the gradual decrease in child's disruptive behavior, from clinical to normal range.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK Narkoba masih menjadi permasalahan bagi dunia dan Indonesia hingga saat ini, yaitu tahun 2016 tercatat 275 juta orang menggunakan narkoba sedangkan di Indonesia sendiri mencapai 3 juta atau sekitar 1,7%. Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) merupakan salah satu faktor seseorang untuk mengalami adiksi narkoba. Perceived social support juga ditemukan memiliki pengaruh terhadap penggunaan narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara Adverse Childhood Experience dan perceived social support dengan adiksi narkoba. Sebanyak 74 orang di atas 18 tahun yang berada di pusat rehabilitas narkoba diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner berisi ACE-10, DAST-20, MSPSS, dan data kontrol lainnya. Hasil korelasi menunjukkan bahwa ACE memiliki hubungan yang positif dengan adiksi narkoba sedangkan perceived social support memiliki hubungan yang negatif dengan adiksi narkoba.

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ABSTRACT Drugs are still a problem for the world and Indonesia until now, namely in 2016 there were 275 million people using drugs while in Indonesia alone reached 3 million or around 1.7%. Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) is one factor for a person to experience drug addiction. Perceived social support was also found to have an influence on drug use. This study aims to look at the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experience and perceived social support with drug addiction. As many as 74 people over 18 years who were at the drug rehabilitation center were asked to fill out questionnaires containing ACE-10, DAST-20, MSPSS, and other control data. The correlation results show that ACE has a positive relationship with drug addiction while perceived social support has a negative relationship with drug addiction.

Abstrak :
Jumlah warga Negara Indonesia yang melakukan bunuh diri adalah sebesar 11 juta orang dengan memiliki latar belakang depresi. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 50% orang yang mengalami adverse childhood experience akan berakhir memiliki gejala depresi di masa dewasa. Jenis attachment style di masa dewasa juga berhubungan dengan adverse childhood experience dan berkontribusi dalam memunculkan gejala depresi. Penelitian kali ini mencoba melihat hubungan antara adverse childhood experience, jenis attachment style di masa dewasa, dan gejala depresi. Gejala depresi diukur menggunakan Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), adverse childhood experience diukur dengan menggunakan Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE), dan attachment style di masa dewasa diukur dengan menggunakan Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). Penelitian kali ini dilakukan terhadap 482 orang dewasa muda di jabodetabek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara adverse childhood experience (r = 0,388, n = 482, p < 0,01). Adverse childhood experience memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan paling besar dengan anxious attachment style di masa dewasa dibandingkan dengan jenis attachment lain (r = 0,271, n = 482, p < 0,01). Anxious attachment style di masa dewasa juga memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan paling tinggi dengan gejala depresi dibandingkan dengan jenis attachment lainnya (r = 0,486, n = 482, p < 0,01). Penelitian ini memiliki limitasi yakni kriteria partisipan yang kurang terfokus terhadap orang-orang yang pernah mengalami adverse childhood experience dan proporsi sampel yang kurang merata. ......The number of Indonesian citizens who commit suicide is 11 million people with a background of depression. Previous research has shown that as many as 50% of people who experience bad childhood experiences end up with depressive symptoms in adulthood. This type of stylistic attachment in adulthood is also associated with adverse childhood experiences and contributes to depressive symptoms. The current study looks at the relationship between adverse childhood experiences, types of attachment styles in adulthood, and symptoms of depression. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), adverse childhood experiences as measured using the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACE), and attachment style in adulthood measured using the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). The current research was conducted on 482 young adults in Jabodetabek. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between bad experiences during childhood (r = 0.388, n = 482, p <0.01). Adverse childhood experiences had a significant and greatest association with anxious attachment style in adulthood compared with other attachment types (r = 0.271, n = 482, p <0.01). Anxious attachment style in adulthood also had a significant and highest association with depressive symptoms compared to other types of attachments (r = 0.486, n = 482, p <0.01). The limitations of this study are, the criteria of participants are less focused on people who have experienced adverse childhood experience and the proportion of the sample is not evenly distributed.

Abstrak :
Berbagai studi telah dilakukan mengenai keterkaitan antara adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) dan self-compassion terhadap gejala depresi. Peran kedua variabel tersebut terhadap gejala depresi juga telah diteliti, akan tetapi penelitian yang membandingkan peran keduanya terhadap gejala depresi masih sangat terbatas, khususnya pada populasi emerging adulthood di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran pengalaman sulit di masa kecil dan self-compassion terhadap gejala depresi pada emerging adulthood. Partisipan penelitian adalah individu emerging adulthood (N=482), yang diberikan kuesioner BDI-II untuk mengukur depresi, ACEQ untuk mengukur pengalaman sulit di masa kecil, dan SCS-SF untuk mengukur self-compassion yang dilakukan secara daring. Hasil penelitian menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa baik pengalaman sulit di masa kecil maupun self-compassion berperan secara signifikan terhadap gejala depresi. Dibandingkan pengalaman sulit di masa kecil, self-compassion merupakan prediktor yang lebih kuat terhadap gejala depresi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kesadaran masyarakat tentang self-compassion perlu ditingkatkan karena dapat menjadi faktor pelindung potensial untuk gejala depresi. ......Many studies have done research about the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and self-compassion as predictors to depression symptoms. The role of those two variables in depression symptoms has also been done, however studies that comparing role those two variable on depressive symptoms are still very limited, specifically, in the emerging adulthood population in Indonesia. This study aims to test the role of adverse childhood experiences and self-compassion in depression symptoms in emerging adulthood. Participants of this study were emerging adulthood individuals (N=482), who were given BDI-II questionnaire to measure depression, ACE-Q to measure adverse childhood experiences, and SCS-SF to measure self-compassion conducted online. The results of this study, using multiple linear regression, showed that both adverse childhood experiences and self-compassion have a significant role in depression. Compared to adverse childhood experiences, self-compassion is the stronger predictor in depression symptoms. According to the results of this study, public awareness of self-compassion needs to be raised as it can be a potential protective factor for depression symptoms.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tidak ada yang ingin dilahirkan sebagai seorang pecandu. Namun, faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan adiksi sering kali berada di luar kontrol individu. Faktor tersebut beberapa diantaranya adalah kepribadian, pengalaman tidak menyenangkan di masa kecil, dan tidak adanya tujuan dalam hidup. Belum adanya bukti empiris, khususnya di Indonesia, menjadi dasar dilakukannya penelitian ini. Sebanyak 68 pengguna narkoba berusia dewasa yang pernah mencoba sabu diminta mengisi DAST-20, BFI-44 atau BFI-10, ACE-10, PIL-T, dan data kontrol lainnya. Hasil uji logistic regression menemukan bahwa neuroticism, lama penggunaan, dan jenis zat yang paling sering digunakan dapat memprediksi kemungkinan seorang pengguna narkoba mengalami adiksi.

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ABSTRACT
No one ever wanted to be born as a drug addict. Unfortunately, many of addiction predictors are out of individual ability to control. Some of the predictors are personality traits, adverse childhood experience, and purpose in life. The lack of empirical result towards this case in Indonesia became the urgency to do this research. There were 68 adult aged drug users whom ever used methamphetamine filled out the DAST 20, BFI 44 or BFI 10, ACE 10, PIL T, and other control data. Logistic regression analysis found out that neuroticism, length of usage, and most used substance type predict the increasing risk of drug users to be addicted.

Abstrak :
Dewasa muda menggunakan teknologi komunikasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, termasuk untuk menjalin hubungan romantisnya. Namun, teknologi digital kemudian berpotensi menjadi sebuah wadah untuk melakukan kekerasan terhadap pasangan, dikenal sebagai cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA). Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, CIPA dapat diprediksi oleh adverse childhood experience (ACE). ACE dipercaya berpotensi memunculkan early maladaptive schema (EMS) pada individu yang kemudian meningkatkan kemungkinan melakukan CIPA. Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa skema domain yang paling berpengaruh antara hubungan ACE dan CIPA adalah disconnection & rejection. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat peran mediasi domain disconnection & rejection, secara keseluruhan dan masing-masing skema di dalamnya, dalam hubungan antara cyber intimate partner aggression dengan adverse childhood experience. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah 941 dewasa muda yang pernah atau sedang menjalani hubungan romantis dan berdomisili di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa perilaku cyber intimate partner aggression dapat diprediksi secara signifikan dan positif oleh adverse childhood experience (β=.084, SE=.016 p <.001). Selanjutnya, skema domain disconnection & rejection secara keseluruhan dapat memediasi hubungan tersebut secara signifikan. Dari lima skema yang ada, skema abandonment dan skema mistrust/abuse yang dapat secara signifikan memediasi hubungan yang ada. Implikasi hasil penelitian dibahas lebih lanjut. ......Young adults use communication technology in their daily lives, including to establish romantic relationships. However, communication technology potentially creates a new platform for violence against partner, known as cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA). Based on previous research, CIPA can be predicted by adverse childhood experience (ACE). ACE is believed to have the potential to cause early maladaptive schema (EMS) in individuals which then increases the likelihood of performing CIPA. Previous research found that the most influential domain scheme in the relationship between ACE and CIPA was disconnection & rejection. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the mediation role of the disconnection & rejection domain, as a whole and separately for each schema in the domain, in the relationship between cyber intimate partner aggression and adverse childhood experience. Participants in this study were 941 young adults who had or are currently in a romantic relationship and domiciled in Indonesia. The results indicate that the behavior of cyber intimate partner aggression can be significantly and positively predicted by adverse childhood experience (β=.084, SE=.016 p <.001). Furthermore, the overall disconnection & rejection domain schema can significantly mediate the relationship. Out of the five existing schemas, the abandonment schema and the mistrust/abuse schema could significantly mediate the existing relationship. Research implications discussed further.

Abstrak :
Kekerasan berpacaran merupakan kekerasan yang paling banyak ditemui pada dewasa muda di Indonesia pada tahun 2019. Pengalaman masa kecil yang buruk merupakan faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kekerasan dalam berpacaran. Salah satu yang diduga menjembatani kedua varibel ini adalah anxious attachment. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah anxious attachment memediasi pengalaman masa kecil yang buruk dengan kekerasan dalam berpacaran pada dewasa muda. Partisipan dalam penelitian  ini berjumlah 345 orang dengan rata-rata usia 21.56 tahun. Pengalaman masa kecil yang buruk diukur dengan Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, kekerasan dalam berpacaran diukur dengan Conflict Tactics Scales Revised Short Form dan anxious attachment diukur dengan Short Form Experience in Close Relationships- Revised. Hasil analisis menggunakan analisis mediasi menjelaskan bahwa anxious attachment memediasi hubungan antara pengalaman masa kecil yang buruk dengan kekerasan dalam berpacaran subskala injury pada dewasa muda (ab=0.0069,SE=0.0,99%, CI[0.0024, 0.0134]). Anxious attachment tidak memediasi pengalaman masa kecil yang buruk dengan kekerasan dalam berpacaran subskala psychological aggression, sexual coercion, physical assault dan negotiation. Kesimpulan penelitian menjelaskan bahwa semakin sering pengalaman masa kecil yang buruk dialami seseorang, semakin tinggi anxious attachment seseorang yang kemudian mengarahkan pada meningkatnya kekerasan dalam berpacaran subskala injury pada dewasa muda. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menggunakan instrumen tambahan seperti wawancara. ...... Dating violence was the most common type of violence happened to young adult in Indonesia in 2019. Adverse Childhood Experience is a risk factor that influence the development dating violence. Anxious attachment is postulated to mediate these two variables. The purpose of this study was to examinate whether anxious attachment mediates the relationship between adverse childhood experience and dating violence in young adulthood. The study was conducted on 345 participants with average age 21.56. Adverse Childhood Experience measured by Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form, dating violence were measured by Conflict Tactics Scales Revised Short Form and anxious attachment measured by Short Form Experience in Close Relationships-Revised. The result  analysis using mediation analysis showed that anxious attachment significantly mediated the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experience and dating violence subscale injury in young adulthood (ab=0.0069,SE=0.0,99%, CI[0.0024, 0.0134]). Anxious attachment not mediate dating violence subscale  psychological aggression, sexual coercion, physical assault and negotiation. The research conclusion proves that the more often Adverse Childhood Experience happened, the higher the anxious attachment, which leads to increased dating violence subscale injury in young adulthood. Future research are suggested to add additional instrument such as interviews.

Abstrak :
Literatur menunjukkan bahwa kedua bentuk kekerasan hubungan intim, yakni secara langsung yang disebut sebagai in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) dan secara siber yang disebut sebagai cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), kerap kali terjadi pada populasi dewasa muda. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, IPA dan CIPA dapat diprediksi oleh adverse childhood experience (ACE) melalui proses belajar sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat peran ACE dalam memprediksi IPA dan CIPA, serta menguji hubungan antara kedua bentuk kekerasan tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 945 individu dewasa muda di Indonesia yang pernah atau sedang menjalani hubungan romantis. Instrumen-instrumen yang digunakan adalah Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) untuk mengukur tindakan IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins dkk., 2018) untuk mengukur tindakan CIPA; dan (3) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ- SF; Bernstein dkk., 2003) untuk mengukur ACE. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa dimensi physical assault, psychological aggression, dan sexual coercion dari IPA dan perilaku CIPA secara keseluruhan dapat diprediksi secara signifikan dan positif oleh ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.016, SE=0.002, p>0.001; β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). Seluruh dimensi IPA ditemukan memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan CIPA (p<0.001). Implikasi hasil penelitian serta saran metodologis dan praktis dibahas lebih lanjut. ......The literature shows that both direct and online forms of intimate partner aggression, known as in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) and cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), are common in the young adult population. Based on earlier studies, IPA and CIPA can be predicted by adverse childhood experience (ACE) through social learning processes. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of ACE in predicting IPA and CIPA, as well as the relationship between the two forms of intimate partner aggression. This study involved 945 young adults in Indonesia who were or are currently in a romantic relationship. The instruments used were Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) to measure IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) to measure CIPA; and (3) the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) to measure ACE. The results of the regression analysis showed that the dimensions of IPA (physical assault, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion) and CIPA can be predicted significantly and positively by ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.016, SE=0.002 , p>0.001; =0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). All dimensions of IPA were also found to have a positive and significant relationship with CIPA (p<0.001). The implications of the research as well as methodological and practical suggestions are discussed further.