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"Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering diderita balita dibawah usia 5 tahun. Diare disebabkan oleh kondisi lembab terus menerus pada area popok, sehingga meningkatkan terjadinya ruam popok pada bayi. Perawatan kulit terutama pada ruam popok menjadi hal yang penting untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan lebih lanjut. Pemberian bahan topical seperti Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam perawatan ruam popok. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) terhadap ruam popok pada pasien dengan diare. Pasien diberikan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) pada pagi serta sore hari setelah mandi selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Evaluasi kondisi kulit dipantau setiap hari dengan hasil terdapat perbaikan kondisi kulit seperti tekstur kulit, kelembaban, suhu kulit serta perbaikan warna kulit. Perawat disarankan dapat menggunakan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) sebagai intervensi mandiri dalam upaya mencegah kerusakan integritas kulit lebih lanjut yang diakibatkan oleh ruam popok.

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Diarrhea is a health problem that often affects toddlers under 5 years of age. Diarrhea is caused by continuous damp conditions in the diaper area, thereby increasing the occurrence of diaper rash in babies. Skin care, especially for diaper rash, is important to prevent further damage. Applying topical ingredients such as Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) can be an alternative for treating diaper rash. This writing aims to determine the effect of using Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on diaper rash in patients with diarrhea. Patients were given Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) in the morning and evening after bathing for 3 consecutive days. Evaluation of skin conditions is monitored every day with the results of improvements in skin conditions such as skin texture, moisture, skin temperature and improvement in skin color. Nurses are advised to use Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as an independent intervention in an effort to prevent further damage to skin integrity caused by diaper rash."

"Diare merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi pada anak balita. Diare yang dialami anak dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya ruam popok akibat aktivasi enzim protease dan lipase dalam tinja dan kolonisasi mikroba yang bersifat mengiritasi. Ruam popok yang tidak ditangani dapat menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan, rasa sakit, hingga munculnya infeksi sekunder yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan anak. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asuhan keperawatan pada anak dengan diare yang mengalami ruam popok melalui pemberian edukasi perawatan perianal dan penggunaan Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) untuk menurunkan skor ruam popok. Hasil karya ilmiah ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan edukasi perawatan perianal dan penggunaan VCO efektif untuk menurunkan skor ruam popok anak dari derajat sedang menjadi derajat ringan dalam rerata tiga hari masa perawatan. Hasil dalam karya ilmiah ini dapat diterapkan sebagai tatalaksana non farmakologi yang diutamakan untuk mencegah dan mengatasi ruam popok anak.

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Diarrhea is a problem that often occurs in children under five. Diarrhea experienced by children can increase the risk of diaper rash due to the activation of protease and lipase enzymes in feces and the colonization of irritating microbes. Untreated diaper rash can cause discomfort, pain, and even secondary infections that can endanger the child's health. This scientific work aims to analyze nursing care for children with diarrhea who experience diaper rash by providing education on perianal care and the use of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) to reduce diaper rash scores. The results of this scientific work show that the implementation of perianal care education and the use of VCO is effective in reducing children's diaper rash scores from moderate to mild in an average of three days of treatment. The results in this scientific work can be applied as a priority of non-pharmacological treatment to prevent and treat children's diaper rash."

"Diare tergolong sebagai penyakit endemis yang merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian balita. Sanitasi lingkungan dan hygiene yang buruk menjadi penyebab terbanyak terjadinya diare pada masyarakat perkotaan. Protein dan lipase pada feses yang bersifat iritan, kulit yang basah menjadi lebih mudah ditembus oleh bakteri dan virus akibat kontak dengan feses berkepanjangan, menyebabkan ruam popok menjadi salah satu masalah yang menyertai diare. Virgin coconut oil VCO dapat menjadi pilihan intervensi nonfarmakologi pada ruam popok yang ketika dioleskan pada ruam akan bereaksi dengan bakteri membentuk asamlemak rantai bebas yang berfungsi melindungi kulit dari patogen. Asam laurat yang terdapat didalamnya bersifat antibakteri, antiviral, antiinflamasi, dan anti alergi sehingga mempercepat proses penyembuhan ruam popok.Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan asuhan keperawatan pada anak diare disertai ruam popok dan menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan VCO pada ruam popok. Hasil karya ilmiah ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian VCO efektif dalam proses penyembuhan ruam popok dibuktikan dengan penurunan derajat ruam popok setelah dilakukan intervensi.

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Diarrhea is classified as endemic disease which is one of the main causes of underfive mortality. Poor sanitation and hygiene are the most common causes of diarrhea in urban communities. Irritant proteins and lipases in feces, wet skin become more easily penetrated by bacteria and viruses due to prolonged contact with feces, causing diaper rash to be one of the problems that accompany diarrhea. Virgin coconut oil VCO may be the choice of nonpharmacologic intervention in diaper rash which when applied to the rash will react with bacteria to form a chain free acid chain that protects the skin from pathogens. Lauric acid contained therein are antibacterial, antiviral, anti inflammatory, and anti allergic to accelerate the process of healing diaper rash.

This paper aims to describe nursing care in diarrhea children with diaper rash and to analyze the effectiveness of VCO use in diaper rash. The results of this paper show that the use of VCO is effective in the process of healing diaper rash as evidenced by the decrease in the degree of diaper rash after intervention."

"Diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang sering diderita oleh balita. Feses yang berbentuk cair pada anak dapat menyebabkan cedera kulit akibat seringnya kontak berulang, sehingga dapat merusak jaringan perianal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dampak edukasi perawatan perianal dan pemberian VCO pada anak balita dengan diare terhadap risiko kerusakan integritas kulit di RSUD Lampung. Desain penelian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu quasi experiment dengan pre-post test without control grup design dengan 48 responden dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menujukkan adanya perbedaan selisih yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dan risiko kerusakan integritas kulit setelah perlakuan pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok intervensi (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil ini maka edukasi perawatan perianal dan pemberian VCO dapat direkomendasikan menjadi salah satu alternatif asuhan keperawatan dalam mengatasi masalah risiko kerusakan integritas kulit.

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Diarrhea is one of the diseases that are often suffered by toddlers. Liquid feces in children can cause skin injuries due to frequent repeated contact, which can damage the perianal tissue. This study aims to identify the impact of perianal care education and the provision of VCO in children under five with diarrhea against the risk of skin integrity damage in RSUD Lampung.

The research design used in this research is quasi experiment with pre-post test without control group design with 48 respondents selected using consecutive sampling technique.

The results showed a significant difference between the knowledge and the risk of skin integrity damage after treatment in the control group and the intervention group (p <0.05). Based on these results, perianal care education and VCO administration can be recommended to be an alternative nursing care in addressing the risk of skin integrity damage."

"Penanganan diare akut primer pada anak yang tidak tepat merupakan penyebab banyaknya kasus kematian pada anak terutama usia kurang dari 5 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kerasionalan penggunaan obat di Perawatan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak WAT IKA RSPAD Gatot Soebroto sehingga dapat meminimalisir penggunaan obat yang tidak rasional. Desain studi menggunakan studi cross-sectional, hasil penelitian dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh data pasien anak usia 0 ndash;18 tahun yang menderita diare akut primer. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 81 data rekam medis yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dinyakatan dalam satuan DDD dan DDD/100 beds/hari dan analisis kualitatif dinyatakan dalam segmen DU90. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, prevalensi pasien yang menderita diare terbanyak pada pasien laki- laki, dengan rentang umur >1 bulan ndash;2 tahun. Kuantitas obat diare berdasarkan nilai DDD dan DDD/100 beds/hari didapatkan nilai DDD terbesar adalah Zink 24,54 dan nilai DDD/100 beds/hari terbesar adalah Seftazidim 41,67 . Kualitas penggunaan obat diare pada pasien anak di Perawatan Ilmu Kesehatan Anak WAT IKA RSPAD Gatot Soebroto perlu lebih dikaji kembali. Penggunaan obat diarenya sudah 100 sesuai dengan Formularium Nasional.

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Improper treatment of acute primary diarrhea in children is the cause of many death cases in children especially under the age of 5 years. This research aimed to know the rationality of diarrhea drug utilization in Pediatric Healthcare Science WAT IKA RSPAD Gatot Soebroto so it could minimize irrational drugs utilization. The study design used a cross sectional study, the results of the study were described descriptively. Data was collected retrospectively from patient medical record data. The samples in this study were all data of pediatric patients ages 0 18 years with acute primary diarrhea. The study was conducted on 81 medical records that met the inclusion criteria. Analyses were performed quantitatively dan qualitatively. Quantitative analysis is expressed in units of DDD and DDD 100 beds day. Qualitative analysis is expressed in the DU90 segment. Based on the analysis, the most prevalence of diarrhea in male, with an age range 1 month 2 years. The largest DDD value was Zink 24.54 and the largest DDD 100beds day value was Ceftazidime 41,67. The quality of antidiarrheal drugs use in pediatric patients need more improvement. The use of antidiarrheal drugs in in Inpatient of Pediatric Healthcare Science WAT IKA RSPAD Gatot Soebroto is compliance with the national formulary 100."

"Diare adalah salah satu penyakit infeksi saluran cerna dengan gejala buang air besar tiga kali atau lebih dalam sehari dalam bentuk cair. Prevalensi diare pada anak balita di Indonesia 2017 adalah 14,3%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor apa yang terkait dengan inang dan lingkungan yang terkait dengan diare pada anak di bawah lima tahun di Indonesia pada tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) 2017. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik cross-sectional dengan sampel penelitian ini adalah semua anak berusia 0-59 bulan di Indonesia dari SDKI 2017. Variabel independen dari penelitian ini adalah faktor tuan rumah seperti usia anak, berat lahir, status vaksinasi campak, suplementasi vitamin A, perilaku mencuci tangan dan faktor lingkungan seperti fasilitas toilet dan sumber air minum. Sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah prevalensi diare pada anak balita. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor inang yang terkait dengan diare pada anak balita adalah usia anak (p = 0,000; 95% CI = 1,92-2,72); status vaksinasi campak (p = 0,003; POR = 1,17; 95% CI = 1,05-1,32), pemberian ASI eksklusif (p = 0,000; POR = 1,37; 95% CI = 1,24-1, 52) dan suplementasi Vitamin A (p = 0,000; POR = 1,37; 95% CI = 1,23-1,58). Oleh karena itu, faktor lingkungan yang terkait dengan diare pada anak balita adalah sumber air minum (p = 0,017; POR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,03-1,37). Kita perlu meningkatkan kesadaran di antara orang-orang untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif, Vitamin A dan imunisasi; juga meningkatkan cakupan program pengendalian dan pencegahan diare oleh pemerintah sehingga kami dapat mengurangi jumlah kasus diare di Indonesia.

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Diarrhea is a digestive tract disease with symptoms of bowel movements three or more times a day in liquid form. The prevalence of diarrhea in children under five in Indonesia 2017 is 14.3%. The purpose of this study is to identify what factors are related to the host and environment associated with diarrhea in children under five in Indonesia in 2017. This study uses secondary data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. Design This study is a cross-sectional analytic with the sample of this study are all children aged 0-59 months in Indonesia from SDKI 2017. The independent variables of this study are host factors such as the child's age, birth weight, measles vaccination status, vitamin A supplementation, behavior hand washing and environmental factors such as toilet facilities and drinking water sources. While the dependent variable is the prevalence of diarrhea in children under five.

The results of the bivariate analysis showed that the host factors associated with diarrhea in children under five were the age of the child (p = 0,000; 95% CI = 1.92-2.72); measles vaccination status (p = 0.003; POR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.05-1.32), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0,000; POR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.24-1 , 52) and Vitamin A supplementation (p = 0,000; POR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.23-1.58). Therefore, the environmental factors associated with diarrhea in children under five are drinking water sources (p = 0.017; POR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03-1.37). We need to increase awareness among people to provide exclusive breastfeeding, Vitamin A and immunizations; also increasing the scope of diarrhea control and prevention programs by the government so that we can reduce the number of cases of diarrhea in Indonesia."

"Pendahuluan: Diare merupakan penyakit pembunuh kedua pada balita dengan prevalensi sebesar 14,3 dan berpotensi terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa KLB di Indonesia. Lebih dari 100.000 balita meninggal akibat diare dengan estimasi hilangnya biaya ekonomi sebesar Rp. 7,2 Triliun. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita di Indonesia berdasarkan data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia SDKI 2012. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional. Populasi studi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita Indonesia usia 0-59 bulan pada SDKI 2012 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Kemudian dilakukan sampling dengan metodesistem random sampling dengan jumlah sampel 5.961 balita. Hasil: Prevalensi kejadian diare pada balita yang mengalami diare 2 minggu sebelum survei SDKI 2012 adalah sebesar 15,2 907 balita dan secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia balita 6-35 bulan POR: 1,977; 95 CI: 1,500-2,518; p 0,001, jenis kelamin POR: 1,298; 95 CI: 1,125-1,497; p 0,001, pendidikan ibu POR: 1,365; 95 CI: 1,180 ndash; 1,576; p 0,001 , sosial ekonomi menengah POR: 1,309; 95 CI: 1,064 ndash; 1,610; p 0,011, sosial ekonomi bawah POR: 1,623; 95 CI: 1,376 ndash; 1,913; p 0,001, sumber air minum POR: 1,326; 95 CI: 1,134-1,551; p 0,001, ketersediaan jamban POR: 1,424; 95 CI: 1,228-1,650; p 0,001, ketersediaan tempat cuci tangan POR: 1,248; 95 CI: 1,062-1,465; p 0,008, dan daerah tempat tinggal POR: 1,250; 95 CI: 1,085=1,440; p 0,002 dengan kejadian diare pada balita di Indonesia tahun 2012. Dalam menurunkan angka kejadian diare pada balita, perlu adanya kesadaran bersama baik pemerintah, petugas kesehatan, masyarakat, maupun orang tua dalam meningkatkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat PHBS.

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Introduction: Diarrhea is a second killer disease in under five children with a prevalence of 14,3 and have potential to outbreak in Indonesia. More than 100,000 under five children died from diarrhea with an estimated loss of economic costs of 7.2 Trillion Rupiah.

Objective: This study aims to determine factors are related to diarrhea occurrence among under five children in Indonesia based on data Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey IDHS 2012.

Method: This is a cross sectional study with study population were all Indonesian under five children 0 59 months in SDKI 2012 that meet the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Then sampling by simple random sampling method with the number of sample is 5.961 responden.

Results: The prevalence of diarrhea occurrence in under fives with diarrhea 2 weeks before survey was 15.2 907 and there was a statistically significant relationship between age 6 35 months POR 1,977 95 CI 1,500 ndash 2,518 p 0,001, sex POR 1,298 95 CI 1,125 ndash 1,497 p 0,001, maternal education POR 1,365 95 CI 1,180-1,576 p 0,001, middle socioeconomic POR 1,309 95 CI 1,064-1,610 p 0,011, low socioeconomic POR 1,623 95 CI 1,376 ndash 1,913 p 0,001, drinking water source POR 1,326 95 CI 1,134 ndash 1,551 p 0,001, latrine availability POR 1,424 95 CI 1,228 ndash 1,650 p 0,001, handwasher availability POR 1,248 95 CI 1,062 ndash 1,465 p 0,008, and residence area POR 1,250 95 CI 1,085-1,440 p 0,002 on the incidence of diarrhea among under five children in Indonesia 2012. To decreasing the incidence of diarrhea among under five children, need a common awareness of government, health workers, community, and parents to improving sanitation and healthy life."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang: Diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dinegara berkembang karena morbiditas dan mortalitasnya yang masih tinggi. Diaredapat disebabkan oleh virus, bakteri dan parasit yang penting diketahui untukmemberikan tatalaksana yang tepat, namun saat ini belum ada data mengenaibakteri penyebab diare di Indonesia. Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran klinis anak dengan diare akut dan mengetahui jenis bakteri enteropatogen penyebab diare akut dengan menggunakan real-timePCR di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada anak dengan diare akut berusia 1-15tahun di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Hasil: Subyek penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 subyek dengan diare akut. Sebagian besar berusia 1-3 tahun, status gizi baik, berasal dari ibu dengan pendidikansedang dengan status ekonomi keluarga menengah rendah, sebagian besar belummendapat antibiotik sebelum ke rumah sakit tetapi sudah mendapat cairanrehidrasi oral. Gambaran klinis diare akut akibat infeksi bakteri yaitu frekuensidiare ≤5X/hari (p=0,018), tanpa leukositosis feses (p=0,015) dan malabsorpsilemak (p=0,031). Sebaran infeksi bakteri patogen penyebab diare akutberdasarkan real-time PCR sebagai berikut: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subyek,Escherichia coli patogen 17 subyek yang terdiri dari EPEC 9 subyek, EIEC 5subyek dan ETEC 3 subyek. Infeksi bakteri campuran pada subyek sebagaiberikut: EPEC+EIEC 2 subyek , C.jejuni+EPEC 1 subyek, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC1 subyek dan C.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subyek. Simpulan: Sebagian besar diare terjadi pada usia 1-3 tahun dengan status pasiengizi baik dengan status keluarga menengah rendah. Sekitar 48% anak dengandiare akut didapatkan bakteri dari hasil real-time PCR feses dengan proporsiterbanyak yaitu EPEC, diikuti Campylobacter jejuni, EIEC dan ETEC.ABSTRACT Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC.;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC.;Background: Diarrhea is still a public health problem in developing countriesdue to it?s morbidity and mortality. Diarrhea can be caused by viruses, bacteriaand parasites. It is important to know the etiology to provide proper management,but there is currently no data on the bacteria that causes diarrhea in Indonesia. Objective: To characterize the clinical manifestations of children with acutediarrhea and determine the type of enteropathogens bacteria causing acutediarrhea using real-time PCR in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, done in June-November 2015. Stoolspecimens were collected from patients aged 1-15 years with acute diarrhea andtested for bacterial enteropathogens using real-time PCR.Results: Of the 60 children enrolled, mostly aged 1-3 years, good nutritionalstatus, from low income families and secondary education mothers, most have notreceived antibiotics prior to hospital admission but had received oral rehydrationfluids. The clinical features of acute diarrhea caused by bacterial infection isdiarrhea frequency ≤5X / day without fecal leukocytosis and fat malabsorption.From 60 subjects, 29 (48,3%) children excreted bacteria in their feces prooved byreal-time PCR. Distribution of pathogenic bacterial infection causes acute diarrheaby real-time PCR as follows: Campylobacter jejuni 7 subjects, pathogenicEscherichia coli 17 subjects which consists of EPEC 9 subjects, EIEC 5 subjectsand ETEC 3 subjects. Multiple infections in subjects as follows: EPEC+EIEC 2subjects, EPEC+C.jejuni 1 subject, C.jejuni+EPEC+EIEC 1 subject andC.jejuni+EPEC+ETEC 1 subject. Conclusions: Most diarrhea occurs at the age of 1-3 years with good nutritional status of patients with low-medium family status. Approximately 48% of children with acute diarrhea excreted bacteria in their feces prooved by real-time PCRstool with the highest proportion is EPEC, followed by Campylobacter jejuni,EIEC and ETEC."

"Angka kesakitan dan kematian diare di Indonesia masih tinggi. Golongan umur terbanyak adalah pada balita. Dalam jangka panjang upaya menurunkan angka kesakitan dilakukan dengan pencegahan penyakit. Upaya pencegahan akan lebih efektif apabila faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian diare diketahui dan diperhatikan.Penelitian ini bermaksud mempelajari hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga yang meliputi pengeluaran rumah tangga, kepemilikan barang, pendidikan ibu, pendidikan bapak, status kerja ibu, pekerjaan bapak, keterpaparan ibu terhadap media informasi dan umur balita dengan kejadian diare. Serta mempelajari faktor lingkungan yang meliputi penggunaan sumber utama air minum keluarga dan jenis kakus yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan tahun 1994 (SDK] 1994). Sampel Penelitian adalah wanita telah kawin usia 15-49 tahun (ibu balita), dengan unit analisis balita, dalam penelitian ini data balita membentuk data ibu. Analisis data terhadap 16.218 balita dilakukan dengan bantuan komputer PC menggunakan paket software SUDAAN. Uji Hubungan secara statistik dilakukan dengan kai kuadrat, dan logistik regresi multivarite. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa dari 11 variabel yang dipelajari diketahui 6 variabel sebagai variabel prediktor terhadap kejadian diare pada balita. Enam variabel tersebut adalah: pemilikan alat transport, pendidikan ibu, status kerja ibu, jenis pekerjaan bapak, jenis sumber utama air minum digunakan, dan umur balita. Serta variabel pekerjaan bapak yang berinteraksi dengan pendidikan bapak.Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor lingkungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita, khususnya pada enam variabel tersebut diatas. Dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit diare pada balita dalam jangka panjang hendaknya dilakukan dengan memperhatikan faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga dan faktor lingkungan. Upaya ini antara lain dengan meningkatkan pendidikan ibu, pendidikan bapak, meningkatkan penghasilan keluarga, meningkatkan penggunaan sumber air minum. Upaya-upaya tersebut hams dilakukan secara lintas sektor.

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Diarrhea morbidity and mortality causes in Indonesia still high, most aged group is under five years (young children). In long period, the effort to decrease such morbidity by disease prevention. The effort are more effective if the factors that influenced of diarrhea have been found and paid attention to.

The research is intended to study the relation social economic of family factor which includes household expenditure, having goods, mother's education, father's education, mother's job, mother 's clarification against communication media and child age of under five years old. Also to study the relation environmental which includes using drinking water resources and using latrine with diarrhea disease.

This research shall mean a cross-sectional study by utilizing the secondary data of 1994 Demographics and Health Survey. The sample of this research are married women aged 15-49 years (mother of children under five years), the unit analysis are children under five years old. The data of child under five years old used mothers data. The analysis of 16.218 child under five years old data used by personal computer with SUDAAN software. The relationship trial with statistics using Chi Square and Multivariate Logistic Regression.

Data processing result shows that that from 11 variables use to study, 6 variables are predictors of diarrhea of child under five years old. The 6 variables are having vehicle, mother's education, mother's job status, father's job, using drinking water resources, and age of child under five years old, with variables interaction between fathers job and fathers education.

There is any relation between social economic of family factor and environmental factor against diarrhea of child under five years old, particularly for 6 variables above. In order to prevent diarrhea of child underfive years old in long period, it should pay attention to social economic of family and environmental factor. The effort means by increasing mother's education, father's education, family income and increasing using drinking water resource. This effort must be done by many sectors."

"Diare merupakan suatu penyakit yang masih menjadi ancaman kesehatan global terutama bagi anak balita. Penyakit diare adalah penyebab kematian anak balita peringkat kedua di dunia secara global dan penyebab kematian paling tinggi di Indonesia pada tahun 2021. Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki angka kejadian diare balita sebanyak 87.510 kasus dan kejadian kematian balita akibat diare yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan provinsi yang lain, yaitu sebanyak 184 kasus kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui analisis spasial proporsi kejadian penyakit diare balita dengan kepadatan penduduk, sarana air minum, akses sanitasi layak, status gizi buruk, desa stop BABS, dan fasilitas puskesmas di Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi ekologi menggunakan data sekunder yang bersifat open source dari Dinas Kesehatan Jawa Tengah dan Badan Pusat Statistik Jawa Tengah. Data yang didapatkan diolah menggunakan software ArcGIS 10.8 dan Geoda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis univariat, distribusi kejadian diare pada balita di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2021 tertinggi terdapat di Kabupaten Tegal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis autokorelasi terbukti bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian diare pada balita dengan status gizi buruk dan desa stop perilaku BAB Sembarangan dengan, sehingga diperlukan pencegahan dengan penguatan pelaksanaan desa stop BAB Sembarangan dan pelaksanaan giat pencegahan gizi buruk pada anak balita.

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Diarrhea is a disease that is still a threat to global health, especially for children under five. Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death for children under five in the world globally and the highest cause of death in Indonesia in 2021. Central Java province has an incidence of diarrhea under five as many as 87,510 cases and the incidence of under-five deaths due to diarrhea is higher than other provinces, namely 184 cases of death. This study aims to determine the spatial analysis of the proportion of diarrheal disease in children under five with population density, drinking water facilities, access to proper sanitation, poor nutritional status, villages to stop open defecation, and health center facilities in Central Java Province in 2021. This study uses an ecological study design using open source secondary data from the Central Java Health Office and Central Java Statistics Agency. The data obtained was processed using ArcGIS 10.8 and Geoda software. Based on the results of univariate analysis, the highest distribution of diarrhea in toddlers in Central Java Province in 2021 is in Tegal Regency. Based on the results of the autocorrelation analysis it is proven that there is a significant relationship between the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers and malnutrition status and the village stops open defecation behavior with, so prevention is needed by strengthening the implementation of the village stopping open defecation and active implementation of prevention of malnutrition in children under five."