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"Pendahuluan: Metode penugasan keperawatan primer dapat memberikan konsekuensi positif terhadap peningkatan kompetensi, kepuasan kerja perawat, mutu asuhan dan keselamatan pasien. Manajer keperawatan sangat menentukan dan bertanggung jawab terhadap pelaksanaan metode penugasan keperawatan primer. Kemampuan manajer keperawatan dalam melakukan supervisi memberikan berbagai dampak bagi pelayanan keperawatan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan supervisi kepala ruangan terhadap pelaksanaan metode penugasan keperawatan primer di rumah sakit. Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 81 perawat primer yang berasal dari dua rumah sakit di Jabodetabek. Sampel diambil dengan teknik Total sampling. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner yang dimodifikasi dari kuesioner Managerial Competencies of Head Nurses Tool, Overview of primary nursing core elements. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil : Hasil analisis menunjukan ada hubungan signifikan antara supervisi kepala ruangan dengan pelaksanaan metode penugasan keperawatan primer (p=0,047). Simpulan: Kepala ruangan yang melaksanakan supervisi dengan baik dapat melaksanakan metode penugasan keperawatan primer dengan nilai tertinggi. Kata Kunci: Kepala ruangan, metode penugasan keperawatan primer, persepsi perawat primer, supervisi, supervisi dalam pengarahan dan pengawasan.

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Introduction: Primary nursing method can provide a positive consequence towards the increasment of competence, job satisfaction, care quality and patient safety. The nurse manager majorly decides and is responsible of the implementation of primary nursing method. The ability of the manager to supervise provides various effects towards nursing service. Method: The research design used descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The number of samples was 81 primary nurses from two hospitals in Jabodetabek. Samples were taken by total sampling technique. Data were taken using a modified questionnaire from the Managerial Competencies of Head Nurses Tool, Overview of primary nursing core elements questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi Square test. Result: The results of the analysis concluded that there was a significant relationship between the supervision of the head of nurses and the implementation of the primary nursing method (p = 0.047). Conclusion: The head nurses who carries out supervision properly can implemening of the primary nurse with the highest score. Keywords: Head nurses, primary nursing method, perception of primary nurses, supervision in actuating and controlling."

"Supervisi klinis keperawatan pada umumnya telah dilaksanakan oleh kepala ruangan, namun dalam pelaksanaannya belum optimal. Tujuan penelitian : untuk menganalisis keefektifan pelatihan supervisi klinis terhadap kemampuan perawat. Desain penelitan quasi experiment dengan pendekatan pre- post test design with control group dengan jumlah 46 sampel dengan 23 kelompok intervensi dan 23 kelompok kontrol. Pelaksanaan supervisi di RS di Jakarta belum terencana, belum terstruktur, supervisi masih dilakukan secara tidak formal, tidak diberikan umpan balik dengan baik, masih terbatasnya pendokumentasisn tentang rencana dan hasil supervisi yang dilakukan kepala ruangan. Supervisi yang dilakukan masih bersifat insidentil jika ditemukan masalah dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan. Hasil Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan yang bermakna pada kel intervensi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p=0,00; α=0,05). Adanya perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kelompok intervensi sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan supervisi klinis (p= 0,0001). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa efektifitas pelatihan supervisi klinis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kepala ruangan. Rekomendasi : Pelatihan supervisi klinis perlu dilakukan secara berkesinambungan dan dilakukan supervisi yang baik dari atasan agar mutu asuhan keperawatan semakin meningkat.

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Clinical supervision is the most effective method in improving nursing services aimed at improving the quality of nursing care. Research objective : to analyze the effectiveness of clinical supervision training on nurses ability. The research design was a quasi experiment with pre-post test design approach with a control group with a total of 46 samples with 23 intervention groups23 control group. The implementation of supervision in hospital in Jakartahas not been planned,has not been structured, supervision is still carried out informally, not given good feedback,there is still limited documentation of the plan and the result of the supervision carried out by the head nurse. The supervision carried out is still incidental if problems are found in the provision of nursing care.

Result : There was a significan increase in knowledge and skills in the intervention group compared to the control group (p =0,00; Gabungkan saja saja hasilnya. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan yang bermakna pada kel intervensi dibandingkan kel control (p=0,00; α=0,05). Increase in the ability of head nurse after attending clinical supervision training in the intervention group (p 0,0001).The study conclude that clinical supervision training was effective in improving the ability of the head nurse. Recommendation : Clinical supervision training needs to be carried out on an ongoing basis and good supervision from superiors is carried out so thet the quality of nursing care can increase."

"Supervisi konsisten mempengaruhi kinerja perawat tetapi pelaksanaannya pada pelayanan keperawatan di Indonesia cenderung bersifat pengawasan dan kurang memberikan upaya-upaya untuk mendidik, memotivasi, melatih, dan memberi arahan. Model supervisi klinik educative, supportive and Administrative Cycle (ESA-C) dibuat untuk meningkatkan nilai positif dari supervisi. Model ini disintesa dari model supervisi Kadushin, Proctor dan mengintegrasikannya dengan teori interpersonal relationships Peplau serta nilai caratif Watson. Penelitian bertujuan menguji efektifitas model supervisi klinik ESA-C dalam meningkatkan kinerja perawat, menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen pre-post test pada dua kelompok. Dua rumah sakit dirandom dari 5 rumah sakit umum, sampel diambil secara random sebanyak 90 perawat dan 270 pasien secara purposif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model supervisi klinik ESA-C mampu meningkatkan kinerja perawat secara signifikan (p Value < 0.05) pada dimensi task performance: keterampilan teknis sebesar 2%, pemberian edukasi 9%, pemberian dukungan emosionl kepada pasien 14%, dan contextual performance: pemberian bantuan bagi pasien dan keluarga 21%. Model ini disarankan digunakan pada pelayanan keperawatan terutama di rumah sakit dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja perawat dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan kepada pasien.

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Supervision is a consistent variable that affect to job performance. Unfortunately, the supervision that had done only just controlled rather than an effort to educating, coaching, directing, and nurse potential reinforcement. ESA-C clinical supervision model that developed is to eliminate negative side of supervision these times. Educative, supportive, and administrative cycle of clinical supervision model was a result from synthesize of Kadushin's, Proctor's, Heron's, Faugier's, and Experimental's models. The ESA-C model was synthesizing with interpersonal relationship from Peplau's and carative value from Watson's. ESA-C clinical supervision model use a group approach in an educative supervision and individual approach for supportive and administrative supervision.

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of ESA-C clinical supervision model to increasing nurses' job performance. This research used quasi experiment design with intervention and control group. The sample of this research use a random method to 90 nurses (each group has 45 nurses) and 270 patients (each group has 135 patients).

The result of this research revealed that ESA-C clinical supervision model can increase nurses' job performance including task performance dimension (clinical skill, patient education, emotional support) and contextual job performance (assisting patient and the family). This research recommended the using of ESA-C model in hospital to increasing nurses' job performance in giving of nursing care to the patient."

"Supervisi klinis merupakan salah satu kegiatan vital yang perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi seorang psikolog. Kegiatan supervisi klinis tercantum pada beberapa regulasi yang berkenaan dengan profesi psikolog sebagai salah satu kegiatan yang wajib dan disarankan untuk diikuti, baik oleh mahasiswa profesi psikologi hingga psikolog profesional. Oleh sebab itu, perhatian khusus pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hubungan supervisi antara supervisor dan mahasiswa menjadi penting untuk dilakukan. Dengan demikian, tujuan utama dari penelitian ini berusaha untuk meneliti lebih jauh peran faktor internal supervisee, yakni counselling self-efficacy, dalam mempengaruhi hubungan antaran faktor relasional supervisor melalui gaya supervisi yang ditampilkan terhadap kepuasan supervisi atau supervisory working alliance. Terdapat 99 mahasiswa profesi psikologi yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory - Trainee Form, Supervisory Style Inventory – Trainee dan Counseling Self Estimate Inventory. Pengolahan data dengan analisis moderasi memperlihatkan bahwa counselling self-efficacy tidak ditemukan secara signifikan memoderasi hubungan antara gaya supervisi dan supervisory working alliance.

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Clinical supervision is a vital activity that is necessary to enhance the competence of a psychologist. Clinical supervision is mandated and recommended in various regulations related to the psychology profession, and it is considered mandatory for both psychology professional students and practicing psychologists. Therefore, special attention to the factors influencing the supervisory relationship between supervisors and students is important. Thus, the main objective of this study is to further examine the role of internal factors of supervisees, specifically counseling self-efficacy, in influencing the relationship between relational supervisor factors and supervisory working alliance through supervisory style. A total of 99 psychology professional students participated in this study. Measurement tools used in this research included the Supervisory Working Alliance Inventory - Trainee Form, Supervisory Style Inventory - Trainee, and Counseling Self-Esteem Inventory. Data analysis was conducted with moderation analysis, which revealed that counseling self-efficacy did not significantly moderate the relationship between supervisory style and supervisory working alliance."

"ABSTRAKProses pencapaian standar pelayanan keperawatan yang optimal membutuhkan suatu kontrol agar dapat terlaksana sesuai dengan standar mutu yang telah ditetapkan. Supervisi klinik keperawatan merupakan kegiatan yang dilakukan sebagai kontrol dan monitoring terhadap mutu pelayanan keperawatan. Dukungan manajer keperawatan dan staf perawat menjadi penting untuk meningkatkan efektivitas supervisi klinik keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas supervisi klinik keperawatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain Cross Sectional dengan sampel 108 perawat pelaksana yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convienience sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi dan regresi linier ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tuntutan kognitif dengan efektivitas supervisi klinik keperawatan r=0,296, p=0,002 . Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu variabel tuntutan kognitif dapat memprediksi efektivitas supervisi klinik keperawatan sebesar 8,7 . Rumah sakit diharapkan dapat mengoptimalkan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan kognitif perawat melalui kegiatan seperti diskusi refleksi, brainstorming, program pelatihan, dan peningkatan pendidikan.Kata Kunci: efektivitas, mutu, supervisi klinik keperawatan, tuntutan kognitif

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ABSTRACTThe process of achieving the optimal standard of nursing services requires a control to be executed in accordance with predetermined quality standards. Supervision of nursing clinics is an activity undertaken as control and monitoring of nursing service quality. Support of nursing managers and nursing staff becomes important to improve the effectiveness of nursing clinic supervision. This study aims to identify factors that affect the effectiveness of nursing clinic supervision. The research method used Cross Sectional design with sample 108 implementing nurses selected using convienience sampling technique. Data were analyzed using multiple linear correlation and regression test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between cognitive demands and the effectiveness of nursing clinic supervision r 0.296, p 0.002 . The conclusion of this research is the variable of cognitive demand can predict the effectiveness of nursing clinic supervision equal to 8,7 . Hospitals are expected to optimize activities that can improve nursing cognition through activities such as reflection discussions, brainstorming, training programs, and educational improvement. Keywords cognitive demands, effectiveness, nursing clinical supervision, quality. "

"Pendahuluan: Supervisi merupakan implementasi fungsi pengarahan dalam manajemen keperawatan yang bertujuan untuk memastikan dan mempertahankan program terlaksana dengan baik sesuai standar. Usaha pelayanan kesehatan sudah mengalami perubahan dengan bergesernya paradigma yang sebelumnya hanya berfokus kepada quality, sekarang menjadi quality safety. Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara pelaksanaan supervisi kepala ruangan dengan pelaporan insiden dan budaya keselamatan pasien oleh perawat pelaksana di ruang rawat inap.Metode: Menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan sampel berjumlah 108 dari 195 perawat pelaksana. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari karakteristik perawat, supervisi, pelaporan insiden dan budaya keselamatan pasien. Hasil uji validitas dan reliabilitas adalah 0,364-915 (cronbach’s alpha 0,956) untuk variabel supervisi, 0,495-892 (cronbach’s alpha 0,959) untuk variabel pelaporan dan 0,333-694 (cronbach’s alpha 0,927) untuk variabel budaya keselamatan. Hasil: Supervisi mempunyai hubungan cukup kuat (p=0,000, r=0,481) dengan pelaporan insiden dan (p=0,000, r=0,606) dengan budaya keselamatan. Sedangkan karakteristik perawat tidak mempunyai hubungan (p>0,05) baik dengan pelaporan insiden maupun budaya keselamatan. Kesimpulan: Pelaksanaan supervisi kepala ruangan mempunyai hubungan dengan persepsi perawat akan pentingnya pelaporan insiden dan penerapan budaya keselamatan pasien di ruang rawat inap. Rekomendasi yaitu mendorong manajemen keperawatan untuk melaksanakan program supervisi dengan segera dibuatkan kebijakan, pedoman, panduan serta standar operasional prosedur untuk peningkatan pelaksanaan supervisi kepala ruangan di rumah sakit.

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Introduction: Supervision is an implementation of a directive function in nursing management that aims to ensure and maintain a well-executed program according to standards. The health service business has undergone a change with a shift in the paradigm that previously focused only on quality, now to quality safety.

Objective: To identify the relationship between the implementation of headroom supervision and reporting and patient safety culture by nursing staff in the inpatient room.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 108 of 195 nurses. Patient safety instruments from nurses, supervision, reporting and patient safety. The results of the validity and reliability tests were 0.364-915 (alpha cronbach 0.956) for the control variable, 0.495-892 (alpha cronbach 0.959) for the reporting variable and 0.333-694 (alpha cronbach 0.927) for the safety culture variable.

Result: Supervision has a strong enough relationship (p = 0.000, r = 0.481) with reporting and (p = 0.000, r = 0.606) with safety culture. While the context of nurses has no relationship (p> 0.05) both in reporting and safety culture.

Conclusion: Supervision of the head of the room which has a relationship with nurses' perceptions of reporting and the application of patient culture in the inpatient room. The recommendation is to encourage nursing management to carry out the supervision program by immediately making policies, guidelines, and standard operating procedures to improve the implementation of supervision of the head of the room in the hospital."

"Implementasi keselamatan pasien oleh perawat pelaksana di Indonesia masih rendah, sehingga penting dilakukan pelaksanaan supervisi oleh kepala ruangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan pelaksanaan supervisi dengan implementasi keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling terhadap 131 perawat pelaksana yang bekerja di ruang rawat inap. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan 50 item. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara univariat dengan tendensi sentral dan proporsi serta analisis bivariat dengan uji spearman correlation. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara implementasi keselamatan pasien dengan pelaksanaan supervisi (p=0.001; r=0.290). Semakin baik kepala ruangan melakukan supervisi akan semakin baik perawat pelaksana melakukan implementasi keselamatan pasien, sehingga prinsip supervisi yang sudah baik harus dipertahankan bahkan ditingkatkan.

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The implementation of patient safety by primary nurse in Indonesia is still low, it is important to carry out supervision by the head nurse. This study aims to identify the correlation between the implementation of supervision and the implementation of patient safety in hospitals. The research method uses a cross sectional approach. The research sample was taken using a total sampling technique from 131 primary nurse who worked in the inpatient ward. The data collection tool used a questionnaire with 50 items. The collected data was analyzed univariately with central tendency and proportions and bivariate analysis with the pearson correlation test. The results of this study show a significant correlation between the implementation of patient safety and the implementation of supervision (p=0.001; r=0.290). The better supervision done by the head nurse makes the better implementation of patient safety by the primary nurse, so that the principles of good supervision must be maintained and even improved."

"Penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan pre post test design with control group ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan supervisi terhadap pemahaman kepala ruangan dan wakil kepala ruangan tentang supervisi di RSUD Tugurejo Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan bermakna (p=0.001) pada pemahaman kepala ruangan dan wakil kepala ruangan setelah mendapat pelatihan supervisi pada kelompok intervensi (N=30) dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (N=30). Karakteristik individu yang meliputi jenis kelamin, umur, lama kerja, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak bermakna secara signifikan terhadap pemahaman kepala ruangan dan wakil kepala ruangan tentang supervisi. RSUD Tugurejo Semarang dapat mengupayakan dan meningkatkan pemahaman kepala ruangan dan wakil kepala ruangan tentang supervisi dengan melakukan pelatihan supervisi secara berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat diterapkan di tatanan pelayanan keperawatan dalam rangka lebih meningkatkan pelaksanaan supervisi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Tugurejo Semarang, pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan.

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The objective of the research was to know the influence of supervision training to the understanding of the Head and Vice of the ward about supervision at RSUD Tugurejo, Semarang. The method used in the research was quasi experiment with pre posttest design with control group. From the research it was found out that there was meaningful improvement (p value 0.001) towards the understanding of the Head and Vice of the ward about supervision (N=30) after they had supervision training compared to control group (N=30). The individual characteristics of sex, age, working period and level of education did not give significant influence to the understanding of the Head and Vice of the ward about supervision.

RSUD Tugurejo Semarang can try to improve the understanding of the Head and Vice of the ward about supervision by giving the supervision continuously. The result of the research is expected to be applied in the system of nursing service in order to increase the supervision implementation at the hospital which later is hoped to improve the quality of nursing service."