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"Latar Belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah peradangan kronik pilosebasea yang umum terjadi pada semua usia, terutama remaja dan dewasa muda serta dapat memengaruhi psikologis pasien. Tata laksana AV merupakan sebuah tantangan karena keberagaman dalam menentukan diagnosis dan pilihan terapi antar negara. Indonesia mempunyai beberapa pedoman tatalaksana AV yang mempunyai similaritas antara lain konsensus IAEM 2015, PPK Perdoski dan PPK RSCM di tahun 2017.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas terapi standar AV berdasarkan panduan praktik klinis di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian merupakan studi observasional analitik secara retrospektif di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo menggunakan rekam medis tahun 2017-2019. Sampel penelitian merupakan rekam medis pasien AV baru yang diikuti selama 3 bulan dan dengan metode total sampling. Data subjek yang diambil termasuk karakteristik sosiodemografi, karakteristik klinis, diagnosis, terapi berdasarkan PPK RSCM 2017, dan hasil terapi. Studi dan analisis dilakukan pada bulan April 2023 hingga Juli 2023.Hasil: Terdapat 131 SP yang memenuhi kriteria, 63,4% AV sedang, 20,6% AV ringan, dan 16% AV berat. Sebagian besar SP (92,4%) mempunyai AV dengan awitan sebelum usia 25 tahun. Median lama sakit AV yaitu 48 bulan. Riwayat terapi AV sebelumnya ditemukan pada 58% SP dan riwayat konsumsi obat akne pada 16% SP. Faktor risiko terbanyak berupa riwayat AV pada orang tua. Terapi utama paling banyak digunakan yaitu kombinasi retinoic acid, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotik topikal dan antibiotik oral pada 22,2% SP. Terapi standar AV secara bermakna menurunkan median jumlah lesi noninflamasi (25 vs. 8; p<0,001), median jumlah lesi inflamasi (10 vs. 2; p<001), median jumlah lesi total (41 vs. 10; p<0,001) setelah 3 bulan terapi, dengan median penurunan ketiga jumlah lesi lebih dari 50%. Proporsi derajat keparahan AV berbeda secara bermakna pada 3 bulan (p<0,001), dimana AV ringan meningkat (20,6% vs 93,1%) dan AV sedang atau berat menurun (sedang = 63,6% vs. 6,1%; berat = 16% vs. 0,8%).Kesimpulan: Terapi standar AV berdasarkan PPK di Indonesia efektif dalam mengurangi jumlah lesi noninflamasi, lesi inflamasi, dan lesi total, dan menurunkan derajat keparahan AV.

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Background: Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit affecting all ages, especially teenagers and young adults, and often leads to psychological impairment. Management of acne vulgaris has been challenging due to various diagnostic parameters and treatment options across nations. Several treatment guidelines are available in Indonesia, of which have similarities among one another, such as consensus by Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting in 2015 and clinical practice guidelines by the Indonesian Society of Dermatology and Venereology and by Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital in 2017.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of standard therapy for acne based on the clinical practice guidelines in Indonesia

Methods: This is an analytical retrospective observational study using medical records from Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital between 2017 – 2019. Research samples were medical records of new acne patients followed for 3 months by a total sampling technique. Extracted data included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and therapy based on the clinical practice guideline by Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital in 2017 and the results. This study was conducted from April 2023 to July 2023.

Results: There were 131 subjects included, of which 63,4% were with moderate acne, 20,6% with mild acne, and 16% with severe acne. Most participants (92,4%) experienced acne for the first time before 25 years old. The median duration from the first occurrence of acne to the visit was 48 months. History of topical and oral acne therapy was found in 58% and 16% of participants, respectively. History of acne in parents was the most reported risk factor. Most subjects (22,2%) received a combination of retinoic acid, benzoyl peroxide, topical antibiotic, and oral antibiotic. Standard therapies significantly reduced the median of non-inflammatory lesions (25 vs. 8; p<0,001), inflammatory lesions (10 vs. 2; p<001), and total lesions (41 vs. 10; p<0,001) after a 3 month-therapy, with the median of reduction for all type of lesions over 50%. The proportion of acne severity differed significantly after three months (p<0,001), with an increasing proportion of mild acne (20,6% vs 93,1%) and decreasing percentage of moderate and severe acne (moderate = 63,6% vs. 6,1%; severe = 16% vs. 0,8%).

Conclusion: Standard therapy for acne vulgaris in clinical practice guidelines in Indonesia is effective for noninflammatory lesions, inflammatory lesions, and total lesions, as well as acne severity after 12 weeks."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit unit pilosebasea kronis tersering yang dapat menimbulkan dampak psikologis berat dan mengganggu kualitas hidup penderitanya. Penggunaan terapi ajuvan yaitu ekstraksi lesi akne yang dikombinasikan dengan terapi standar dapat memperbaiki kondisi klinis dan kualitas hidup penderita akne. Pengukuran kualitas hidup penting dilakukan untuk menilai keberhasilan terapi. Saat ini telah tersedia kuesioner kualitas hidup spesifik akne berbahasa Indonesia (Acne-QoL- INA) yang tervalidasi, namun belum pernah ada data mengenai perbandingan kualitas hidup antara terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar.Metode: Studi uji klinis acak terkontrol tersamar tunggal ini dilakukan pada subjek akne vulgaris dewasa derajat sedang berdasarkan kriteria Lehmann yang dibagi ke dalam kelompok terapi kombinasi standar dan ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi kombinasi) serta terapi standar tanpa ekstraksi lesi akne (terapi standar). Skor kualitas hidup berdasarkan kuesioner Acne-QoL-INA dinilai pada baseline, minggu ke-4, dan minggu ke-8 setelah terapi. Selain itu, penilaian jumlah lesi dan derajat keparahan akne diukur pada setiap kunjungan oleh seorang evaluator secara tersamar melalui foto klinis.Hasil: Sebanyak 40 subjek dengan median usia 24 tahun (18–48), 17,5% laki-laki dan 82,5% perempuan berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Skor Acne-QoL-INA baseline untuk kelompok kombinasi dan kelompok terapi standar masing-masing adalah 41 (37,5– 57) dan 45,5 (37–63), meningkat menjadi 79 (67,5–94,5) dan 72,5 (59,25–98,5) pada minggu ke-8 namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik antar kedua kelompok (p=0,602). Jumlah lesi baseline pada kedua kelompok masing-masing 35 dan 32, menurun menjadi 18 dan 13 pada minggu ke-8 (p<0,0001) dan perbaikan derajat keparahan menjadi akne ringan pada 100% subjek di minggu ke-8.Kesimpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan dalam skor Acne-QoL-INA dan perbaikan klinis antara kelompok terapi kombinasi dan terapi standar pada pasien AV sedang. Namun, terapi kombinasi cenderung meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan pengurangan lesi lebih baik daripada terapi standar.

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Background: Acne Vulagis (AV) is the most commom chronic disease of the pilosebaceous unit that can have a significant psychological impact and reduce the quality of life. The use of adjuvant therapy such as acne lesion extraction, in combination with standard therapy could better improve clinical outcomes and quality of life. Assessing quality of life is crucial to evaluate the success of therapy. Currently, there has been a validated acne-specific quality of life questionnaire in Indonesian (Acne-QoL-INA), but there is no existing data on the comparison of quality of life between combination therapy and standard therapy.

Method: This single-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on adult subjects with moderate acne vulgaris based on Lehmann criteria, who were divided into combinations of standard therapy with acne lesion extraction (combination therapy) group, and standard therapy without acne lesion extraction (standard therapy) group. Quality of life score based on the Acne-QoL-INA questionnaire was assessed at the baseline, 4th, and 8th week after therapy. Additionally, the assessment of lesion number and acne grading is also measured at each visit by a blinded evaluator through clinical photos.

Results: A total of 40 subjects with a median age of 24 years old (18–48), comprising 17.5% males and 82.5% females, participated in this study. The baseline Acne-QoL-INA scores for the combination therapy and the standard therapy group were 41 (37.5–57) and 45.5 (37–63), respectively. These scores increased to 79 (67.5–94.5) and 72.5 (59.25– 98.5) at week 8 but did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups (p=0.602). The baseline lesion count in both groups was 35 and 32, respectively, and decreased to 18 and 13 at week 8 (p<0.0001), with an improvement in the severity to mild acne in 100% of subjects by week 8.

Conclusion: There was no difference in Acne-QoL-INA scores and clinical improvement between the combination therapy and standard therapy groups in moderate AV patients. However, combination therapy tended to improve the quality of life and lesion reduction better than standard therapy."

"Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris AV adalah penyakit inflamasi kronik yang ditandai adanya lesi polimorfik di area predileksi AV. Tatalaksana AV terdiri dari terapi standar dan terapi adjuvan. Salah satu terapi adjuvan yang selalu diberikan pada pasien AV adalah frekuensi cuci wajah AV. Sampai saat ini, rekomendasi frekuensi cuci wajah pasien dengan AV di negara tropis adalah berdasarkan rekomendasi umun dan pendapat ahli. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas frekuensi cuci wajah sebagai terapi adjuvan pada akne vulgaris derajat ringan dan sedang. Metode: Uji klinis acak buta tunggal dilakukan terhadap mahasiswa AV di Klinik UI Makara pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2018. Mahasiswa yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan tidak memenuhui kriteria penolakan serta bersedia ikut dalam penelitian mendapat perlakuan berupa frekuensi cuci wajah 2 kali dan 3 kali per hari sesuai hasil randomisasi. Seluruh SP memperoleh terapi standar dan pembersih wajah yang sama. Jumlah lesi AV, kadar sebum, nilai TEWL, serta efek samping pada wajah SP akan dinilai selama 6 minggu dan evaluasi dilakukan pada minggu ke-3 dan minggu ke-6. Analisis hasil penelitian dilakukan dengan metode intention to treat. Hasil: Diperoleh total 36 subjek penelitian. Pada penelitin ini terdapat 1 SP drop out yaitu SP pada kelompok cuci wajah 2 kali per hari. Efektivitas frekuensi cuci wajah 3 kali per hari tidak berbeda bermakna dengan 2 kali per hari dalam penurunan jumlah lesi AV dengan median 23 (0-62) dibandingkan 20 (0-37), p = 0,341. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara frekuensi cuci wajah 3 kali dibandingkan 2 kali per hari dalam hal penurunan kadar sebum, peningkatan nilai TEWL dan efek samping yang terjadi. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan efektivitas frekuensi cuci wajah 3 kali per hari dibandingkan 2 kali per hari sebagai terapi adjuvan dalam hal penurunan jumlah lesi AV pada wajah mahasiswa AVR dan AVS yang mendapat terapi standar.

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Background: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by polymorphic lesions in the predilection area. Management of AV consists of standard therapy and adjunctive therapy. One of the adjunctive therapies that must be given to AV patients is the frequency of face washing. Recently, the recommendation of face washing frequency for AV patients in tropical countries is based on the general recommendation and expert opinion. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of face washing frequency as an adjuvant therapy on mild and moderate AV. Methods: A single blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on AV students at UI Makara Clinic from May to June 2018. Students who met the criteria of acceptance and did not meet the criteria of rejection and were willing to join the study were treated 2 and 3 times per day according to randomization. All participants were given standard therapy and same cleanser. AV lesions counts, sebum level, TEWL scores, and side effects on participant face would be assessed within six weeks by evaluating at week-3 and week-6. The analysis of study result was done by intention-to-treat method. Result: The total of 36 participants was recruited. In this study, there was 1 participant dropped out from the twice-per-day face washing group. There was no significant difference from the thrice-per-day and twice-per-day groups in terms of decreasing of total AV lesions with median 23 (0-62) versus 20 (0-37), p = 0,341. In addition, there was no significant difference in terms of decreasing sebum level, increasing of TEWL score, and adverse events. Conclusion: There was no difference in effectiveness of face washing frequency 3 times per day compared to 2 times per day with regard to decrease AV lesions in the face of mild and moderate AV students receiving standard therapy. "

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit peradangan menahun unit pilosebasea yang bersifat swasirna, ditandai dengan lesi pleomorfik berupa papul, komedo, pustul, dan nodul. Pengobatan AV memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Penyakit menahun dengan waktu pengobatan yang lama, berdampak terhadap kepatuhan pasien. Kepatuhan pengobatan topikal lebih rendah daripada sistemik. Hanya akne vulgaris ringan (AVR) yang diterapi menggunakan obat-obatan topikal saja. Layanan pesan singkat merupakan salah satu cara yang praktis dan efisien dalam upaya meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan AV, dengan pertimbangan prevalensi AV lebih banyak pada usia remaja dan dewasa muda yang merupakan pengguna terbanyak layanan tersebut. Dengan layanan ini, diharapkan pasien tidak lupa menggunakan obat topikal pada AVR. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan pesan singkat elektronik terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan AVR.Metode: Studi eksperimen dengan desain randomized controlled trial (RCT) terhadap pasien AVR usia 15-25 tahun yang berobat ke Poliklinik Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin (IKKK) Rumah Sakit dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM). Penelitian ini melibatkan 2 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok intervensi yang mendapat pesan singkat elektronik dan kelompok kontrol. Kedua kelompok diberi pengobatan tretinoin krim 0,05% dan/atau klindamisin gel 1,2% selama 6 minggu.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kepatuhan pengobatan AVR kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok intervensi pada minggu kedua (p=0,376) dan keempat (p=0,432). Namun pada minggu keenam, kelompok intervensi secara bermakna lebih patuh daripada kelompok kontrol (p=0,032).Kesimpulan: Pesan singkat elektronik meningkatkan kepatuhan pengobatan AVR terutama pada minggu keenam di Poliklinik IKKK RSCM.

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ABSTRACTBackground and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesions consist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires a long duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapy usually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower than systemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic text messaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence to AV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens and young adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service. With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messaging to improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AV patients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: intervention group who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the control group. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin 1,2% gel for six weeks.Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapy between both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). The intervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the control group in the sixth week (p = 0.032).Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.;Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.;Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital., Background and objectives: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a self limited, chronicinflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, characterized by pleomorphic lesionsconsist of papules, comedones, pustules, and nodules. Acne vulgaris requires along duration of treatment. Chronic disease with a long duration of therapyusually has an impact on adherence. Topical therapy adherence is lower thansystemic. Only mild AV is treated with topical medications. Electronic textmessaging is a practical and efficient method in order to improve adherence toAV therapy, with a consideration of the AV prevalence are more on teens andyoung adults who are the majority users of electronic text messaging service.With this method, patients are expected not to forget the use of medication. Thisstudy was conducted to determine the effectiveness of electronic text messagingto improve adherence of mild AV therapy.Methods: Experimental study, randomized controlled trial (RCT) to mild AVpatients, age 15-25 years old who came to Dermatology and Venereology Clinicdr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This study involved two groups: interventiongroup who received electronic text messaging, and the contrary is the controlgroup. Both groups were prescribed tretinoin 0,05% cream and/or clindamycin1,2% gel for six weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in adherence of mild AV therapybetween both groups in the second (p = 0.376) and fourth week (p = 0.432). Theintervention group was significantly higher in terms of adherence than the controlgroup in the sixth week (p = 0.032). Conclusions: Electronic text messaging improve adherence of mild AV therapy especially in the sixth week at Dermatology and Venereology Clinic dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.]"

"Latar belakang. Akne vulgaris adalah kelainan kulit yang sering ditemukan dengan beragam pilihan terapi. Tujuan. Membandingkan penambahan fototerapi LED kombinasi sinar biru dan merah pada paduan terapi lini pertama dengan tanpa fototerapi pada akne vulgaris derajat sedang (AVS). Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan desain uji klinis acak terkontrol membandingkan dua sisi wajah (split-face). Subyek diberikan paduan terapi lini pertama. Sisi wajah fototerapi diberikan fototerapi LED kombinasi sinar biru dan merah satu kali per minggu selama empat minggu berturutan, sedangkan sisi wajah kontrol tanpa fototerapi. Hasil. Pada minggu ke-4 dan 8, efektivitas penambahan fototerapi berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan tanpa fototerapi pada lesi noninflamasi (54,42% dan 75,59%) maupun pada lesi inflamasi (75% dan 89,44%). Efek samping minimal dan bersifat sementara. Rasio inkremental efektivitas-biaya sebesar Rp. 19.447,- untuk mendapatkan perbedaan persentase penurunan jumlah lesi AVS 1% lebih besar. Kesimpulan. Penambahan fototerapi LED kombinasi sinar biru dan merah pada paduan terapi lini pertama AVS lebih efektif, aman, namun tidak memiliki efektivitas-biaya lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tanpa fototerapi.

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Background. Acne vulgaris is a common disease with varied therapeutic regiments. Aim. To compare adjuvant of blue and red light combination light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy to first line therapy regiment with no phototherapy in moderate acne vulgaris patients. Method. This is an analytic study with randomized control trial design comparing both halfface (split-face). Subjects were given first line therapy regiment. Half-face was given blue and red light combination LED phototherapy once a week for four weeks, while the other half-face with no phototherapy. Result. Significant reductions achieved between phototherapy effectivities compared to no photo therapy at 4th and 8th weeks in noninflamed lesions (54,42% and 75,59%) as in inflamed lesions (75% and 89,44%). Side effects are minimal and temporary. Cost-effectiveness ratio is Rp. 19.447,- to gain more 1% percentage reduction in lesion count . Conclusion. Adjuvant of blue and red light combination LED phototherapy to first line therapy regiment is more effective, safe, but doesn't have better costeffectiveness compared with no phototherapy."

"Latar belakang: Kuesioner spesifik akne vulgaris AV berbahasa Indonesia yang valid dan reliabel hingga saat ini masih belum ada. Tujuan penelitian ini menilai validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner Acne-Specific Quality of Life berbahasa IndonesIa Acne-QoL-INA pada pasien AV di Indonesia, sehingga dapat mempunyai alat untuk mengubah data subjektif yang didapat dari keluhan pasien menjadi data objektif yang dapat terukur. Metode: Acne-QoL asli berbahasa Inggris diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan mengikuti pedoman adaptasi lintas budaya. Acne-QoL-INA diisi oleh 48 pasien AV rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Indonesia. Analisa validitas menggunakan validitas konstruksi, dilakukan dengan menghitung koefisien korelasi setiap pertanyaan dengan skor ranah dan total korelasi Pearson . Konsistensi internal menggunakan Cronbach untuk menganalisa reliabilitas. Hasil: Usia pasien pada penelitian ini adalah 18 tahun hingga 43 tahun, dengan nilai median 24 tahun. Hasil uji validitas Acne-QoL-INA dengan nilai koefisien korelasi setiap pertanyaan dengan skor ranah adalah 0,47-0,922 serta setiap pertanyaan dengan skor total adalah 0,321-0,789. Hasil uji reliabilitas seluruh ranah Acne-QoL-INA diperoleh Cronbach sebesar 0,756. Kesimpulan: Acne-QoL-INA merupakan instrumen yang valid dan reliabel untuk menilai kualitas hidup pasien AV di Indonesia.

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Background: Until now, There is stil no specific questionnaire for acne vulgaris AV in Indonesian language that valid and reliable. The aim of this study to assess validity and reliability Acne Specific Quality of Life in Bahasa Indonesia Acne QoL INA with AV patien in Indonesia, so we can have the tools to change the subjective data obtained from the patient 39 s complaints into objective data that can be measurable.

Methods: Original English version Acne QoL was translated to Indonesian language according to cross cultural adaptation guideline. Acne QoL INA was administered by 48 patients with AV patient at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital in Indonesia. Validity analysis used construct validity, by using item domain and item total score correlation coefficient Pearson correlation. Internal consistency using Cronbach were used for reliability analysis.

Result: Age of patient in this study range from 18 to 43 years median 24 years. Validity of Acne QoL INA with analysis item domain score correlation coefficient is 0,47 0,922 and item total score correlation coefficient is 0,321 0,789. Reliability of all domain of Acne QoL INA with Cronbach score is 0,756.

Conclusion: Acne QoL INA is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the quality of life of AV patients in Indonesia."

"Latar belakang. Rekomendasi Global Alliance dalam penanganan AVS meliput antibiotik, asam retinoat, dengan atau tanpa BPO. Resistensi obat menjadi perhatian utama pada penggunaan antibiotik jangka panjang dalam terapi akne vulgaris sedang. Kombinasi antibiotik dan BPO direkomendasikan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Pada tipe kulit IV-V hiperpigmentasi pasca akne merupakan masalah yang sering dikeluhkan. Tujuan. Membandingkan efektivitas, efek samping dan kejadian hiperpigmentasi pasca inflamasi penggunaan BPO sebagai paduan terapi lini pertama AVS pada tipe kulit IV-V Fitzpatrick. Metode. Penelitian analitik dengan desaain uji klinis acak tersamar ganda membandingkan dua sisi wajah. Subyek diberikan paduan terapi lini pertama. Sisi wajah perlakuan diberikan gel BPO 2,5% sedangkan kelompok kontrol gel plasebo. Hasil. Pada minggu ke-2,4,6,8 didapatkan penurunan persentase total lesi sebesar 51,47%, 71%, 75%, 82,84% pada kelompok BPO dan 30%, 53,75%, 62,28, 71% pada kelompok plasebo (p<0,001 .) Efek samping dan kejadian HPI pada minggu ke 2,4,6 dan 8 tidak berbeda bermakna. Kesimpulan. Penggunaan BPO sebagai bagian dari paduan terapi lini pertama AVS lebih efektif, tidak meningkatkan efek samping ataupun kejadian HPI.

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Background. Global alliance recommendation for moderate acne treatment are antibiotic, retinoic acid with or without benzoyl peroxide. Drug resistance become the most common problem due to longterm use of antibiotic in acne treatment. Combination of antibiotic and BPO is recommeded to overcome this problem. In patient with skin type IV-V post acne hyperpigmentation is one of the most significant complaint.

Aim. To compare efectivity, side effect and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation of BPO 2,5% gel as a part of first line therapy regiment in patient with skin type IV-V.

Method. This is an analytic study with randomized control trial design comparing both half-face (split-face). Subjects were given first line therapy regiment. Half-face was given BPO 2,5% gel twice daily while other half face with placebo.

Result. Total lesions reduction in BPO group on week 2,4,6,8 were 51,47%, 71%, 75%, 82,84% respectively and 30%, 53,75%, 62,28, 71% in placebo group respectively.

Conclusion. BPO as a part of first line therapy regiment for moderate acne is more effective, with no increase of side effect nor post inflammatory hyperpigmentation compared to placebo."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian yang membahas hubungan antara seng dan derajat keparahan akne masih terbatas dengan hasil yang tidak konsisten antara satu penelitian dengan penelitian yang lain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang komparasi untuk menilai hubungan asupan seng dan konsentrasi seng serum dengan derajat keparahan akne vulgaris berdasarkan kriteria Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting. Dilakukan penilaian asupan seng dan pemeriksaan konsentrasi seng serum terhadap 60 pasien akne vulgaris di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Analisis data asupan seng terhadap derajat keparahan akne menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan sedangkan analisis data konsentrasi seng serum terhadap derajat keparahan akne menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney. Pada penelitian ini, asupan seng pada seluruh subjek berada dibawah nilai Angka Kecukupan Gizi Indonesia dan rerata asupan seng pada kelompok akne ringan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat. Konsentrasi seng serum pada kelompok akne ringan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat. Ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara asupan seng pada kelompok akne derajat ringan dengan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat, dan konsentrasi seng serum antara kelompok akne derajat ringan dengan kelompok akne derajat sedang berat.

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ABSTRACTZinc recently known to have an effect on reducing the severity of acne, but this finding was still inconsistent between one study to another. A comparation cross sectional study was conducted to assess the association of zinc intake and serum zinc level with the severity of acne based on Indonesian Acne Expert Meeting criteria. A total of 60 acne patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were selected. Data analysis on zinc intake on acne severity using unpaired T test while zinc serum concentration on acne severity with Mann Whitney test. In this study, zinc intake in all subjects was below the Indonesian Recommended Daily Allowance and mean of zinc intake in mild acne group was higher compare to the moderate severe acne group. Zinc serum level in mild acne group was higher compare to the moderate severe acne group. There was a significant difference between zinc intake in mild and moderate severe acne group, and zinc serum level between mild and moderate severe acne group."

"Akne vulgaris (AV) merupakan kelainan kulit menahun folikel pilosebasea yang banyak dijumpai remaja dan dewasa muda. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan adanya hubungan antara seng dan AV. Penelitian dengan desain kasus kontrol ini bertujuan mencari hubungan kadar seng serum dengan derajat keparahan AV berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann dan dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi. Tujuh puluh subyek dengan AV, terdiri atas 35 AV ringan (AVR) [kelompok A] dan 35 AV sedang (AVS) dan AV berat (AVB) [kelompok B] berdasarkan klasifikasi Lehmann diperiksakan kadar seng serum yang diukur menggunakan Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hasil kadar seng serum kelompok A median (min-maks) 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L dan kelompok B median (min-maks) 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Kadar seng serum kelompok A lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok B (p<0,001). Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi inflamasi pada AV(r -0,488). Sebagai tambahan didapatkan korelasi negatif kadar seng serum dengan jumlah lesi non inflamasi (r-0,582) ataupun total lesi AV (r-0,662). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kadar seng serum berhubungan dengan derajat keparahan AV menurut klasifikasi Lehmann, yakni kadar seng serum lebih rendah pada AV derajat berat dan sedang dibandingkan derajat ringan, dan sejalan dengan hubungannya terhadap jumlah lesi, baik inflamasi, non inflamasi, dan total lesi.

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Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic cutaneous disorder in pilosebaceous follicles affecting many of the adolescents and young adults. Several studies have reported an association between serum zinc level and acne vulgaris. This case-control study aimed to find the relationship between serum zinc level with severity of AV according on Lehmann?s classification and the number of inflamatory lesions. Seventy AV subjects, consisting of 35 subjects with mild AV (Group A) and 35 subjects with moderate and severe AV (Group B) based on Lehmann's classification are measured their serum zinc levels with Atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In group A serum zinc level median (min-max) was 11,15 (10,23-14,21) μmol/L and in group B, median (min-max) was 9,93 (6,72-10,69) μmol/L. Serum zinc levels in group A were statistically significant higher than group B (𝑃𝑃<0,001). There was a negative correlation between serum zinc levels with the number of inflammatory lesions (r-0,488). Additional result obtained were negative correlation between serum zinc levels with number of non-inflammatory lesions (r-0,582) and total lesion of AV (r-0,662). The results of this study proved that serum zinc levels was associated with the severity of AV according to Lehmann's classification,i.e. serum zinc levels were lower in severe and moderate acne compared with mild acne, and in line with its correlation to number of lesions, either inflammatory, non-inflammatory, and total lesions."

"Pendahuluan : Nyeri kanker bukan hanya terjadi akibat dari kanker itu sendiri namun mencakup pengobatan, efek samping pengobatan, proses diagnosis dan hal lain yang tidak berhubungan dengan penyakit kanker itu sendiri. Dalam penanggulangan nyeri banyak obat analgetik yang digunakan sehingga menimbulkan efek samping. Baik nyeri yang tidak teratasi maupun efek samping pengobatan nyeri dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien dengan nyeri kanker. Salah satu pendekatan terapi non farmakologi yang dapat digunakan adalah menambahkan akupunktur pada terapi standar nyeri. Akupunktur telah terbukti dapat menurunkan intensitas nyeri. Namun, aplikasi pada pasien kanker masing jarang dilakukan dalam praktek rawat inap rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai efektivitas manual akupunktur dalam mengurangi intensitas nyeri yang dinilai dengan skor Visual Analog Scale (VAS) dan peningkatan kualitas hidup yang dinilai dengan The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30)pada pasien nyeri kanker ginekologi yang dirawat inap .Metode : Desain studi ini adalah uji klinis acak terkontrol tunggal dengan kontrol terapi standar. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 58 pasien kanker ginekologi yang mengalami nyeri pada saat rawat inap. Subjek penelitian dialokasikan secara acak ke dalam kelompok perlakuan (n=29) dan kontrol (n=29). Pada kelompok manual akupunktur dan terapi standar diberikan terapi akupunktur pada titik LI4 Hegu, PC6 Neiguan, LR3 Taichong dan ST36 Zusanli, dilakukan setiap hari selama 3 hari, sementara pasien pada kelompok kontrol pasien hanya menerima terapi standar berupa obat analgetik saja.Hasil : Penambahan terapi manual akupunktur dalam terapi standar didapatkan perbedaan signifikan dalam intensitas nyeri pada hari pertama, penurunan nyeri pada hari pertama dan kedua bila dibanding dengan hanya terapi standar. Pada penilaian kualitas hidup didapatkan peningkatan kualitas hidup yang lebih menyeluruh dengan penambahan manual akupunktur pada terapi standar dibanding hanya terapi standar saja. Penggunaan analegetik pada kelompok manual akupunktur dan terapi standar lebih sedikit dibanding terapi standarKesimpulan : Penambahan manual akupunktur pada terapi standar meningkatkan penurunan intensitas nyeri, meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan menurunkan dosis obat analgetik.

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Introduction: Cancer pain does not only occur as a result of cancer itself but includes treatment, side effects of treatment, the diagnosis procedure and other things that are not related to cancer itself. In treating pain, many analgesic drugs are used which can cause side effects. Both unresolved pain and side effects of pain treatment can affect the quality of life of patients with cancer pain. One non-pharmacological therapy approach that can be used is adding acupuncture to standard pain therapy. Acupuncture has been proven to reduce pain intensity. However, its application to cancer patients is rarely carried out in hospital inpatient. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of manual acupuncture in reducing pain intensity as assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score and patient quality of life assessed by The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ- C30) in hospitalized gynecological cancer pain patients.

Methods: The design of this study is a single randomized controlled clinical trial with standard therapy controls. This study followed 58 gynecological cancer patients who experienced pain during hospitalization. Research subjects were randomly allocated into treatment (n=29) and control (n=29) groups. In the manual acupuncture and standard therapy groups, acupuncture therapy was given at points LI4 Hegu, PC6 Neiguan, LR3 Taichong and ST36 Zusanli, carried out every day for 3 days, while patients in the control group only received standard therapy in the form of analgesic drugs.

Results: The addition of manual acupuncture therapy to standard therapy resulted in a significant difference in pain intensity on the first day, a decrease in pain on the first and second days when compared with standard therapy alone. In assessing the quality of life, it was found that there was a more comprehensive improvement in quality of life with the addition of manual acupuncture to standard therapy compared to standard therapy alone. The use of analgesics in the manual acupuncture and standard therapy groups was less than standard therapy

Conclusion: The addition of manual acupuncture to standard therapy increases pain intensity reduction, improves quality of life and reduces the dose of analgesic drugs."