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"Penggunaan obat yang menghambat sistem renin-angiotensin adalah salah satu cara efektif dalam mengintervensi patogenesis kelainan-kelainan kardiovaskular dan ginjal khususnya dalam terapi hipertensi. Ide untuk menhambat sistem renin pada muaranya dengan renin inhibitor telah dimulai sejak lebih dari 30 tahun yang lalu. Renin inhibitor menghambat perubahan angiotensinogen menjadi angiotensin, yang selanjutnya mengurangi pembentukan peptida aktif angiotensin II. Generasi pertama (enalkiren) dan generasi kedua (remikiren) dari renin inhibitor yang secara oral aktif, tidak pernah digunakan secara klinis karena rendahnya bioavailabilitas oral dan lemahnya aktivitas anti hipertensinya. Saat ini aliskiren, non-peptida renin inhibitor pertama yang secara oral aktif dari generasi ketiga telah melalui uji klinik di fase III dan telah disetujui oleh U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pada bulan Maret 2007. Obat ini merupakan renin inhibitor pertama dengan indikasi hipertensi di Indonesia, suatu obat dengan bioavailabilitas oral, spesifi sitas dan efi kasi yang lebih baik. Makalah ini membahas perkembangan serta aspek farmakologi dari aliskiren.

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AbstractThe use of drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system is one of the effective way to intervene in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal disorders, especially in hypertension treatment. The idea of blocking the renin system at its origin by renin inhibitor has existed for more than 30 years. Renin inhibitor supresses the covension of angiotensinogen into angiotensin, and further deacreases the generation of the active peptide angiotensin II. The first generation (enalkiren) and second generation (remikiren) of orally active renin inhibitors were never used clinically because of low bioavailability and weak blood pressure-lowering activity. At present, aliskiren is the fi rst non-peptide orally active renin inhibitor of the third generation to progress to phase III clinical trials and was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2007. Aliskiren becomes the fi rst renin inhibitor with indications for the treatment of hypertension in Indonesia, a compounds with improved oral bioavailability, specifi city and effi cacy. This review summarises the development of oral renin inhibitors, pharmacological aspects, with a focus on aliskiren. "

"Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan salah satu penyakit sistem kardiovaskular yang memiliki tingkat prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. Adanya peningkatan kasus penyakit hipertensi ini menyebabkan diperlukannya suatu upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian untuk mengatasi peningkatan kasus penyakit hipertensi ini terutama di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah edukasi penyakit hipertensi menggunakan leaflet sebagai media edukasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan mengenai pemberian edukasi mengenai penyakit hipertensi dengan menggunakan leaflet dan juga peran apoteker dalam tatalaksana penyakit hipertensi. Penyusunan laporan ini dilakukan melalui hasil pencarian studi literatur dan juga pembuatan design leafletnya menggunakan Canva, yaitu sebuah aplikasi desain grafis online. Hasil penyusunan laporan ini menunjukkan bahwa leaflet dapat digunakan sebagai media yang efektif oleh tenaga kesehatan yang ada di Puskesmas Kecamatan Makasar dalam rangka edukasi mengenai penyakit hipertensi, pencegahan dan pengendalian, serta pengobatan penyakit hipertensi kepada pasien dan keluarga pasien yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas. Selain itu, apoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membantu penatalaksaan pasien hipertensi, tidak hanya dalam proses pemberian terapi pengobatan hipertensi saja, melainkan juga dalam kegiatan pelayanan informasi obat (PIO) terkait hipertensi, yang mana salah satu dari bentuk PIO tersebut adalah membuat leaflet mengenai penyakit hipertensi. Hasil laporan ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber informasi untuk apoteker dalam melakukan proses edukasi mengenai penyakit hipertensi kepada masyarakat.

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Hypertension or high blood pressure is a disease of the cardiovascular system that has a high prevalence rate in Indonesia. The increase in cases of hypertension causes the need for prevention and control efforts to overcome the increase in cases of hypertension, especially in Indonesia. One effort that can be made is education about hypertension using leaflets as an educational medium. This study aims to provide an explanation regarding providing education about hypertension using leaflets and also the role of pharmacists in managing hypertension. This report was prepared using the results of a literature study search and also creating a leaflet design using Canva, an online graphic design application. The results of preparing this report show that leaflets can be used as an effective medium by health workers at the Makasar District Health Center in the context of education about hypertension, prevention and control, as well as treatment of hypertension for patients and their families who visit the Community Health Center. Apart from that, pharmacists as health workers have a very important role in assisting the management of hypertensive patients, not only in the process of providing hypertension treatment therapy, but also in drug information service activities (PIO) related to hypertension, of which one form of PIO is make leaflets about hypertension. The results of this report can be used as a source of information for pharmacists in carrying out the educational process regarding hypertension to the public."

"[ABSTRAKPrevalensi dan mortalitas gagal ginjal kronis pada masyarakat urban di indonesia mengalamipeningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Penulisan karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis asuhankeperawatan dengan pendekatan Keperawatan Kesehatan Masyarakat Perkotaan pada areaKeperawatan Medikal Bedah pada klien dengan gagal ginjal kronis dengan komplikasi hipertensi.Perawat dalam melakukan asuhan keperawatan melakukan tindakan preventif baik primer,sekunder, ataupun tersier. Masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan meliputi kelebihan volumecairan, penurunan curah jantung, nyeri akut, dan risiko perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhantubuh. Manajemen keperawatan terkait hipertensi yang dilakukan meliputi modifikasi gaya hidupmelalui diet, teknik relaksasi, dan aktivitas. Setelah dilakukan asuhan keperawatan pada pasiengagal ginjal kronis, terdapat penurunan nilai tekanan darah pasien meskipun belum mencapaitarget yang dianjurkan. Perawat dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan menggunakan pendekatankeperawatan kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan untuk dapat memperkirakan perilaku berisiko terkaitkomplikasi yang dapat terjadi, seperti hipertensi dan penyakit kardiovaskular lainnya, serta tingkatkepatuhan terhadap terapi yang diberikan. Asuhan keperawatan tersebut dilakukan gunamendukung upaya pencegahan komplikasi dan peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien dengan gagalginjal kronis.

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ABSTRACTThe prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure.;The prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure., The prevalence and mortality of chronic renal failure in urban society in Indonesia has increasedfrom year to year. This paper aimed to analyze the nursing care with the approach of the UrbanPublic Health Nursing in the Medical Surgical Nursing setting in clients with chronic renal failurewith complication of hypertension. Nurses performed preventive action both primary, secondary,or tertiary. Various nursing problems were revealed including fluid volume excess, decreasedcardiac output, acute pain, and risk for imbalanced nutrition: less than body. The application ofnursing management related hypertension included lifestyle modification, diet, relaxationtechniques, and activity. The result of implementation of nursing intervention to the patients,showed that there was a decrease in the patient's blood pressure despite not reaching therecommended targets. Nurses can provide nursing care using urban nursing health care approachto be able to estimate the risk behaviors of patients related complication that can happen, likehypertension,and other cardiovascular disease and the level of adherence to therapy. The nursingcare is done in order to support efforts to prevent complications and improve the quality of life ofpatients with chronic renal failure.]"

"Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara bising yang disebabkan oleh pesawat terbang dengan tekanan darah. Metode: Penelitian nested case-control dilakukan pada penerbang Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia yang melakukan pemeriksaan fisik tahunan di Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan dan Ruang Angkasa (LAKESPRA) Saryanto tahun 2003 ? 2008. Data yang diperoleh dari rekam medis berupa umur, jumlah jam terbang, jenis pesawat, kadar glukosa puasa dan kadar kholesterol darah, lingkaran pinggang, tinggi dan berat badan (Indeks Massa Tubuh), serta tekanan darah. Hasil: Dari 549 penerbang, ada 49 yang hipertensif, dengan tekanan sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan/atau tekanan diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. Penerbang pesawat helikopter mempunyai risiko menderita hipertensi hampir 2 kali dibandingkan penerbang pesawat terbang biasa. Penerbang dengan jumlah jam terbang lebih dari 1400 jam mempunyai risiko menderita hipertensi lebih 2 kali dibandingkan penerbang dengan jumlah jam terbang ≤ 1400 jam. Kesimpulan: Jenis pesawat terbang, yang berkaitan dengan jenis bising yang terbangkit, mungkin merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi pada penerbang. Peningkatan jumlah jam terbang meningkatkan risiko hipertensi

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Background: To investigate the association between aircraft noise and blood pressure. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted on Indonesian Air Force pilots doing annual medical check-ups at the Saryanto Institute for Aviation and Aerospace Health (LAKESPRA) from 2003 ? 2008. The data extracted from medical records were age, total flight hours, type of aircraft, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol levels, waist circumference, height and weight (Body Mass Index), and blood pressure. Results: There were 549 pilots, 49 were found to be hypertensive, with SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg. Helicopters pilots were at an almost 2 fold risk of hypertension compared to pilots of the fixed wing aircrafts. Pilots with more than 1400 hours of flight had more than 2 fold risk of being hypertensive compared to those with 1400 flight hours or less. Conclusion: The type of aircraft, which is related to the noise generated, may be a risk factor for developing hypertension in pilots. Increased total flight hours also increased the risk of hypertension."

"ABSTRAKSEFT termasuk teknik relaksasi mind-body therapy, merupakan teknik penggabungan dari sistem energi tubuh (energy medicine) dan terapi spiritual dengan menggunakan metode tapping pada beberapa titik tertentu pada tubuh. SEFT dapat membantu individu bebas dari tekanan emosional (energi negatif), yang mana merupakan penyebab meningkatnya tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi SEFT terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan the one group pretest – posttest. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan ada pengaruh terapi SEFT terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Faktor karakteristik umur, jenis kelamin, riwayat penyakit keluarga dan penyakit penyerta tidak ada hubungan dengan penurunan tekanan darah setelah terapi SEFT. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar terapi SEFT sebagai intervensi keperawatan yang mandiri dan inovatif pada asuhan keperawatan klien dengan hipertensi.

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ABSTRACTSEFT as one of the relaxation techniques of mind-body therapy, is a combination technique of the body's energy system (energy medicine) and spiritual therapy using tapping on certain points of the body. SEFT can helps individual free from emotional distress (negative energy), which is one of the causes of increased blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of SEFT therapy on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest – posttest approach. The results of data analysis showed that there is significant effect of SEFT therapy on reduction of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Characteristics of age, gender, family history of disease and comorbidities are not related to the decrease in blood pressure after SEFT therapy. The results of this study recommended that the SEFT therapy can be an independent and innovative therapeutic nursing intervention in nursing care of patients with hypertension."