Preeklampsia adalah salah satu komplikasi kehamilan yang banyak menyebabkan mortalitas serta morbiditas ibu dan janin. Preeklampsia ditandai dengan timbulnya hipertensi baru pada wanita hamil yang sebelumnya normotensif dan disertai dengan proteinuria. Penyebab pasti dari preeklampsia belum diketahui; Namun, studi terbaru menunjukkan bahwa kegagalan penurunan kadar Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF-1α) setelah 9-10 minggu kehamilan menyebabkan invasi trofoblas yang dangkal dan transformasi arteri spiralis yang tidak memadai pada awal kehamilan. Kadar HIF-1α dalam jaringan plasenta wanita dengan preeklamsia kehamilan lebih dari 36 minggu masih belum memiliki hasil yang konklusif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati dan mengukur kadar HIF-1α dalam plasenta preeklampsia kehamilan lebih dari 36 minggu dibandingkan dengan plasenta kehamilan normal. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan prosedur uji ELISA dengan kit HIF-1α. Hasil kadar HIF-1α dalam jaringan plasenta preeklampsia lebih dari 36 minggu kehamilan berkisar dari 0,008-0,116 pg / mg protein dengan mean value 0,026(0,008-0,116). Pada protein plasenta yang digunakan sebagai parameter pengukuran tingkat HIF-1α, ditemukan bahwa kadarnya lebih rendah pada jaringan plasenta preeklampsia kehamilan lebih dari 36 minggu. Perbedaan kadar protein yang signifikan terlihat dari uji statistik T-Test dengan nilai p=0,006. Dari analisis data, hasilnya menunjukkan kadar HIF-1α yang jauh lebih tinggi pada jaringan plasenta preeklampsia kehamilan lebih dari 36 minggu dibandingkan dengan plasenta kehamilan normal (p = 0,008). Kesimpulan kemudian dibuat bahwa penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat HIF-1α lebih tinggi secara signifikan pada plasenta preeklampsia, yang dimana temuan ini mendukung teori bahwa kadar HIF-1α yang tinggi secara berkelanjutan selama kehamilan, ikut berperan dalam proses terjadinya preeklampsia.
Preeclampsia is one of the leading maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity pregnancy related complication. It is marked by new onset of hypertension on a previously normotensive pregnant woman along with proteinuria. Exact cause of preeclampsia is yet to be known; however, recent studies suggest that failure of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 Alpha (HIF-1α) downregulation after 9-10th weeks of gestation causes shallow trophoblast invasion and inadequate arteries remodeling earlier in pregnancy. Exact level of HIF-1α in placental tissue of women with preeclampsia more than 36 weeks pregnancy still has no conclusive result. Therefore, this study aims to observe and measure level of HIF-1α in placenta of preeclampsia more than 36 weeks pregnancy in comparison with placenta of normal pregnancy. Measurement is done using assay procedure (ELISA) with HIF-1α kit. Result shows HIF-1α level in placental tissue of preeclampsia more than 36 weeks of pregnancy sample ranges from 0,008-0,116 pg/mg protein with mean value of 0,026(0,008-0,116). Placental protein used as measuring parameter of HIF-1α level, was found to be lower in placental tissue of preeclampsia more than 36 weeks pregnancy, which is proven to be statistically significant using T-Test (p=0,006). From data analysis, it results shows significantly higher level of HIF-1α in placental tissue of preeclampsia more than 36 weeks pregnancy compared to normal pregnancy placenta (p=0,008). A conclusion was then made that this study demonstrates significantly higher HIF-1α level in preeclampsia placenta. This finding support theory of sustained high level of HIF-1α in development of preeclampsia.
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Breast milk is the best nutrition for babies aged 0-6 months because it contains all the elements of nutrients needed for the growth and development of infants. But not all mothers realize it, this is evidenced by the low rate of exclusive breastfeeding. Factors affecting maternal readiness are attachment between mother and fetus (attachment) and confidence (self-efficacy). Interventions given to solve these nursing problems are belly rubs massage. Belly rub massage is a gentle touch on the abdomen that serves to relax and improve bonding with the fetus. This study aims to analyze nursing care in third trimester pregnant women by applying belly rubs massage to improve bonding with the fetus and breastfeeding readiness. The method used is case study. This belly rubs massage intervention is given for 5 days. The results obtained were measured through pre and post intervention there was an increase in attachment by 22.6% and an increase in self-efficacy by 40%. Based on this belly rubs massage intervention in pregnant women trimester is not effective to increase the bond between mother and fetus and increase readiness to breastfeed.
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