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"Self-esteem rendah dipengaruhi antara lain oleh distorsi kognitif tentang beberapa hal terkait nilai-nilai budaya dalam keluarga dan pengalaman menyakitkan di masa kanak-kanak. Self-esteem yang rendah berdampak negatif pada keberfungsian individu dalam kehidupannya, salah satunya dalam ranah interaksi sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terjadi peningkatan pada self-esteem remaja perempuan dari keluarga berbudaya patriarki dalam berinteraksi dengan laki-laki sebaya melalui penerapan intervensi berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah seorang remaja perempuan berusia 14 tahun 2 bulan yang memiliki self-esteem rendah dan menampilkan perilaku diam ketika berinteraksi dengan laki-laki sebaya. Sehubungan dengan budaya patriarki di dalam keluarganya, partisipan juga pernah mengalami pelecehan seksual oleh kakak kandung laki-laki ketika ia berusia lima tahun. Partisipan mengalami distorsi kognitif overgeneralization, global labelling dan self-blame. Program intervensi disusun berdasarkan modul Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) oleh Stallard (2019). Intervensi terdiri dari sembilan sesi dengan durasi satu jam per sesi yang dilakukan selama tiga minggu serta dua sesi follow-up. Sesi follow-up pertama dilakukan dua minggu setelah intervensi selesai dan sesi follow-up kedua dilakukan tiga minggu kemudian. Seluruh rangkaian intervensi dilakukan secara daring. Penelitian ini menggunakan single-case design dengan pengukuran dilakukan sebelum intervensi (pre-test), setelah intervensi (post-test) dan saat follow up kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah mengikuti intervensi terjadi perubahan pola kognitif partisipan yang menjadi lebih rasional dan berimbang terkait dengan pengalaman dan penerimaan diri, terjadi peningkatan self-esteem, serta perubahan emosi yang lebih positif dan perilaku yang lebih adaptif ketika berinteraksi dengan teman laki-laki sebaya. Self-esteem partisipan diukur dengan Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA) masalah perilaku internalizing partisipan diukur menggunakan Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), dan perubahan pada pemikiran, emosi serta perilakunya dalam berinteraksi dengan laki-laki sebaya diketahui melalui wawancara kualitatif secara daring.

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Low self-esteem could be influenced by cognitive distortions about several things related to cultural values in the family and painful experiences in childhood. Low self-esteem could have negative impact on individuals’ functioning in their lives, such as in their social interaction. The purpose of this study was to enhance self-esteem of female adolescent from family with strong patriarchal values in interacting with her male peers with intervention program using the principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Participant in this study was a teenage girl aged 14 years and 2 months who had low self-esteem and displayed silent behavior when interacting with male peers. In accordance with pathriarchal value in her family, participat also experienced sexual abuse by her brother when she was five years old. This intervention program is based on CBT module by Stallard (2019). The intervention program consisted of nine sessions with one-hour duration, carried out online in three weeks with two follow-up sessions. The first follow-up was conducted two weeks after completion of the intervention and the second follow-up was conducted three weeks later. This study used a single-case design with measurements carried out before the intervention (pre-test), after the intervention (post-test), and during the second follow-up. The results showed that after the intervention, there were changes in participant’s thoughts regarding own’s experience and self-acceptance, enhancement in participant's self-esteem, shifting towards a better state in emotion as well as behavior in interacting with male peers. Participant’s self-esteem was measured by using the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (SPPA), participant’s internalizing behavior problems was measured by using Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), and changes in partisipant’s thoughts, emotion and behavior in interacting with male peers were gathered by qualitative interview."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai penerapan program cognitive behavioral therapy yang didasarkan pada program think good feel good untuk melihat peningkatan self esteem pada remaja putera dengan perilaku menarik diri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian single case dengan desain pre test-intervensi-post test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program CBT ini mampu mengubah core beliefdan akhirnya meningkatkanself esteem remaja dengan perilaku menarik diri. Terdapat beberapa saran yang dikemukakan di dalam penelitian ini yaitu terkait dengan perlunya psikoedukasi bagi orangtua dan menjadikan orangtua sebagai co-terapis sehingga meski program berakhir klien tetap mendapatkan dukungan secara sosial.

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The thesis deals with cognitive behavioral therapyprogram application which is based on think good feel good program in order to observe enchanced self-esteemof male adolescent with withdrawal behavior. Research currently held during the thesis preparation is of single case with pre-test-intervention-post-test design. Results obtained reveals that the CBT program is capable of modifying the core belief and thereby enhancing self-esteem of male adolescent with withdrawal behavior. Several suggestions are, then, offered, including parents requiring to have psychoeducation and act as co-therapist that will be continuously providing social support to clients despite the program is terminated."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas program cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada remaja dari keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja perempuan usia 11 tahun yang memiliki self-esteem rendah. Self-esteem diukur dengan menggunakan skala Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) dari Harter (2012). Penelitian ini merupakan single subject design tipe AB yang terdiri atas 12 sesi terhadap subjek dan 2 sesi terhadap orangtua. Berdasarkan pengukuran yang dilakukan melalui SPPC dan kemajuan subjek yang memenuhi indikator pada setiap pertemuan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa CBT efektif untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada remaja dari keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah pada seluruh domain, baik global self-esteem maupun specific self-esteem.

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This study conducted to understand the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in increasing self-esteem on adolescent with low socioeconomic status. The participant of the study is a 11 year old adolescent who has low selfesteem. Self-esteem was assessed by the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) from Harter (2012), one of the most used measures of global and specific self-esteem. This study was a single subject design type AB that consist of 12 child sessions and 2 parents sessions.

Based on the measurement that has been done using SPPC and progress indicators that meet the subject at each meeting, it can be concluded that the CBT effectively increase global and specific self-esteem on adolescent with low socioeconomic status."

"[Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Meskipun lebih sering diasosiasikan dengan kesehatan fisik, kesehatan menurut WHO juga meliputi kesehatan mental dan sosial. Kesehatan mental yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh seorang dewasa muda agar mampu memenuhi tugas-tugas perkembangannya secara optimal. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan kesehatan mental adalah self-esteem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana efektivitas teknik intervensi Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalammeningkatkan self-esteemdewasa muda yang memiliki self-esteem negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after study dimana peneliti melihat perubahan pada satu kelompoksebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan self-esteem pada partisipan adalah Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) danCoopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Wawancara dan observasi juga dilakukan kepada partisipan untuk memperoleh gambaran masalah terkait self-esteem yang dialami. Dua orang partisipan mengikuti program intervensi yang terdiri dari lima sesi pertemuan hingga selesai. Hasilnya, terdapat peningkatan skor RSES dan CSEI pada kedua partisipan. Secara kualitatif, kedua partisipan juga sudah melaporkan sikapyang lebih positif terhadap dirinya sendiri meskipun masih mengalami perasaanperasaan negatif terkait diri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik intervensi CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda dengan self-esteem negatif.

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Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health

needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study

aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem. Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants

completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive

attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem., Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health,

according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health

needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally.

One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study

aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the

self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one

group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and

after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the

participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith

Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the

participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants

completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and

CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive

attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with

themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults

with negative self-esteem.]"

"[Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Meskipun lebih sering diasosiasikan dengan kesehatan fisik, kesehatan menurut WHO juga meliputi kesehatan mental dan sosial. Kesehatan mental yang baik perlu dimiliki oleh seorang dewasa muda agar mampu memenuhi tugas-tugas perkembangannya secara optimal. Salah satu faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan kesehatan mental adalah self-esteem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana efektivitas teknik intervensi Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan self-esteem dewasa muda yang memiliki self-esteem negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain one group before and after study dimana peneliti melihat perubahan pada satu kelompok sebelum dan setelah diberikan intervensi. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan untuk melihat perubahan self-esteem pada partisipan adalah Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) dan Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Wawancara dan observasi juga dilakukan kepada partisipan untuk memperoleh gambaran masalah terkait self-esteem yang dialami.Dua orang partisipan mengikuti program intervensi yang terdiri dari lima sesi pertemuan hingga selesai. Hasilnya, terdapat peningkatan skor RSES dan CSEI pada kedua partisipan. Secara kualitatif, kedua partisipan juga sudah melaporkan sikap yang lebih positif terhadap dirinya sendiri meskipun masih mengalami perasaan-perasaan negatif terkait diri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik intervensi CBT efektif dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda dengan self-esteem negatif.

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Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselves although still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem. Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem.

, Health is important in human life. Although more often associated with physical health, according to WHO health also includes mental and social health. Good mental health needs to be owned by early adults in order to meet their development tasks optimally. One of the factors positively associated with mental health is self-esteem. This study aims to look the efectivenessof Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to enhance the self-esteem of early adults who have negative self-esteem. The design of this study is one group before and after study in which researchers see changes in the group before and after a given intervention. The measuring instruments used to see changes in the participants' self-esteem are the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Interview and observation was also made to the participants to obtain a picture related to self-esteem problems. Two participants completed the five sessions intervention program. Result shows increased RSES and CSEI scores on both participants. Qualitatively, participants reported a more positive attitude towards themselvesalthough still experiencing negative feelings associated with themselves. This study shows that CBT is effective to enhance self-esteem in early adults with negative self-esteem.

]"

"Self-esteem merupakan penilaian individu tentang dirinya mencakup keberhargaan diri dan kompetensi diri. Perkembangan self-esteem ini justru cenderung menurun di usia remaja sejalan dengan berkembangnya kemampuan kognitif mereka dalam memahami hubungan sebab-akibat, mempertanyakan kondisi berdasarkan nilai yang dimiliki, dan semakin menyadari pandangan diri serta orang lain terhadap mereka. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya self-esteem pada remaja ialah pikiran atau keyakinan negatif yang ia miliki tentang dirinya sendiri. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasinya ialah melalui intervensi strategi kognitif perilaku yang menyasar pemikiran distortif serta membantu remaja menemukan kualitas diri positif mereka dan mempraktikkannya di situasi nyata seharihari. Untuk membuktikan bahwa program intervensi ini mampu meningkatkan selfesteem remaja, peneliti menggunakan single-case A-B design dengan melibatkan DA (laki-laki, 17 tahun) sebagai subyek dalam penelitian ini. Program intervensi terdiri dari 7 sesi yang dilakukan selama 2,5 minggu dengan durasi 45 sampai 150 menit tiap sesinya. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran dengan menggunakan Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) dan behavioral checklist sebelum dan sesudah program dijalankan, serta pencapaian tujuan di setiap sesi, terbukti bahwa program intervensi strategi kognitif perilaku dapat meningkatkan self-esteem pada remaja, dalam hal ini pada DA.

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Self-esteem people's judgement about themslelves, including worthiness and selfcompetence. In the adolescence stage, self-esteem tend to decline as the growth of their cognitive ability in understanding cause-effect relationship, wondering about their life values, and being more aware of others judgement about them. Their negative thought about themselves is one of the reasons the declining of teengers sel-esteem. One method to enhance self-esteem is cognitive behaviour strategy intervention which can change teenage distort thoughts about themselves and help them to know their strengths so that they can apply it in their daily life. This research used A-B single case design (N = 1). This research participant is DA, 17 year old teenage boy. An intervention program of this research consists of 7 sessions held in 2.5 weeks with 45-150 minutes per session. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, researcher used Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and behavioral checklist with before-after design. The result showed that cognitive behaviour strategy intervention was effective to improve the self-esteem of teenagers, especially this research participant (DA)."

"[Latar Belakang : Konflik relasi berpacaran rentan dialami oleh dewasa muda. Konflik yang tidak terselesaikan memunculkan kekerasan dalam pacaran. Kekerasan dalam pacaran mungkin terjadi dalam bentuk fisik, psikologis, seksual dan ekonomi. Riwayat pengalaman traumatis yang dialami sebelumnya oleh individu, membentuk self-esteem rendah pada individu dan membuka peluang pada individu untuk kembali terjebak pada relasi berkekerasan yang serupa, salah satunya kekerasan dalam pacaran. Self-esteem yang rendah mengakibatkan korban sulit untuk keluar dari siklus relasi berkekerasan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda yang mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran. Intervensi yang telah terbukti efektif dalam menangani self-esteem yang rendah adalah cognitive behavior therapy. Metode : Penelitian ini berupa intervensi CBT pada 4 orang partisipan. Desain penelitian ini termasuk dalam one group pretest-posttest design (before and after). Analisis : Analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan data kuantitatif dari hasil pre-test dan post-test pada alat ukur RSES. Analisa kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap perkembangan dan perubahan yang dialami partisipan. Hasil : CBT cukup berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada partisipan, namun demikian intervensi selama 6 sesi pertemuan ini dirasa belum cukup untuk mengatasi permasalahan kekerasan dalam pacaran secara menyeluruh. Partisipan mengalami perubahan aspek kognitif dan perilaku. Partisipan merasa percaya diri dan nyaman terhadap penampilan fisik maupun kemampuan yang dimiliki. Partisipan memperoleh pemikiran yang lebih realistis untuk keluar dari relasi pacaran yang tidak sehat.

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Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.;Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship., Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk meningkatkan self esteem Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak laki laki usia 10 tahun yang memiliki self esteem rendah Self esteem diukur dengan menggunakan skala Self Perception Profile for Children dari Susan Harter 2012 dan didukung dari hasil wawancara dengan orang tua Intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan self esteem yang rendah terdiri dari empat tahapan Tahap pertama yaitu pra intervensi dilakukan sebanyak dua sesi Tahap kedua yang berisipsikoedukasi kepada orang tua terkait dengan peran orang tua dalam mendukung intervensi CBT dilakukansebanyak dua sesi Tahap ketiga yaitu tahap intervensi terdiri dari 12 sesi Tahap keempat yaitu post intervensi diberikan sebanyak dua sesi Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan self esteem terutama pada domain kemampuan sosial kemampuan atletik penampilan fisik dan self esteem secara keseluruhan Peran orang tua yang mampu menerapkan teknik SUPPORT Show Understand Patient Prompt Observe Reward Talk diduga turut mendukung keberhasilan intervensi yang sudah dilakukan pada anak

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The aim of this study was to know the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to increase self esteem The participant of this study is a 10 years old boy who has low self esteem Self esteem was measured by Self Perception Profile for Children from Susan Harter 2012 and supported by interviewing with parents Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT that wasdoneconsisted of four stages Stage one that was pre intervention consisted of two sessions Stage two that includedpsychoeducation to parents about their roles to support CBT to their child consisted of two sessions Stage three was the intervention to the child that consisted of 12 sessions Stage four that was post intervention consisted of two sessions The result of this study showed thatCBTcould increase self esteem especially insocial competence athletic competence physical appearance and global self esteem Parent rsquo s role to apply SUPPORT technique Show Understand Patient Observe Reward Talk was predicted supportingthe success of this intervention "

"Menjadi seorang mahasiswa memberikan tekanan tersendiri karena mahasiswa menghadapi tugas perkembangan maupun masalah-masalah lain yang harus diselesaikan dan seringkali tekanan ini memberikan distres psikologis bagi mahasiswa yang bersangkutan. Hal ini juga terjadi kepada mahasiswa UI dan berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, salah satu sumber distres psikologis pada mahasiswa UI adalah penyesuaian akademis. Meskipun mahasiswa telah dibekali berbagai macam keterampilan untuk menyesuaikan diri secara akademis, nyatanya keluhan mengenai penyesuaian akademis masih saja muncul. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ada masalah lain yang mendasari keluhan tersebut.Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian maupun literatur, self esteem merupakan salah satu faktor yang berkaitan dengan kemampuan penyesuaian diri ini. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk membantu mahasiswa yang mengalami distres psikologis untuk meningkatkan self esteem yang dimilikinya. Metode intervensi yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan self esteem pada penelitian ini adalah metode cognitive behavior therapy. Partisipan yang terlibat sebanyak tiga orang dan ketiga partisipan tersebut mengikuti intervensi sampai sesi terakhir.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi ini efektif meningkatkan self esteem pada mahasiswa yang mengalami distres psikologis. Hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan skor self esteem dan penuruan skor distres psikologis serta refleksi partisipan yang menunjukkan adanya kemampuan dalam mendeteksi unhelpful thoughts yang muncul, penurunan emosi negatif yang dirasakan, dan perubahan perilaku dimana partisipan mengurangi perilaku menghindar.

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Being a college student brings certain pressure because students are faced with developmental task and other problems that?s need to be dealt with and this can evoke psychological distress to the students. The same problem also happens to college students of University of Indonesia and based on latest research, one of the source of psychological distress among students of UI is academic adjustment. Although the students has already been thought the skill to help them adjust academically, but the complaint about the problem still persists. This suggests that there's other issue that underlie the complaint.Based on researches and literatures, self esteem is considered as one of the factors that's related to academic adjustment. Therefore, it's important to help students increase their self esteem. The intervention method that's used to increase self esteem in this research is cognitive behavior therapy. There were three participants that were involved and they followed until the last session.The result suggests that this intervention effectively increased self esteem for students with psychological distress. It can be seen from the increasing of self esteem's score, decreasing of psychological distress' score, and participant' reflection which indicates ability to detect unhelpful thoughts, decreasing of negative emotions, and changing of behavior in which participants reduce avoidance behavior."

"Self-esteem merupakan salah satu penentu dari perkembangan konsep diri seseorang yang dimulai pada masa anak-anak. Orang tua sebagai salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan self-esteem anak memiliki berbagai gagasan mengenai pola asuh yang salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh budaya. Tesis ini membahas bagaimana pengaruh dari parental beliefs orang tua dengan suku Batak Toba yang dilihat dari dimensi child-rearing beliefs, attributes of intelligence, dan educational objectives terhadap self-esteem anak. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah kuantitatif dan noneksperimen. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Parental Belief Questionnaire dan Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Jumlah partisipan yang diikutkan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 80 partisipan yang terdiri atas orang tua dan anak yang berada pada kelas 3, 4, dan 5 SD. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda antara dimensi yang ada pada parental beliefs terhadap self-esteem. Hasil didapatkan terlihat tidak adanya pengaruh yang signifikan pada parental beliefs terhadap self-esteem. Akan tetapi, pada saat dilakukan analisis berdasarkan jenis kelamin anak, didapatkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan.

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Self-esteem is one factor that determine the self-concept development that began in childhood. Parents as one of the factors that can influence the development of children`s self-esteem have various ideas about parenting, one of which is influenced by culture. This research discusses the influence of parents parental beliefs with Toba Batak tribes to children`s self-esteem. The parental beliefs in this research consists of three dimensions, that is child rearing beliefs, attribution of intelligence, and educational objectives. The study was conducted in Toba-Samosir District, North Sumatra. The type of research conducted is quantitative and non-experimental. The instruments of this research are Parental Belief Questionnaire and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Number of participants are 80 participants, which is consist of parents with their children who are in grades 3, 4 and 5 of elementary school. The analysis used is multiple regression analysis between dimensions that exist in parental beliefs against self-esteem. The results show no significant effect on parental beliefs to self-esteem. However, at the time of analysis based on the sex of the child, there was a significant influence."