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"Latar Belakang: Kelahiran bayi prematur menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) di Indonesia pada tahun 2003 adalah 90 per 1000 kelahiran. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal dan termasuk perilaku buruk ibu hamil terhadap pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut selama kehamilan. Penyebab penyakit periodontal selama kehamilan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kehamilan itu sendiri tetapi juga oleh pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan ibu hamil. Dengan menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta meningkatkan kesehatan dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi terjadinya penyakit mulut. Pembuatan modul pelatihan mengenai risiko penyakit periodontal pada bayi prematur diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan kader dalam memberikan penyuluhan kepada ibu hamil. Tujuan : Menambah pengetahuan kader dalam mendidik ibu hamil dan mendapatkan modul pelatihan kader untuk memiliki pengetahuan tentang kesehatan gigi dan mulut untuk mencegah kelahiran prematur akibat periodontitis. Metode : Desain penelitian adalah eksperimental. Subyek penelitian adalah 48 kader posyandu yang dipilih melalui metode pengambilan sampel yang bertujuan. Hasil : Ada peningkatan yang signifikan dalam pengetahuan kader (p= 0.00) setelah diberikan pelatihan (modul) dengan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif. Kesimpulan : Ada perubahan pengetahuan kader setelah mendapat pelatihan (modul) dengan metode pembelajaran kolaboratif

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Background: Premature births according to the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in Indonesia in 2003 were 90 per 1000 births. This can be influenced by several things and including the bad behavior of pregnant women towards dental health maintenance and mouth during pregnancy. The causes of periodontal disease during pregnancy are not only influenced by the pregnancy itself but also by the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of pregnant women. Maintaining oral health and improving health can be done to reduce the occurrence of oral diseases. Making a training module regarding the risk of periodontal disease in premature infants is expected to increase the knowledge of cadres in providing counseling to pregnant women. Objective: Increase the knowledge of cadres in educating pregnant women and get modules training of cadres to have knowledge about dental and oral health to prevent premature birth due to periodontitis. Methods: The research design was experimental. The research subjects were 48 posyandu cadres who were selected through a purposive sampling method. Results : There was a significant increase in the knowledge of cadres (p= 0.00) after being given training (modules) with collaborative learning methods. Conclusion: There is a change in the knowledge of cadres after receiving training (modules) with the method

collaborative learning"

"Latar Belakang: Kader kesehatan dan ibu hamil Indonesia belum cukup menerima pelatihan khusus sehingga kurang pengetahuan tentang penyakit periodontal yang berisiko terhadap kehamilan dan kelahiran bayi.Model pelatihan berbasis teori 9 langkah mencakup tahapan identifikasi masalah hingga evaluasi yang dapat diterapkan pada program pendidikan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di puskesmas.Tujuan: Meningkatkan pengetahuan kader kesehatan tentang penyakit periodontal yang berisiko terhadap kehamilan dan kelahiran bayi. Metode: Kuantitatif pra-eksperimental dengan one group comparison pre test-post test design.Pelatihan 9 langkah diberikan pada 53 kader kesehatan Puskesmas Pulo Gadung Jakarta Timur oleh dokter gigi. 50 ibu hamil diberi pendidikan setelahnya oleh kader kesehatan. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kader kesehatan dan ibu hamil(α=0,05;p-value=0,000 dengan uji Wilcoxon). Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara flip chart dan kartu puzzle dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan kader(p-value = 0,969 dengan uji t-independent)dan ibu hamil (p=0,359 dengan uji Mann Whitney). Kesimpulan: Model pelatihan berbasis teori 9 langkah efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan kader kesehatan. Flip chart dan kartu puzzle sama efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan kader kesehatan dan ibu hamil.

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Background: Indonesian health cadres and pregnant women have not received enough specific training so there is a lack of knowledge about periodontal disease that are risk for pregnancy and childbirth.The 9 step theory based training model covers the stage of problem identification to evaluation that can be applied to dental and oral health education programs. Purpose: Increasing knowledge of health cadres about periodontal disease that are at risk for pregnancy and childbirth.

Methods: Quantitative pre-experimental with one group comparison pre test-post test design.9 step training was given to 53 health cadres by dentist in Puskesmas Pulo Gadung,East Jakarta.50 pregnant women were given education afterwards by health cadres.

Results: There is an increase of health cadres and pregnant women knowledge (α=0,05;p-value = 0,000).There is no significant difference between flip chart and puzzle card (health cadres p-value = 0,969 ; pregnant women p-value = 0,359). Conclusion: The 9 step theory based training model effectively increases knowledge of health cadres.Flip chart and puzzle card are equally effective."

"Latar Belakang : Penyakit periodontal pada ibu hamil memberikan risiko untuk terjadinya bayi prematur dan BBLR. Hal ini terjadi karena selama masa kehamilan hormon tubuh meningkat, khususnya estrogen dan progesteron. Peningkatan hormon tersebut menyebabkan manifestasi pada rongga mulut seperti gusi bengkak dan mudah berdarah karena penumpukkan bakteri dan plak. Edukasi yang diberikan perlu menggunakan media yang efektif. Tujuan : Meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang risiko penyakit periodontal terhadap bayi prematur dan BBLR dengan menggunakan dua media yaitu flipchart dan kartu puzzle. Metode : Desain studi adalah kuasi eksperimental. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 44 ibu hamil di daerah sekitar Pulogadung,Jakarta Timur yang di edukasi oleh 10 kader posyandu. Dari total 44 ibu hamil, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu 22 kelompok flipchart dan 22 kelompok kartu puzzle. Hasil: Terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil dari sebelum sampai setelah di edukasi dengan menggunakan masing-masing media. Di antara kedua media, media yang paling efektif yaitu media flipchart Kesimpulan: Adanya peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang risiko penyakit periodontal terhadap bayi prematur dan BBLR setelah diberi edukasi dengan media flipchart maupun kartupuzzle.Background: Periodontal disease in pregnant women poses a risk for premature and low birth weight babies. This happens because during pregnancy the body's hormones increase, especially estrogen and progesterone. The increase in these hormones causes manifestations in the oral cavity such as swollen gums and easy bleeding due to the buildup of bacteria and plaque. The education provided needs to use effective media. Objective: To increase the knowledge of pregnant women about the risk of periodontal disease to premature and low birth weight babies by using two media, namely flipcharts and puzzle cards. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental. The research subjects consisted of 44 pregnant women in the area around Pulogadung, East Jakarta, which was educated by 10 posyandu cadres. From a total of 44 pregnant women, they were divided into two groups, namely 22 groups of flipcharts and 22 groups of puzzle cards. Results: There was an increase in knowledge of pregnant women from before to after being educated by using each media. Among the two media, the most effective media is flipchart media Conclusion: There is an increase in knowledge of pregnant women about the risk of periodontal disease to premature and low birth weight babies after being educated with flipchart media and cardspuzzle"

"Periodontal disease is one of the risk factors for certain systemic conditions. Retrospective and prospective studies showed that pregnant women with periodontitis have significantly higher risk to deliver preterm low birth weight infants (gestation period < 37 weeks, and birth weight < 2500 grams) and the risk increase as the periodontitis progressed during pregnancy. Periodontal disease could mediate this systemic effect through the action of periodontal pathogens and lipopolysaccharide increasing the production of prostaglandin and cytokine (physiologic mediators in parturition) which will trigger the delivery of preterm low birth weight infants. Periodontal therapy significantly reduces the rates of preterm low birth weight among women with periodontitis. It is concluded that periodontal disease is an independent risk factor for preterm low birth weight, and inclusion of oral prophylaxis procedure during pregnancy should be considered."

"Suatu intervensi edukasi bagi kader Posyandu di kotamadya Bekasi yang diberikan dua tahun lalu terbukti meningkatkan kemampuan komunikasi kader tentang Pemberian Makan Pendamping ASI yang aman. Karena itu sangat menarik untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan praktek pengasuh pada pemberian makan bayi dan anak usia 0-23 bulan di daerah tersebut. i. Penelitian potong lintang telah dilakukan di dua kelurahan di kotamadya Bekasi. Data mengenai pengetahuan dan praktek pemberian makan bayi dan anak dikumpulkan dari 636 pengasuh dan anak usia 0-23 bulan. Penelitian ini menemukan di Bekasi terdapat 76.9% pengasuh yang memiliki pengetahuan yang benar dan 32% memiliki praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak yang baik. Level pendidikan ayah, ibu dan pengasuh non-ibu, serta status pekerjaan ibu terbukti berhubungan dengan pengetahuan pengasuh yang benar. Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak pada pengasuh adalah pengetahuan pengasuh dan usia anak. Informasi mengenai pemberian makan bayi dan anak sebaiknya diberikan secara teratur dan terus menerus serta tidak hanya membidik pengasuh tapi juga anggota keluarga lainnya. Pelatihan kepada kader Posyandu juga sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan rekomendasi WHO yang terbaru.

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The implementation of IYCF key actions and intervention in Indonesia was categorized in a poor situation. It is interesting to assess the knowledge and practices of caregivers on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to children age 0-23 months in Bekasi municipality which couple years ago their posyandu cadres received education intervention and showed improvement on communication about safe complementary feeding competencies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in in selected areas/villages of Bekasi. Information on IYCF knowledge and practices were collected from 636 children age 0-23 months and caregivers. It was found that 76.9% caregivers had good IYCF knowledge and 32% had appropriate practices. Fathers, mothers, Non-Maternal Caregivers? education level and also employment status were associated with good knowledge. Message delivery on the IYCF recommendation should be given regularly, frequently and targeted not only to caregivers but also other influencing family member. There is also a need to ensure the cadres receive comprehensive training of the latest WHO recommendation."

"Preterm low birth weight (PLBW) infants are more likely to die during the neonatal period and PLBW survivors face neurodevelopmental problems, respiratory problems, and congenital anomalies. It is said that the poor periodontal health of the pregnant woman is a potential risk factor of PLBW. This investigation aims to study the oral hygiene and gingival inflammation condition of 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy women and relate to the putative periodontal pathogen bacteriae as the probable cause of PLBW. The plaque index (Pll), calculus index (CI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) of the subjects ofboth groups were measured and compared. Maternal infection during pregnancy has been demonstrated to perturb cytokines and hormone- regulated gestation because of the translocation of the infection. The level of gingival cervicular fluid prostaglandin E2 (PG E2), interleukin 1β (lL-1β), lL-6, tumor necrotizing factors a (TNF-a) are usually highly correlated with those in amnion fluid of pregnant women withoutbacterial vaginosis (BV) and with intact placental membrane. It is concluded that the periodontal health of pregnant women must be in good condition to prevent the risk of having PLBW still need to beanticipated due to the presence of the inflammation signs."

"ABSTRAKBayi prematur merupakan individu yang kerap mendapatkan prosedur invasif berupa penusukan. Nyeri yang berulang akibat prosedur invasif merupakan salah satu penyebab terganggunya perkembangan bayi prematur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh empeng dan pembedongan terhadap penurunan nyeri dan fungsi fisiologis paska tindakan invasif pada bayi prematur di Unit Perawatan Risiko Tinggi (PERISTI). Rancangan penelitian ini adalah randomized control trial dengan desain paralel. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 30 bayi prematur. Bayi prematur yang mendapatkan terapi empeng dan bedong sebanyak 15 bayi prematur (kelompok intervensi), dan bayi yang mendapat perawatan rutin sebanyak 15 bayi (kelompok kontrol). Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa frekuensi nadi dan skor nyeri pada kelompok intervensi lebih stabil dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p= 0,013; 0,003 < 0,05), walaupun setelah diuji antar kelompok hasilnya kurang bermakna (skor nyeri p= 0,006; frekuensi nadi p= 0,45; saturasi oksigen p= 0,15). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemberian empeng dan bedong sebagai terapi alternatif untuk tatalaksana nyeri pada bayi prematur ketika mendapatkan prosedur infasif.

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ABSTRACT

Premature babies are individuals who often receive invasive procedures such as pricking. Recurrent pain due to an invasive procedure is one cause of impaired development of preterm infants. This study aims to determine the effect of pacifier and swaddlling to decrease pain and physiological function in premature infants undergoing minor invasive procedure at High Risk Care Unit (PERISTI). This study design is randomized control trial with parallel design. The number of samples in this study were 30 infants premetur. Premature infants who received a dummy therapy and swaddling as much as 15 premature infants (intervention group), and infants who received routine care as much as 15 infants (control group). This study shows the pulse frequency and pain scores in the intervention group is more stable compared to the control group (p = 0.013; 0.003 <0.05), though after the test results were less significant among the groups (p = 0.006 pain scores; pulse frequency p = 0.45; p = 0.15 oxygen saturation). The study recommends the provision of pacifiers and swaddling as an alternative therapy for the treatment of pain in premature babies when getting invasive procedures."

"Bayi prematur sulit untuk mencapai kemampuan minum akibat imaturitas sistem pencernaannya. Kondisi ini menyebabkan perawatan yang lebih lama di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas gabungan stimulasi oromotor dan pemberian nonnutritive sucking terhadap kecepatan minum bayi mencapai fullfeed, peningkatan volume minum, peningkatan berat badan, dan kesiapan minum bayi prematur. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah randomized control trial dengan desain paralel yang melibatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 52 bayi prematur. Responden yang mendapatkan stimulasi oromotor dan pemberian nonnutritive sucking sebanyak 26 bayi prematur (kelompok intevensi) dan yang mendapatkan perawatan rutin RS sebanyak 26 bayi prematur (kelompok kontrol). Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi rerata kecepatan minum bayi mencapai fullfeed pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (10,04, 9,73, p<0,001), Peningkatan berat badan yang signifikan pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (2,392,2,204,p< 0,001), dan terdapat rerata peningkatan volume minum pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol (33,65, 29,9, p<0,001). Intervensi stimulasi oromotor dan pemberian nonnutritive sucking dapat menjadi alterrnatif tindakan perawat untuk mengatasi masalah kesulitan minum pada bayi prematur.

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Premature babies find it difficult to achieve the ability to drink due to the immaturity of their digestive system. This condition leads to a longer stay in the hospital. This study aims to determine the combined effectiveness of oromotor stimulation and non-nutritive sucking on the speed of feeding babies to reach full feed, increasing drinking volume, increasing body weight and readiness to drink premature babies. The design of this study was a randomized control trial with a parallel design involving a sample of 52 premature infants. Respondents who received oromotor stimulation and nonnutritive sucking were 26 premature babies (intervention group) and 26 premature babies who received routine hospital care (control group). The results of the study identified that there was an increase in the speed of infant feeding reaching full feed in the intervention and control groups (10.04, 9.73, p<0.001), weight gain in the intervention and control groups (2,392.2,204, p<0.001), there was an increase in volume drinking in the intervention and control groups (33.65, 29.9, p<0.001). and an increase in drinking readiness after the intervention in the intervention and control groups showed an increase (10.04% ,9.73%). Oromotor stimulation and the provision of nonnutritive sucking can be an alternative action for nurses to overcome the problem of drinking difficulties in premature infants."

"Persalinan prematur definisi adalah persalinan prematur adalah persalinan masa kehamilan kurang dari 37 minggu (WHO, 1993), penelitian Rooney B & Calhoun B.C, (2003) menjelaskan bahwa prematur terjadi masa kehamilan antara 20 minggu sampai kurang 37 minggu.Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui risiko penyakit periodontal terhadap kejadian persalinan prematur berdasarkan pemeriksaan klinis, antara lain Level perlekatan klinis (Clinical Attachment Level/CAL), Periodontal poket dalam (Periodontal Pocket in Depth/PPD), Perdarahan probing (Bleeding on Probing/BOP) dan mengetahui ibu hamil menderita penyakit periodontal lebih berisiko terjadi persalinan prematur daripada tidak menderita penyakit periodontal.Penelitian observasional dengan disain kasus kontrol yang dilakukan di fasilitas kesehatan (hospital based). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada beberapa rumah sakit di Pontianak seperti RSUD dr Soedarso, RSIA Anugrah Bunda Khatulistiwa, RSIA Jeumpa dan RS Kharitas Bakti. Besar sampel minimal dalam penelitian dengan kasus 87 responden dan kontrol 98 responden, pengumpulan data dilakukan bulan agustus 2014 s/d mei 2015.Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa proporsi penyakit periodontal dengan persalinan prematur sebesar 71,40% dan pada persalinan aterm 49,00%. Sedangkan proporsi yang tidak menderita penyakit periodontal dengan persalinan prematur 28,60%, pada persalinan aterm 51,00%. Penyakit periodontal berhubungan bermakna dengan resiko 2,4 lebih besar dibandingkan tidak menderita penyakit periodontal. Sebagai konfonder berhubungan bermakna antara lain faktor resiko ANC dan Pekerjaan.Saran penelitian ini, ibu hamil dapat melakukan pemeriksaan penyakit periodontal pada tata laksana ANC baik pada pelayanan dasar maupun rujukan pada ibu hamil.

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Preterm labor is the definition of preterm labor is labor gestation less than 37 weeks (WHO, 1993), research Rooney B.C B & Calhoun (2003) explain that premature occur between 20 weeks gestation until less than 37 weeks.The study was conducted to determine the risk of periodontal disease on the incidence of preterm birth based on clinical examination, including Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), Periodontal Pocket in Depth (PPD), Bleeding on Probing (BOP) that pregnant women suffer from periodontal disease is a risk of premature delivery than not suffer from periodontal disease.Observational study with case control design conducted in health facilities (hospital based). The experiment was conducted at several hospitals in Singapore as dr Soedarso, RSIA Anugrah Mother Equator, RSIA JEUMPA and RS Kharitas Bakti. Minimum sample size in the study with the case of 87 respondents and 98 control respondents, data collection conducted in August 2014 s / d of May, 2015.The result showed that the proportion of periodontal disease and preterm labor at 71.40% and 49.00% of term deliveries. While the proportion who do not suffer from periodontal disease and preterm labor 28.60%, 51.00% in labor at term. Periodontal disease significantly associated with the risk greater than 2.4 do not suffer from periodontal disease. As confounder significant relationship between other risk factors ANC and Employment.Suggestion of this study, pregnant women can conduct examination of periodontal disease in ANC governance both at primary and referral services to pregnant women."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pelatihan Asuhan Bayi Baru Lahir (ABBL), Manajemen Laktasi dan Perawatan Metode Kanguru pada kader posyandu di Kecamatan Sawit dan Ngemplak, Kabupaten Boyolali tahun 2014. Metode yang digunakan pra-eksperimental, variabel yang diukur pengetahuan-sikap sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan pada 40 kader. Uji statistik digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan hasil pretest dan postest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada pengetahuan kader tentang ABBL, Manajemen Laktasi dan PMK (p=0,000) dan sikap PMK (p=0,0001) namun tidak terjadi perbedaan sikap yang signifikan pada ABBL (p=0,862) dan Manajemen Laktasi (p=0,065).

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This study aims to determine the effect of training Newborn Care, Management and Treatment Lactation Kangaroo Mother Care ( FMD ) to cadre in health center district of Sawit and Ngemplak, Boyolali 2014. The research method used is pre- experimental by measuring knowledge-attitude before and after the training for 40 person of cadre. The statistical test used to look at differences in pretest and posttest results. Results showed that there was significant difference in knowledge of Newborn Care, Management Lactation and FMD (p=0.000) and attitude FMD (p=0.0001) although no significant difference in attitudes occurred to Newborn Care (p = 0.862) and Lactation Management (p = 0.065). "