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"Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) disandang oleh 10,7 juta orang di Indonesia dan menjadi tiga besar penyakit tidak menular penyebab kematian. Sebagian besar kematian terjadi akibat komplikasi yang diawali oleh kontrol glikemik kadar HbA1c yang tidak adekuat, dan diasosiasikan dengan aspek multifaktorial seperti karakteristik sosiodemografi maupun perilaku individu dalam merawat diri—Self-Care Behaviour. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kontrol glikemik pada penyandang DMT2 dengan karakteristik sosiodemografi dan perilaku self-care yang dimiliki. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan desain potong-lintang terhadap data sekunder yang dikumpulkan sebelumnya pada Kohor Penyakit Tidak Menular Bogor 2021. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner Self-Care Behaviour yang divalidasi dalam bahasa Indonesia, pengukuran kadar HbA1c serta karakteristik penyandang. Populasi studi adalah penyandang DMT2 di lima fasilitas kesehatan primer di Kota Bogor. Sampel dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan perhitungan odds ratio. Hasil: Analisis dilakukan pada 237 responden, terdiri atas 90 responden kelompok usia lansia (38%) dan 147 dewasa (62%). Jenis kelamin responden didominasi perempuan sebanyak 171 responden (72,2%) dan 66 responden laki-laki (27,8%). Sebanyak 149 responden (62,9%) memiliki skor Self-Care Behaviour yang baik. Sejumlah 134 responden (56,6%) memiliki kadar HbA1c yang terkontrol. Empat dari tujuh komponen Self-Care Behaviour—pengetahuan, motivasi, dukungan, dan efikasi—berhubungan dengan kontrol glikemik (p<0,001). Efikasi menjadi prediktor kadar HbA1c terkontrol paling kuat (Odds ratio [OR]: 9,7; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5,27–17,67). Skor keseluruhan Self-Care Behaviour yang baik meningkatkan probabilitas kadar HbA1c terkontrol 9,1 kali (95% CI 4,94–16,7) dibanding skor kurang baik. Komponen komunikasi, sikap, dan pembiayaan tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan. Tingkat pendidikan dan riwayat DMT2 di keluarga berhubungan dengan tingkat keseluruhan Self-Care Behaviour dan dengan kontrol kadar HbA1c. Kesimpulan: Aspek perilaku self-care pada penyandang DMT2 mempunyai dampak substansial dan signifikan terhadap kontrol glikemik yang dimiliki penyandang.

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Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 10.7 million individuals in Indonesia and ranks among the top three non-communicable diseases leading to death. Most of mortality result from complications initiated by inadequate glycemic control, associated with multifactorial aspects such as sociodemographic characteristics and individual self-care behaviour. This study aims to explore the relationship between glycemic control levels in individuals with T2DM and their sociodemographic characteristics and self-care behavior. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study utilizing previously collected secondary data from the Non-Communicable Disease Cohort in Bogor 2021 Data were collected using a validated Self-Care Behaviour questionnaire in Bahasa Indonesia, along with primary data of HbA1c levels and respondent socio-characteristics. The study population consisted of individuals with T2DM from five primary healthcare facilities in Bogor city. The samples were analyzed using Chi-Square test and risk calculation. Result: The research analysis included 237 respondents, consisting of 90 elderly (38%) and 147 adults respondents (62%). The respondents were predominantly female, with 171 respondents (72.2%) compared to 66 male respondants (27.8%). A total of 149 respondents (62.9%) exhibited good Self-Care Behaviour scores. Approximately 134 respondents (56.6%) maintained controlled HbA1c levels. Four out of seven Self-Care Behaviour components—knowledge, motivation, support, and efficacy—were associated with glycemic control (p<0.001). Efficacy identified as the most influential predictor for controlled HbA1c levels (odds ratio [OR]: 9.7, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.27–17.67). An overall good Self-Care Behaviour score is associated with a 9.1-fold increased probability of achieving controlled HbA1c levels (95% CI 4.94–16.7) compared to group with poor score. Self-Care Behaviour components of communication, attitude, and financing were not signicifantly associated. Education level and a family history of T2DM were associated with overall Self-Care Behaviour and with HbA1c control."

"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with lower performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with structural abnormalities of the brain. With the growing epidemic of diabetes and aging population, neural complications of diabetes are expected to rise and becoming a challenge for future health implications. Understanding pathophysiology, factors associated with this complication, manifestation of cognitive impairment and various metabolic and neuroradiologic markers suggestive of this pathologic condition is crucial for proper management of this potentially debilitating complication of T2DM. This review will discuss briefly important aspects of cognitive impairment in T2DM."

"Prevention of type 2 diabetes can be achieved properly by simultaneous prevention of obesity. Prediabetes, or metabolic syndrome, is the period between simple obesity and diabetes, and this critical period needs to be identified in a more consistent and systematic manner by clinicians worldwide. Clinical trials have indicated that diabetes prevention can be achieved by lifestyle changes and also by certain medications, though none are yet approved for use in prevention. On the other hand, there are funding agencies such as the NIH, CDC, and state institutions that are interested in studying the prevention paradigms in different communities and ethnic minorities who are most prone to this epidemic. For these reasons, this title by renowned physician-scientist Derek LeRoith is both timely and vitally important for academic physicians, practitioners, allied health care providers, analysts, community activists, and all others interested in this increasing epidemic. This book provides a unique and comprehensive synthesis of the prevention and early diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes, focusing on identifying risk factors and then moving into topics that address how to prevent their progression to full-blown diabetes. The difficult task of changing patients’ behavior is given special emphasis. The chapters in this practical volume are written by a wide range of international experts, reflecting the editor’s distinguished, internationally renowned career. The volume is organized in eight sections: an introduction to the overall issue of prevention, definitions of values based on ADA guidelines, pathophysiology, discussion of a range of interventional trials regarding prevention, and an overview of state-of-the-art clinical management approaches. "

"Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the submandibular glands or its duct but rare in parotids of patients, especially in male adults. The accessory of salivary glands are small, unsheathed masses with a small canaliculi. The irritant factors might be due to inflammation of the inner layer of the canaliculi, that often concomitant to saliva stasis. This process leads to development of calculus that it is related to secretive specificity of the submandibular gland. The essential factor for its calcification is the stagnation of secretory material rich in calcium. The accumulation of this material would cause swelling, further obstruction and atrophy until there is widespread inflammation that has been termed sialadenitis. Diabetes mellitus is one of the medically compromised diseases. Although there are many associations between diabetes mellitus and oral health, lack of investigation in this area has been done to study salivary gland alterations. Many diabetic patient complained xerostomia, a decreasing salivary flow and enlargement if the parotid gland due to a compensatory mechanism to xerostomia that has been termed sialadenosis. This review article summarized that there is no relationship between sialolithiasis and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. "

"ABSTRAKDiabetes mellitus tipe 2 DM tipe 2 merupakan penyakit kronis yang membutuhkan perawatan berkelanjutan seumur hidup untuk mencegah komplikasi akut dan kronik. Manajemen perawatan diri merupakan aspek dasar dari perawatan diabetes. Salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan perilaku perawatan diri yaitu dukungan sosial yang diperoleh dari keluarga, tenaga kesehatan, teman, atau sesama pasien diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku perawatan diri pasien DM tipe 2 di Persadia Depok. Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional, melibatkan 52 responden pasien DM tipe 2 yang begabung di Persadia kota Depok. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur perilaku perawatan diri yaitu kuesioner The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas perawatan diri responden dalam satu minggu terakhir adalah 4,4 hari Median 4,4; Minimal-Maksimal 2,6-5,4; 95 CI 4,1-4,5 , dan hanya setengah 50 responden yang memiliki perilaku perawatan diri kategori baik. Perilaku yang sudah baik yaitu diet, latihan fisik, dan kepatuhan medikasi, sedangkan perilaku yang masih buruk yaitu pemantauan glukosa darah mandiri dan perawatan kaki. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar perawat dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya meningkatkan edukasi dan dukungan terkait perilaku perawatan diri pasien diabetes, terutama pemantauan glukosa darah dan perawatan kaki.

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ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 DM is a chronic disease that requires long term management throughout the life to prevent acute and chronic complications. Self care is a fundamental and integral part of diabetes management. Social support obtained from family, health professional, friends, or diabetic peers may predict good self care behaviour. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the self care behaviour of adult with type 2 DM in Persadia Depok. This quantitative study used a cross sectional design. A consecutive sample of 52 subjects with type 2 DM who joined in Persadia Depok was included. The instrument used to measure self care behaviour is The Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities questionnaire. The results showed that self care behaviour of participants in the last seven days is 4,4 days Median 4.4, Minimal Maximum 2.6 5.4, 95 CI 4.1 4.5 . Self care was described as ldquo good rdquo in only half of the participant 50 . Self care behaviour was reported good in diet, physical exercise, and taking medication, but it was poor in self monitoring of blood glucose SMBG and foot care. This study recommends that nurses and other health professionals should promote education and support to improve patients self care behaviour, especially SMBG and foot care."