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"Sebuah postur kerja dan area kerja yang ergonomis akan mempengaruhi keselamatan, kesehatan dan produktivitas pada saat bekerja. Pekerjaan dalam budidaya udang terutama pada saat pengecekan anco oleh para pekerja/feeder berkaitan dengan postur kerja yang dilakukan secara berulang dan monoton. Tentunya kondisi tersebut mengakibatkan feeder pada tambak udang berada pada postur kerja yang tidak alamiah dan bersifat statis sehingga beresiko menimbulkan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini mencoba mempelajari rangkaian kerja dan aspek ergonomi yang mempengaruhi postur area kerja yang ergonomis dalam aktivitas pengecekan anco menggunakan metode simulasi pada virtual environrnment. Penyesuaian dilakukan dengan mendesain kursi dan gawangan yang ergonomis. Penilaian postur kerja dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) yang terdiri dari penilaian LBA, OWAS dan RULA dari pada task analysis toolkit software Tecnomatix Jack 8.2.

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An ergonomic work posture and work area will affect safety, health and productivity at work. Work in shrimp farming, especially when checking anco by workers/feeders, is related to repetitive and monotonous work postures. Of course, these conditions cause the feeder in shrimp ponds to be in an unnatural and static working posture so that it is at risk of causing musculoskeletal disorders. This research tries to study the work series and ergonomic aspects that affect the ergonomic work area posture in anco checking activities using a simulation method in a virtual environment. Adjustments are made by designing ergonomic chairs and seats. Assessment of work posture is carried out by evaluating the Posture Evaluation Index (PEI), which consists of LBA, OWAS and RULA assessments from the Tecnomatix Jack 8.2 software task analysis toolkit."

"Komputer merupakan alat kerja yang sudah tidak asing lagi bagi pekerja kantor. Aktivitas ini dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya ketidaknyamanan pada tubuh, hingga dapat menyebabkan keluhan nyeri muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor individu (postur, usia, jenis kelamin, dan indeks massa tubuh) dan lingkungan kerja (suhu, pencahayaan, dan stasiun kerja) terhadap keluhan gangguan otot rangka akibat kerja (GOTRAK) di PT. X. Penelitian ini juga menilai ergonomi stasiun kerja pada PT. X berdasarkan PERMENKES no. 48 tahun 2016 tentang Standar K3 Perkantoran. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang kepada 42 pekerja dan observasi langsung. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah 61,9% pekerja mengalami nyeri pada tubuh selama 1 bulan terakhir. Berdasarkan pengisian Nordic Body Map, keluhan terbanyak berada pada titik 5 (punggung) sebanyak 57,7%, titik 7 (pinggang) sebanyak 53,8%, dan titik 0 (leher atas) sebanyak 46,2%. Pada hasil analisis penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pada faktor individu, hanya faktor indeks massa tubuh yang memiliki korelasi (rho = 0,330 = berpengaruh positif yang sedang) dan signifikan (p-value = 0,033) terhadap keluhan nyeri. Sedangkan pada faktor lingkungan kerja, hanya faktor pencahayaan yang memiliki korelasi (rho = -0,323 = berpengaruh negatif yang sedang) dan signifikan (p-value = 0,037) terhadap keluhan nyeri. Stasiun kerja pada PT. X membutuhkan beberapa perbaikan karena dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya keluhan GOTRAK pada pekerja.

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Computers are work tools that are familiar to office workers. This activity can increase the risk of discomfort to body and become musculoskeletal pain. This study aims to analyse the relationship of individual factors (posture, age, sex, and body mass index) and work environment (temperature and lighting) on occurrence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders at PT. X. This paper is also assessing the ergonomics of work station at PT. X based on PERMENKES no. 48 of 2016 concerning Office K3 Standards. The design of this study was cross-sectional with 42 workers and direct observation. 61.9% of workers experienced pain in the body during the last 1 month. The results of Nordic Body Map questionnaire show the most pain occurrence are at point 5 (back) as much as 57,7%, point 7 (waist) as much as 53,8%, and point 0 (upper neck) as much as 46,2%. Through quantitative analysis, it is known that on the individual factors, only the body mass index factor has a correlation (rho = 0,330 = moderate positive correlation) and significant (p-value = 0,033) on pain occurrence. Meanwhile, on the work environment factor, only the lighting factor has correlation (rho = -0.323 = moderate negative correlation) and significant (p-value = 0.037) on pain occurrence. Work station at PT. X needs some improvements because an unergonomic work station can be one of the contributors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders occurrence complaints among workers."

""The third edition of this convenient pocket guide presents a comprehensive collection of clinical tests for all the major musculoskeletal structures. New tests have been added and existing tests fully revised to include the most practical, relevant, and up-to-date information for the effective evaluation of the musculoskeletal system. The book is organized by body region, with chapters devoted to the spine; shoulder; elbow; wrist, hand, and fingers; hip; knee; and foot and ankle. Each of these chapters opens with a figure depicting range of motion and an algorithm that provides a quick overview of symptoms, tests, imaging, and diagnosis. Additional chapters on posture deficiencies, venous thrombosis, occlusive arterial disease and neurovascular compression syndromes, and disturbances of the central nervous system complete the book. For each clinical test, readers will find a step-by-step description of the procedure, followed by a concise discussion of assessment and possible diagnoses for that test"--Publisher's website."

"Risiko ergonomi terkait postur kerja selama beraktivitas merupakan kesalahan ergonomi yang sering ditemui pada perawat di rumah sakit. Sebagian besar pekerjaan perawat dilakukan dalam posisi berdiri atau membungkuk, dan jarang dilakukan dalam posisi duduk. Kegiatan tersebut jika dilakukan dalam postur kerja yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan risiko ergonomi postur kerja dengan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Desain penelitiannya observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional menggunakan Formulir observasi Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) untuk menilai tingkat risiko ergonomi postur kerja dan Kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM) untuk mengevaluasi keluhan gangguan muskuloskeletal pada perawat yang melibatkan 76 perawat. Analisa data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji Chi Square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas perawat berjenis kelamin perempuan (67,1%), tingkat pendidikan DIII keperawatan (46,1%), dengan indeks masa tubuh normal (46,1%), dan sebesar (55,3%) bekerja di rawat inap. Usia termuda perawat 23 tahun dan usia tertua 58 tahun, serta masa kerja perawat paling singkat 1 tahun dan paling lama 36 tahun. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara postur kerja perawat dengan gangguan muskuloskeletal (p=0,000) dan unit kerja dengan gangguan muskuloskeletal (p=0,001). Perlunya perawat memahami postur kerja yang berisiko terhadap gangguan muskuloskeletal dan dapat menerapkan postur kerja yang baik selama memberikan asuhan keperawatan untuk mencegah gangguan muskuloskeletal.

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The ergonomic risk of working posture during activities is an ergonomic error that is often encountered by nurses in hospitals. Most nursing work is done in a standing or bent position, and rarely in a sitting position. If these activities are carried out in an inappropriate working posture, they can cause musculoskeletal disorders. This study aims to determine the relationship between ergonomic risk of work posture and musculoskeletal disorders. The research design was analytical observational with a cross sectional approach using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) observation form to assess the level of ergonomic risk of work postures and the Nordic Body Map (NBM) Questionnaire to evaluate complaints of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses involving 76 nurses. Data analysis used descriptive analysis, Chi Square test and logistic regression. The results showed that the majority of nurses were female (67.1%), had a DIII nursing education level (46.1%), had a normal body mass index (46.1%), and (55.3%) worked in inpatient settings. . The youngest nurse is 23 years old and the oldest is 58 years old, and the nurse's working period is at least 1 year and the longest is 36 years. There is a significant relationship between nurses' work posture and musculoskeletal disorders (p=0.000) and work units and musculoskeletal disorders (p=0.001). It is necessary for nurses to understand work postures that are at risk of experiencing musculoskeletal disorders and apply good work postures to prevent musculoskeletal disorders."

"Concise text covers the core anatomy, physiology and biochemistry in an integrated manner as required by system-based and problem-based medical courses. Authors from University of Sydney, Australia."

"Forklift worker is one of the types of jobs that have a risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to individual factors, the environment, and jobs factors. This study was conducted to see a picture of the forklift worker`s jobs, determine the individual and environmental factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders in forklift workers in PT X in 2013 and see a picture of an occupational hazard. This research is quantitative research using cross-sectional study design with questionnaires and REBA. The study states that the duration of work affects the subjective complaints of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk level forklift workers including mild to moderate. It necessary to supervise forklift workers working posture control, setting the duration of the work, socialization musculoskeletal disorders, the symptoms, the risk factors, the method of prevention, and a simple way of treatment.

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Pekerja forklift merupakan salah satu jenis pekerjaan yang memiliki risiko terkena musculoskeletal disorders karena faktor individu, lingkungan, dan pekerjaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran pekerjaan forklift, faktor individu dan lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan musculoskeletal disorders pada pekerja forklift di PT X tahun 2013 dan melihat gambaran risiko pekerjaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain studi potong lintang dengan kuesioner dan tools REBA. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa lama kerja mempengaruhi keluhan subyektif musculoskeletal disorders dan tingkat risiko ergonomi pekerja forklift termasuk ringan hingga sedang. Sarannya, perlu dilakukan pengawasan dan pengendalian postur kerja pekerja forklift, pengaturan durasi kerja, sosialisasi terkait musculoskeletal disorders, gejala, faktor risiko, tindakan pencegahan, dan penanganan."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko ergonomi dan keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada pekerja garmen PT Parahita Prima Sentosa menggunakan tools REBA dan kuesioner NBM. Responden pada studi ini adalah 33 pekerja yang tersebar pada setiap aktivitas mencakup cutting, sewing, setrika dan quality control. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa dengan metode REBA didapatkan mayoritas pekerja pada bagian produksi mempunyai tingkat risiko sedang untuk terjadi MSDs, yaitu operator jahit, operator setrika, dan pekerja quality control dan satu aktivitas yang memiliki risiko sangat tinggi yaitu operator cutting. Untuk hasil kuesioner NBM menunjukan bahwa pekerja pada industri ini mengeluhkan pada bagian pinggang (87.9%), leher atas (63.6%) dan betis kiri (60.3%).

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This Research purposes to find out risk level of ergonomic and Musculoskeletal Disorders complaint in garment workers at PT Parahita Prima Sentosa using REBA tools and NBM questionaires. The respondents of this study are 33 workers that dispersed at each activity included cutting, sewing, ironing and quality control. The result of this study (REBA) showed that the majority of workers in the production division were have a medium risk for MSDs, there are sewing operators, ironing operators, and quality control workers and just one activity that has a very high risk which is cutting operators. Results for NBM questionary obtained that workers in this industry has complaints in their waist (87.9%), upper neck (63.6%) and left calf (60.6%)."