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"A cross-sectional investigation aimed to establish the relation between the pattern of tooth brushing and dental caries for a non-random (accidental) sample of 140 people, more than 12 years old, in Puger Kulon village. The used instruments and materials were explorer, mouth mirror, deppen glass, neir beken, 70% alcohol and a questionnaire sheet. The resulting data were analyzed by chi-square test (a=0.05). The results show a significant association of the pattern of tooth brushing with caries, so that an applied pattern of tooth brushing significantly decreased dental caries. Conversely, absent tooth brushing was significantly associated with higher incidence of caries."

"Menyikat gigi malam sebelum tidur diduga merupakan faktor yang paling penting untuk mengurangi resiko penyakit gigi dan mulut termasuk peradangan gingiva pada anak usia SD. Masa usia sekolah dasar adalah masa erupsi gigi permanen yang meningkatkan resiko peradangan gingiva akibat dari proses rupturnya jaringan gingiva. Apabila kebersihan mulut tidak terjaga, maka resiko peradangan gingiva dapat meningkat. Tujuan: menganalisis kemungkinan adanya perbedaan status kesehatan gingiva antara kelompok anak yang menyikat gigi malam sebelum tidur dengan yang tidak menyikat gigi malam sebelum tidur.Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong lintang, dan subyek penelitian diperoleh secara consecutive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Anyelir 1 Depok Jaya pada tanggal 30 Oktober- 10 November 2007, dengan subyek penelitian murid kelas 4, 5, dan 6 SD. Subyek yang diperiksa berjumlah 113 murid, yang terdiri dari 51 murid laki-laki dan 62 murid perempuan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji perbedaan. Hasil Penelitian: Dari analisis statistik diketahui mean rank skor gingivitis subyek yang menyikat gigi malam adalah 37.34, dan yang tidak menyikat gigi malam adalah 63.79. Dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney, diperoleh p=0.000. Keterampilan menyikat gigi tidak menunjukkan keparahan gingivitis, yaitu dari uji Kruskal-Wallis, diperoleh p= 0.198 . Kesimpulan : dari hasil uji perbedaan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna status kesehatan gingiva antara kelompok anak yang menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam hari dan yang tidak menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam hari, yaitu status kesehatan gingiva kelompok anak yang menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam lebih baik daripada yang tidak menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam. Namun, keterampilan menyikat gigi tidak berpengaruh terhadap status kesehatan gingiva mereka.Nightbrushing is maybe one of the most important factor to reduce the risk of dental illness include gingivitis in elementary school?s age child. Elementary school?s age is the time of permanent tooth eruption which increase the risk of gingivitis. If the oral hygiene is not keep well, the risk of gingivitis may increase. Purpose: to analyse the differences of the gingival health between a group of children with nightbrushing habit and a group of children without nightbrushing habit. Method: the design of this research is analytic crosssectional. Consecutive sampling was used to recruite the subject. The research conducted at SDN Anyelir 1 Depok Jaya from 30th October-10th November 2007, with the subject was student of 4,5,and 6 class of SDN Anyelir 1 Depok Jaya. The sample of this research is 113 children, consist of 51 male and 62 female student. The result of this research was analysed with difference test. Result: from statistic analyzes knowed that mean rank gingivitis score of subject that have nightbrushing habit is 37.34, and that is not have nightbrushing habit is 63.79. From Mann-Whitney Test, showed p= 0.000. Tooth brushing skill did not show the degrees of gingivitis, from Kruskal- Wallis Test, showed P = 0.198. Conclusion: from the result of difference test, concluded that there is significant difference of gingiva health status between a group of children with nightbrushing habit and a group without nightbrushing habit. The gingiva health status of a group of children with nightbrushing habit is better than a group of children without nightbrushing habit. The toothbrushing skill?s is not affect to their status of gingival health."

"Peningkatan prevalensi karies gigi terutama disebabkan karena adanya perubahan-perubahan dalam pola makan dari makanan berserat menjadi makanan mudah melekat pada permukaan gigi. Bila seseorang malas untuk membersihkan giginya setelah makan makanan yang manis dan lengket, maka sisa-sisa makanan tersebut akan diubah menjadi asam oleh bakteri yang terdapat dalam mulut, kemudian dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya karies gigi. Menurut Matram (2007), berdasarkan SKRT 2004, penyebab tingginya prevalensi karies hanya sedikit orang Indonesia mengerti cara menyikat gigi benar (10%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh kebiasaan menyikat gigi terhadap status pengalaman karies dengan menganalisis data Rriskesdas 2007. Dalam Penelitian ini terdapat 198.023 responden berusia 35 tahun ke atas yang diperiksa giginya Desain penelitian cross sectional, populasi adalah seluruh penduduk Indonesia tahun 2007. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi logistik ganda. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan distribusi frekuensi karakteristik responden, responden yang mempunyai gigi yang sehat, DMF-T = 0 adalah hanya 11,76 % dan responden yang mengalami kerusakan gigi atau DMF-T
1 adalah sebanyak 88,24%. Prevalensi pengalaman karies paling tinggi terjadi pada kelompok umur 65 tahun ke atas yaitu 96,51%. Pada kelompok yang menyikat gigi 1x/hari 1,063 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibanding sikat gigi 2x/hari. Kelompok yang jarang menyikat gigi 1,23 kali berisiko terjadinya kerusakan gigi dibandingkan yg sikat gigi 2x/hari. Setelah dikontrol oleh variabel umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan pekerjaan. Sebaiknya masyarakat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulutnya dengan rajin menyikat gigi 2 kali sehari yaitu setelah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam untuk dapat mengurangi terjadinya karies gigi.

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Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries.;Increased prevalence of dental caries was due to changes in dietary fiber foods into food from easily attached to the tooth surface. When someone lazy to clean his teeth after eating sweet or sticky foods, the leftovers will be converted into acid by bacteria contained in the mouth, and can cause dental caries. According Matram (2007), based on the 2004 Household Health Survey, the cause of the high prevalence of caries in Indonesia that few people understand how to brush teeth correctly (10%). The purpose of this study is to see the effect of tooth brushing habits of the status of caries experience by analyzing the data Riskesdas 2007. In this study there were 198 023 respondents aged 35 years and over who checked his teeth cross sectional study design, population is the entire population of Indonesia in 2007. The analysis used is multiple logistic regression. The results based on the frequency distribution characteristics of respondents, respondents who have healthy teeth, DMF-T = 0 is only 11.76% and the respondents who experienced damage to their teeth or DMF-T
1 is as much as 88.24%. The highest prevalence of caries experience occurred at age group 65 years and over is 96.51%. In the group that tooth brushing 1 times/day 1.063 times the risk of tooth decay than two times/day toothbrush. Groups who rarely brush my teeth 1.23 times the risk of tooth decay compared to toothbrush who 2times/day. Once controlled by the variables of age, gender, education and employment. Community should maintain healthy teeth and mouth with diligent brushing their teeth two times a day after breakfast and before bedtime to reduce the occurrence of dental caries."

"Masa anak usia sekolah merupakan masa yang efektif untuk meletakkan landasan kokoh bagi terwujudnya kebiasaan-kebiasaan hidup sehat termasuk menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam hari. Tanpa menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam, maka penimbunan plak cenderung meningkat, yang akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya resiko terjadinya gigi berlubang dan gusi berdarah. Tujuan: menganalisa perbedaan tingkat kebersihan mulut menurut kebiasaan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam hari yang dikendalikan dengan keterampilan menyikat gigi. Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode potong-lintang dengan pengambilan subyek secara consecutive sampling, dan dilakukan di SDN Anyelir 1 Depok Jaya pada bulan Oktober s/d November 2007, dengan subyek penelitian yang terdiri dari murid kelas 4, 5, dan 6 SD. Subyek yang diperiksa berjumlah 113 murid, yang terdiri dari 51 murid laki-laki dan 62 murid perempuan. Hasil: rata-rata skor plak 1 anak yang menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam lebih besar yaitu 64,83 dibanding yang tidak yaitu 58,93, dan rata-rata skor plak 2 anak yang menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam lebih besar yaitu 39,48 dibanding yang tidak yaitu 38,40. Hasil t-test untuk kebiasaan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam untuk skor plak 1, p=0,246, dan untuk skor plak 2, p=0,806. Keterampilan menyikat gigi kategori baik maupun sedang tidak berpengaruh terhadap skor plak antara kelompok anak dengan kebiasaan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam dan yang tidak. Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna tingkat kebersihan mulut antara kelompok anak dengan kebiasaan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam dan yang tidak. Setelah dikendalikan dengan keterampilan menyikat gigi, didapatkan hasil bahwa tetap tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna tingkat kebersihan mulut antara kelompok anak dengan kebiasaan menyikat gigi sebelum tidur malam dan yang tidak.

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The elementary school`s age period is important phase to build healthy life habit, include tooth brushing before night sleep. Without brushing teeth before sleeping at night, there will be an increase in plaque accumulation which in turn will increase the risk for caries tooth and bleeding gum. Purpose: to analyze the difference in oral hygiene status based on tooth brushing habit before sleeping at night which was intervened by tooth brushing skill compared to those without the habit. Method: This cross sectional study conducted at SDN Anyelir 1 Depok Jaya in October - November 2007. Consecutive sampling was used to recruit the subjects (students) who were on 4, 5 and 6th year of the elementary school. There were 113 students consisted of 51 male and 62 female students. Result: means of plaque score 1 in child with tooth brushing habit before night sleep is 64.83 which is higher than child without those habit, is 58.93, and means of plaque score 2 in child with tooth brushing habit before night sleep is 39.48 which is higher than child without those habit, is 38.40. The result of t-test for tooth brushing habit before night sleep is p=0.246 for plaque score 1, and p=0.806 for plaque score 2. There was no influences of good or fair skill of tooth brushing in plaque score between groups with and without tooth brushing habit before night sleep. Conclusion: There was no difference in plaque accumulation stage between groups with and without tooth brushing habit before night sleep. After intervene with tooth brushing skill, there was still no difference in oral hygiene status between those two groups."

"Karies gigi merupakan penyakit jaringan keras gigi, yaitu email, dentin dan sementum yang terjadi akibat demineralisasi enamel gigi oleh aktivitas bakteri kariogenik yang menghasilkan asam, khususnya Streptococcus mutans. Dalam penelitian ini permen karet digunakan sebagai sediaan dengan penambahan zat aktif kompleks CPP-ACP dan lilin propolis (0%,2%,4%,6%) dari Trigona sp untuk mencegah karies dan meremineralisasi permukaan gigi. Pembuatan komplek CPP-ACP (casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phospate) sesuai dengan paten US 2005/0037948 dengan komposisi 5% b/b tiap formulasi permen karet. Lilin propolis yang digunakan merupakan produk samping pemurnian raw propolis Trigona sp yang tersusun atas komponen resin dan lilin. Walaupun kandungan senyawa flavonoid yang terkandung dalam lilin propolis lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan porpolis murni, namun masih ampuh dalam menginhibisi bakteri S.mutans. Hasil pengujian in vitro permen karet uji menunjukkan bahwa dengan konsentrasi 6% dan CPP-ACP mampu menginhibisi 80% aktivitas S.mutans dalam pembentukan biofilm plak gigi relatif terhadap kontrol negatif. Dan hasil pengujian kualitatif permukaan gigi menunjukkan CPP-ACP dalam permen karet uji mampu memicu terjadinya proses remineralisasi pada permukaan gigi yang telah mengalami demineralisasi. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan SEM (2000x perbesaran).

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Dental caries is tooth hard tissue disease caused by demineralization of tooth enamel from the activity of cariogenic bacteria that produce organic acid, especially of Streptococcus mutans. In this research gum used as preparations with the addition of CPP-ACP complex and the active ingredients of wax propolis (0%, 2%,4%,6%) from Trigona sp. for preventing caries and remineralization tooth enamel. The generation of CPP-ACP complex (Casein Phosphopeptides-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate) is in accordance with the patent US 2005/0037948 followed by the composition of 5% w/w of each gum formulation. Propolis wax that used is a by-product raw propolis purification Trigona sp. composed of resin and wax components. Although the content of flavonoid compound contained in propolis wax less than pure propolis, yet still powerful in bacteria inhibit especially S.mutans. The in vitro test showed that 6% of propolis wax and CPP-ACP in sugar-free chewing gum is able to prevent the formation of dental caries by inhibiting biofilm formation up to 80% more effective relative to the negative control. And tooth surface qualitative test results showed that the CPP-ACP in sugar-free chewing gum able to trigger the process of remineralization on tooth surfaces which have been demineralized before. Observation were carried out by using SEM (2000x magnification)."

"Tingginya angka karies gigi pada anak usia sekolah seiring kebiasaan masyarakat Indonesia yang belum menerapkan kebiasaan baik dalam menggosok gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan menggosok gigi sebelum tidur malam dengan karies pada siswa sekolah dasar. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif korelatif pada 108 responden yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Istiqomah Tangerang. Ada hubungan bermakna antara kebiasaan menggosok gigi sebelum tidur malam dengan karies dengan Pvalue 0,039 menggunakan uji chi-square. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah orangtua dan guru perlu membiasakan anak untuk menggosok gigi sebelum tidur malam sejak usia sekolah.

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The high prevalence of dental caries among school-age children as Indonesian people have not implemented good habit of tooth brushing. This research was aimed to explore the correlation between habit of tooth brushing before going to the bed at night with dental caries among elementary school students. The research used a descriptive correlation. Samples, 108 respondents were recruited using stratified random sampling at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Istiqomah in Tangerang. Habit of tooth brushing before going to the bed at night were significantly correlated with dental caries among students with Pvalues 0,039 used chi-square. Based on findings, parents and teachers have to teach good habit of tooth brushing before going to bed at night."

"Latar Belakang : World Health Organization (WHO) mengatakan bahwa karies gigi termasuk penyakit yang paling sering terjadi pada anak-anak di seluruh dunia. Salah satu cara yang efektif untuk mengontrol plak serta meningkatkan kebersihan gigi dan mulut adalah dengan menyikat gigi dengan baik dan benar sehingga dapat mencegah karies. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengajarkan perilaku menyikat gigi yang baik kepada anak-anak sejak dini. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan antara perilaku menyikat gigi dan karies gigi pada pasien anak di Klinik Profesi Kedokteran Gigi Anak Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian analitik menganalisis rekam medis pasien anak di Klinik Profesi Kedokteran Gigi Anak Rumah Sakit Khusus Gigi dan Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia dalam periode Januari 2021 hingga Maret 2024. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman menggunakan perangkat lunak statistik. Hasil: Subjek penelitian ini sejumlah 541 pasien anak. Berdasarkan uji korelasi Spearman, terlihat terdapat hubungan lemah negatif yang tidak bermakna (p > 0,05) antara perilaku menyikat gigi dengan karies gigi. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan lemah negatif yang tidak bermakna pada hubungan antara perilaku menyikat gigi dan karies gigi pada pasien anak di Klinik Profesi Kedokteran Gigi Anak RSKGM FKG UI.

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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) states that dental caries is one of the most common diseases in children worldwide. One effective way to control plaque and improve dental and oral hygiene is to brush teeth properly to prevent caries. Therefore, it is important to teach children a good tooth brushing behavior from an early age.

Objectives: To determine the correlation between tooth brushing behavior and dental caries in pediatric patients at the Pediatric Dentistry Professional Clinic, Specialized Dental and Oral Hospital (RSKGM) Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia (FKG UI).

Methods: Analytical research using secondary data from medical records of pediatric patients at the Pediatric Dentistry Professional Clinic, Dental and Oral Special Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia from January 2021 until March 2024 . Data analysis was carried out using the Spearman correlation test using statistical software.

Results: The subjects of this study were 541 pediatric patients. Based on the Spearman correlation test, there was a weak negative relationship that was not significant (p> 0.05) between tooth brushing behavior and tooth caries.

Conclusion: This study found that there was a weak negative relationship that was not significant between tooth brushing behavior and dental caries in pediatric patients at the Pediatric Dentistry Professional Clinic RSKGM FKG UI."

"Perawatan gigi pada usia 5-6 tahun mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi pada tingkat usia selanjutnya. Kurangnya perawatan gigi seperti menggosok gigi dapat memicu terjadinya kerusakan gigi, salah satu diantaranya karies gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara perawatan gigi yaitu menggosok gigi dengan insiden karies gigi pada anak usia 5-6 tahun. Subjek penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa TK At- Taubah dan TK Persistri dengan jumlah 65 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif korelatif sedangkan teknik analisis datanya menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak ada hubungannya antara kurangnya perawatan gigi (menggosok gigi) dengan insiden karies gigi pada anak usia 5-6 tahun.

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Tooth care in child 5-6 years old effects tooth health in the next level. Less tooth care like tooth brush with right and regular can cause damage tooth, example tooth caries. Research objective to know related between tooth care like tooth brush with incident tooth caries in child 5-6 years old. Research sample is students TK At- Taubah and TK Persistri with 65 people. Research design is corelatif descriptive with technique data analysis is chi square test. Research result direct not related between tooth care like tooth brush with incident tooth caries in child 5-6 years old."