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"Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya di benua Amerika. Adanya perbedaan budaya Amerika dan Asia membuat peneliti akan melakukan penelitian serupa di benua Asia, khususnya di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Partisipan penelitian adalah 302 orangtua pada rentang usia 25-45 tahun, yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya (5-12 tahun). Parenting self-efficacy adalah estimasi orangtua terhadap kompetensinya dalam menjalankan peran sebagai orangtua atau persepsi orangtua terhadap kemampuannya dalam memberikan pengaruh yang positif pada tingkah laku dan perkembangan anak (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), dan strategi pengasuhan adalah berbagai bentuk tingkah laku orangtua untuk mengarahkan dan memengaruhi perilaku anak (Laforce, 2004). Teknik statistik yang digunakan adalah teknik korelasi Pearson. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara strategi pengasuhan dan parenting self-efficacy, dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = + 0.221, p < 0.01, one-tailed, yang diukur oleh 36 aitem Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) dan 59 aitem Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (PSQ) ? refined version. Hasil tersebut berarti semakin tinggi strategi pengasuhan yang dimiliki orangtua, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua. Implikasi dari penelitian ini akan didiskusikan selanjutnya.

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Researches have shown the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children in America. Culture differences between America and Asia brings this study to find the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy in Asia, especially in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children. Participants in this study were 302 parents in age range from 25 to 45, who have child at middle childhood age (5-12 years old). Parenting self-efficacy is parents? estimation of their competences in parenting or parents? perception of their ability to provide positive influence in child behavior and child development (Coleman & Karraker, 2000), and parenting strategies are various forms of parents? behavior to direct and affect child?s behavior (Laforce, 2004). Statistical techniques that used in this study was Pearson correlation. The result of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between parenting strategies and parenting self-efficacy in parents with child at middle childhood age, with coefficient correlation r = + 0.221, p < 0.01, one-tailed, as measured by 36 items of Self-efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) and 59 aitems of Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (PSQ) - refined version. This result shows the higher parents parenting strategies, then the higher level of parenting self efficacy in parents. Implication of this study are discussed."

"Pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh orangtua terhadap anak memiliki hubungan dengan pengalaman keterlibatan orangtua di masa lalu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan orangtua (ayah dan ibu) yaitu instrumental, ekspresif, dan mentoring/advising terhadap parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Persepsi keterlibatan orangtua merupakan sejauh mana orangtua menunjukkan perilaku yang menandakan bahwa mereka ikut berpartisipasi dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan anak. Parenting self-efficacy merupakan persepsi dalam memandang kemampuannya yang dapat memengaruhi perilaku dan perkembangan anak secara positif. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran persepsi keterlibatan orangtua menggunakan alat ukur Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) dan Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), sedangkan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 302 orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya dan berada di rentang usia 25-45 tahun yang diperoleh dengan teknik convenience sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan ayah yang signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 3,959, p<0,01. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan ibu yang signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 2,858, p<0,05. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu diharapkan orangtua meningkatkan keterlibatannya dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan anak dan memberikan pengasuhan yang positif bagi anak-anak mereka.

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Parenting correlates with how ones parent involve in childhood experience. This research was conducted to determine the influence of the three dimensions of perceived parental involvement (father and mother) that is instrumental, expressive, and mentoring/advising on parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children. Perceived parental involvement refers to the extent to which parents participate in various aspects of their children?s lives. Parenting self-efficacy is parents perceptions of their ability to positively influence the behavior and development of their children. Perceived parental involvement was measured by Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) and Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Participants in this study were 302 parents aged 25-45 years with middle childhood children are obtained through convenience sampling technique. This research used quantitive method. The results showed that there was a significant influence of three dimensions of perceived father involvement on parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 3,959, p<0,01, also there was a significant influences of three dimensions of perceived mother involvement on parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 2,858, p<0,05. The implication of this research is parent are expected to increase their involvement in various aspects of their children's lives and provide positive parenting to their children."

"Penelitian skripsi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara father involvement dengan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran father involvement menggunakan alat ukur Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) yang disusun oleh Hawkins dkk (2002), sedangkan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) yang disusun oleh Coleman & Karakker (2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 79 ibu yang memiliki anak usia 5 - 12 tahun.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara father involvement dengan parenting selfefficacy (r = + 0,431; n = 79; p < 0,01; one tail). Dari hasil ini dapat dikatakan bahwa semakin tinggi keterlibatan suami dalam proses parenting, maka semakin tinggi pula parenting self-efficacy ibu. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut keterlibatan ayah dalam proses parenting perlu ditingkatkan karena dapat meningkatkan keyakinan ibu akan kemampuannya untuk menjalankan peran sebagai orangtua bagi anak-anaknya.

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This research was conducted to determine the relationship between father involvement and parenting self-efficacy among mothers of middle childhood. Father involvement was measured by Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI) (Hawkins et.al, 2002), parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self -Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karakker, 2000). Participants in this study were 79 mothers of children aged 5 - 12 years.

The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between father involvement and parenting self-efficacy (r = + 0,431; n = 79; p < 0,01; one tail). From these results it can be said that the higher the father’s involvement in the parenting process, the higher the mother's parenting self-efficacy. Based on these results the involvement of fathers in the parenting process needs to be improved because the mother will have increased confidence in their ability to perform the role of a parent for their children."

"Coleman & Karraker (2000) menyebutkan elemen kognitif utama yang potensial dari kompetensi pengasuhan salah satunya adalah parenting self-efficacy. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi parenting self-efficacy tersebut adalah dukungan sociomarital. Belsky's juga menyatakan bahwa hubungan pernikahan adalah dukungan social utama dalam mekanisme kompetensi parenting (dalam Bogenschneider, Small, Tsay, 1997). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mengenai perbedaan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu tunggal bekerja dan ibu menikah bekerja penuh waktu dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengunakan alat ukur "Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index" (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan parenting self-efficacy antara ibu tunggal dan ibu menikah bekerja dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya dengan nilai (t = 2.019, p = 0.048, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.05).

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Coleman & Karraker (2000) states that one of the potential main cognitive element of parenting competence is parenting self-efficacy. Sociomarital support is one of the factors that affects parenting self-efficacy. Belsky's also explains that marital relation is the focal social support in parenting competence mechanism (in Bogenschneider, Small, Tsay, 1997). The research aims to know the difference between single working mother and married working mother who both working full time and having middle-aged children. The research is conducted using the "Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index" measuring instrument (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). The result concludes there is significant difference in parenting self-efficacy between single working mother and married working mother who both have middle-aged children with score (t = 2.019, p = 0.048, significant in L.o.S 0.05)."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dan konflik peran pada ibu bekerja dari toddler. Pengukuran parenting self-efficacy dilakukan dengan alat ukur Self-Efficacy Parenting for Tasks Index - Toddler Scale (SEPTI-TS) yang dikembangkan oleh Coleman (1998), sedangkan konflik peran diukur melalui Wave V Role Conflict Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Markle (1998). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 142 ibu bekerja dari toddler yang bekerja minimal selama 40 jam per minggunya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara parenting self-efficacy dan konflik peran (r= -0.390, n=142, p< 0.01, two tail). Artinya, semakin tinggi parenting self-efficacy ibu, semakin rendah konflik peran yang dialami, begitupun sebaliknya.

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This study examined the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and role conflict among working mothers of toddler. Parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy Parenting for Tasks Index - Toddler Scale (SEPTI-TS) developed by Coleman (1998), whereas role conflict was measured by Wave V Role Conflict Scale developed by Markle (1998). The participants of this study were 142 working mothers of toddler who work at leat 40 hours per week.

The result of this study shows that there is a significant, negative relationship, between parenting self-efficacy and role conflict (r= -0.390, n=142, p< 0.01, two tail). It indicates that the higher mothers’ parenting self-efficacy, the lower their role conflict, and vice versa."

"Pengasuhan yang dilakukan oleh orangtua terhadap anak memiliki hubungan dengan pengalaman keterlibatan orangtua di masa lalu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan orangtua (ayah dan ibu) yaitu instrumental, ekspresif, dan mentoring/advising terhadap parenting self-efficacy pada orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya. Persepsi keterlibatan orangtua merupakan sejauh mana orangtua menunjukkan perilaku yang menandakan bahwa mereka ikut berpartisipasi dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan anak. Parenting self-efficacy merupakan persepsi dalam memandang kemampuannya yang dapat memengaruhi perilaku dan perkembangan anak secara positif. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran persepsi keterlibatan orangtua menggunakan alat ukur Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) dan Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), sedangkan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 302 orangtua dengan anak usia kanak-kanak madya dan berada di rentang usia 25-45 tahun yang diperoleh dengan teknik convenience sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan ayah yang signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 3,959, p<0,01. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara ketiga dimensi persepsi keterlibatan ibu yang signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 2,858, p<0,05. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini yaitu diharapkan orangtua meningkatkan keterlibatannya dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan anak dan memberikan pengasuhan yang positif bagi anak-anak mereka.

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Parenting correlates with how ones parent involve in childhood experience. This research was conducted to determine the influence of the three dimensions of perceived parental involvement (father and mother) that is instrumental, expressive, and mentoring/advising on parenting self-efficacy among parents with middle childhood children. Perceived parental involvement refers to the extent to which parents participate in various aspects of their children?s lives. Parenting self-efficacy is parents perceptions of their ability to positively influence the behavior and development of their children. Perceived parental involvement was measured by Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) and Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), parenting self-efficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI) (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Participants in this study were 302 parents aged 25-45 years with middle childhood children are obtained through convenience sampling technique. This research used quantitive method. The results showed that there was a significant influence of three dimensions of perceived father involvement on parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 3,959, p<0,01, also there was a significant influences of three dimensions of perceived mother involvement on parenting self-efficacy F(3,298)= 2,858, p<0,05. The implication of this research is parent are expected to increase their involvement in various aspects of their children's lives and provide positive parenting to their children.

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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara parenting stress dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita taraf ringan dan sedang usia kanak-kanak madya. Pengukuran parenting stress menggunakan adaptasi alat ukur Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995) dan pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 47 ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara parenting stress dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita ringan dan sedang usia kanak-kanak madya (r = - 0.634, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01). Artinya, semakin tinggi parenting stress yang dialami ibu, maka semakin rendah parenting self-efficacy yang dimiliki ibu. Selain itu, hasil tambahan penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada parenting stress dan parenting self-efficacy pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan tunagrahita taraf ringan dan sedang.

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This research was conducted to find the correlation between parenting stress and parenting self efficacy among mothers of middle childhood with mild and moderate intellectual disability. Parenting stress was measured using an adaptation instrument named Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995) and parenting self efficacy was measured using an adaptation instrument named Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). The participants of this research are 47 mothers who have middle childhood with intellectual disability.

The main results of this research show that parenting stress negatively correlated significantly with parenting self efficacy (r = - 0.634, p = 0.000, signifikan pada L.o.S 0.01). That is, the higher mother‟s parenting stress, the lower parenting self efficacy. In addition, the additional results of this research have found that there is a significant difference in parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy among mothers of children with mild and moderate intellectual disability."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dan work-family conflict pada ibu dari toddler yang bekerja sebagai perawat. Pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy Parenting for Tasks Index ? Toddler Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Coleman (1998), sedangkan work-family conflict diukur melalui Work Family Conflict Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Carlson, dkk (2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 51 ibu dari anak yang berada pada tahap toddler dan bekerja sebagai perawat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara parenting self-efficacy dan work-family conflict (r=-0.512, n=51, p< 0.01, two-tail). Hal tersebut berarti bahwa semakin tinggi parenting selfefficacy pada ibu dari toddler, maka semakin rendah work-family conflict yang dialami ibu; begitu pula sebaliknya.

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This study examined the correlation between parenting self-efficacy and workfamily conflict among mothers of toddler who work as nurses. Parenting selfefficacy was measured by Self-Efficacy Parenting for Tasks Index ? Toddler Scale developed by Coleman (1998), whereas work-family conflict was measured by Work Family Conflict Scale developed by Carlson et al (2000). The participants of this study was 51 mothers of toddler and work as nurses.

The result of this study showed that there is a significant, negative correlation, between parenting self-efficacy and wprk-family conflict (r=-0.512, n=51, p< 0.01, twotail). That is, the higher mother?s parenting self-efficacy, lower work-family conflict; and vice versa."

"Regulasi diri merupakan keterampilan yang penting untuk dimiliki oleh anak usia prasekolah. Walaupun sejumlah penelitian membuktikan bahwa regulasi diri anak dapat diprediksi oleh parenting self-efficacy melalui peran mediasi oleh faktor-faktor yang melekat pada orang tua, namun apakah hubungan keduanya diperantarai oleh faktor-faktor yang dimiliki anak masih belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran salah satu faktor kognitif anak, yaitu executive function, sebagai mediator hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dan regulasi diri anak. Sebanyak 441 orangtua yang memiliki anak usia 48 hingga 72 bulan tanpa riwayat masalah perkembangan maupun psikologis mengikuti penelitian ini. Adapun alat ukur yang digunakan, yaitu Me as a Parent (MaaP) untuk mengukur parenting self-efficacy, Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) untuk mengukur masalah executive function anak yang dipersepsikan orangtua, dan Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) untuk mengukur regulasi diri anak yang juga dipersepsikan oleh orangtua. Analisis PROCESS Hayes menunjukkan hasil bahwa executive function anak secara partial memediasi hubungan antara parenting self-efficacy dan regulasi diri anak usia 48 hingga 72 bulan. Hasil penelitian ini mengimplikasikan bahwa upaya untuk meningkatkan parenting self-efficacy dan executive function anak penting untuk dilakukan agar regulasi diri anak dapat berkembang secara optimal.

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Self-regulation is an important skill for preschoolers to have. Although a number of studies have proven that children's self-regulation can be predicted by parenting self-efficacy through the mediation role of factors attached to parents, whether the relationship between the two is mediated by factors owned by children is still unknown. This study aims to look at the role of one of the children's cognitive factors, namely executive function, as a mediator of the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and children's self-regulation. A total of 441 parents of children aged 48 to 72 months without a history of developmental or psychological problems participated in this study. The measurement tools used are Me as a Parent (MaaP) to measure parenting self-efficacy, the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) to measure children's executive function problems perceived by parents, and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) to measure self-regulation. children who are also perceived by parents. Hayes' PROCESS analysis showed that children's executive function partially mediates the relationship between parenting self-efficacy and self-regulation in children aged 48 to 72 months. The results of this study imply that efforts to increase parenting self-efficacy and executive function of children are important so that children's self-regulation can develop optimally."