Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"[ABSTRAKPersepsi Ketidakcukupan ASI (PKA) adalah pikiran atau perasaan ibu terhadap kondisi ketiadaan atau berkurangnya produksi ASI sehingga ibu merasa bahwa ASI-nya tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bayinya. PKA menjadi alasan utama ibu berhenti menyusui secara dini dan alasan untuk memberikan makanan tambahan lebih awal pada bayinya. Prevalensi PKA belum diketahui secara pasti, diperkirakan antara 30-80% dari ibu yang menyusui mempunyai PKA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan faktor ?faktor yang berhubungan dengan PKA pada ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sewon Yogyakarta. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 71 sampel ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-6 bulan yang gagal menyusui secara eksklusif dikarenakan mengalami PKA. Hasil analisis didapatkan sebanyak 59 (83,1%) ibu memiliki PKA dengan ASI yang cukup. Ada hubungan yang bermakna konseling ASI saat Antenatal Care (ANC) dengan PKA yang mempunyai ASI cukup, ibu yang tidak mendapatkan konseling saat ANC berpeluang 19,7 kali mempunyai PKA, p=0,012; OR=19,746 (CI 95% 1,926-202,456). Konseling ASI pada saat ANC yang berkualitas merupakan hal yang sangat penting dilaksanakan oleh petugas kesehatan untuk persiapan menyusui. Pemanfaatan ?Temu wicara? dalam konsep 10 T dalam ANC perlu diefektifkan untuk membahas persiapan laktasi.

---

ABSTRACTInsufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about the condition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milk is not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stop breastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers has PKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples of mothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencing PKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456). Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation for breastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of ?Gathering of speech? in the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation.;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation;Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies? 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation, Insufficient perception ASI (PKA) is the mother's thoughts or feelings about thecondition of the absence or reduction in milk production. She felt that her breast milkis not enough to satisfy the needs of the baby. PKA was the main reason mothers stopbreastfeeding early and a reason to give extra food early on the baby. Prevalence of PKA is not certain, it is estimated between 30-80% of breastfeeding mothers hasPKA. This study aims to prove the factors related to PKA in mothers whom had infants aged 0-6 months in Sewon Health Centre Yogyakarta. Design of this study using cross sectional. The numbers of samples in this study were 71 samples ofmothers with babies’ 0-6 months exclusive breastfeeding failure due to experiencingPKA. Found as many as 59 (83.1%) mothers had PKA with enough milk. There is a significant relationship counseling milk during Antenatal Care (ANC) by PKA that have enough milk, mothers who did not receive counseling when the ANC likely to have 19.7 times PKA, p = 0.012; OR = 19.746 (95% CI 1.926 to 202.456).Breastfeeding counseling during ANC quality do health personnel in preparation forbreastfeeding implement a very important thing. Utilization of Gathering of speechin the concept of 10 T in the ANC should be effected to discuss preparation for lactation]"

"Pendahuluan: Stunting merupakan masalah gagal tumbuh ditandai dengan tinggi badan tidak sesuai dengan usianya dan dapat diidentifikasi mulai dari usia dua tahun. Usia bayi 0-6 bulan merupakan usia yang tepat dalam pencegahan stunting dari faktor risiko diantaranya yaitu pola asuh orangtua, depresi ibu, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan faktor risiko stunting pada bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelatif dengan teknik quota sampling yang dilakukan secara daring. Jumlah responden sebanyak 102 ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Indonesia. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner yaitu pola a suh orangtua, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI), dan Paket Pemberian "SUKSES ASI". Hasil: Pola asuh orangtua sebagian besar termasuk dalam jenis demokratis yakni sebanyak 80,4%. Depresi perinatal yang dialami yakni sebanyak 44,1% dan yang tidak mengalami depresi sebanyak 55,9%. Depresi postpartum pada kategori tidak depresi sebanyak 82,4%, depresi ringan 16,7%, dan depresi sedang 1%. Pemberian ASI eksklusif sebagian besar masuk dalam kategori lancar yakni sebesar 93,1% berdasakan indikator bayi dan sebesar 87,3% berdasarkan indikator ibu. Karakteristik ibu yakni kadar hemoglobin memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan depresi perinatal dan depresi postpartum dan pekerjaan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan depresi postpartum. Depresi perinatal dan postpartum memiliki hubungan  yang bermakna dengan pola asuh orangtua dan pemberian ASI eksklusif berdasarkan indikator bayi dan ibu. Rekomendasi: Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar mengembangkan program pencegahan kejadian stunting berdasarkan faktor risiko pada bayi yaitu pola asuh orangtua, depresi ibu, dan pemberian ASI eksklusif.

---

Introduction: Stunting is a growth failure problem characterized by height that is not suitable for age and can be identified starting from the age of two. Infant 0-6 months is the right age in preventing stunting from risk factors including parenting, maternal depression, and exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to determine the factors associated with risk factors for stunting in infants aged 0-6 months.Methods: The research design used descriptive correlative with a quota sampling technique which was conducted online. The number of respondents was 102 mothers who had babies aged 0-6 months in Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire, namely the pattern of parental temperature, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI), and the "SUCCESS ASI" package.Results: Most of the parenting styles were democratic, namely 80.4%. Perinatal depression experienced by 44.1% and those who did not experience depression as much as 55.9%. Postpartum depression in the non-depressed category was 82.4%, mild depression was 16.7%, and moderate depression was 1%. Most of the exclusive breastfeeding was in the smooth category, namely 93.1% based on infant indicators and 87.3% based on maternal indicators. Maternal characteristics, namely hemoglobin levels have a significant relationship with perinatal depression and postpartum depression and work has a significant relationship with postpartum depression. Perinatal and postpartum depression have a significant relationship with parenting styles and exclusive breastfeeding based on indicators of infants and mothers. Recommendation: The results of this study are expected to be the basis for developing a stunting prevention program based on risk factors in infants, namely parenting, maternal depression, and exclusive breastfeeding."

"Pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara baik dan benar merupakan bentuk upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia, terutama pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif yaitu pemberian hanya Air Susu Ibu saja tanpa makanan dan minuman pendamping hingga bayi berusia 4 bulan, dalam hal ini termasuk pemberian kolostrum. Namun angka pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif ini masih rendah, serta adanya penurunan dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu ini. Dan hal tersebut di atas untuk mendapatkan gambaran bagaimana perilaku ibu dalam Air Susu Ibu dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan Perilaku Pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif, maka dilakukan penelitian di Kelurahan Depok, Kecamatan Pancoran Mas. Jenis penelitian ini tergolong jenis penelitian survey dengan menggunakan quistioner sebagai alat pengumpul data, populasi dan sampel adalah ibu-ibu menyusui yang mempunyai bayi berusia 4-6 bulan yang terdaftar sebagai warga di Kelurahan Depok, dan penentuan sampelnya dilakukan secara total sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua responden masih memberikan Air Susu Ibu pada bayinya secara eksklusif sehanyak 75,6%, namun masih ada yang memberikan secara non eksklusif 24,4%, hubungan antar dua variabel yang menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna adalah keyakinan ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, sikap ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, Dukungan Petugas Kesehatan dalam Pemberian Air Susu Ibu, Dorongan keluarga ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, Status pekerjaan ibu dalam hubungannya dengan pemberian Air Susu Ibu. Beberapa variabel walaupun tidak bermakna namun menunjukkan pola hubungan yang jelas yaitu pada ibu yang berada pada usia <35 tahun mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu dan masih ada yang non eksklusif, sedangkan yang usia > 35 tahun ada yang mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dan juga non eksklusif dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu. Demikian juga variabel tingkat pendidikan, ibu yang mempunyai pendidikan tinggi ada yang mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dan non eksklusif dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu dan yang berpendidikan rendah demikian juga halnya. Dan mengenai status ekonomi dalam hal ini mengenai pendapatan keluarga dalam satu bulannya, yang berpendapatan tinggi, sedang dan rendah masing-masing ada yang mempunyai perilaku eksklusif dan non eksklusif dalam pemherian Air Susu Ibu pada bayinya. Dan dari hubungan Multi variabel menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang dominan yang benar-benar sigrufikan adalah variabel keyakinan ibu dalam pemberian Air Susu Ibu, dari hasil persamaan regresi yang didapat ternyata mampu menjelaskan 75,63% terhadap populasi. Dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan, perlu lebih ditingkatkan penyuluhan dan pengembangan materi penyuluhan bagi ibu hamil dan menyusui tentang perilaku pemberian Air Susu ibu yang baik. Bagi Puskesmas dan kader-kader Posyandu yang tidak harus dilakukan di Posyandu saja tetapi lebih luas lagi jangkauannya ke masyarakat, serta bagi penentu kebijakan perlu diberlakukan rawat gabung di tempat tempat bersalin. Dan bagi peneliti lebih lanjut, perlu adanya penelitian selanjutnya mengenai pengaruh program yang dilakukan Puskesmas tentang pemberian Air Susu Ibu secara Eksklusif dengan melihat lama, tempat tinggal, pengaruh suku dan lainnya sesuai dengan perkembangan penelitian.

---

Feeding Air Susu Ibu (ASI) in a proper way a very mean to increase the human resources specially when it is presented in Exclusive method, that the only ASI and colostrums are given without any supplementary foods or beverages until the baby get its age of 4 month. Unfortunately such method is still rarely applied, show up in low number, even decreased. Those circumstance drives a research at Kelurahan Depok, Kecamatan Pancoran Mas, to figure of mother behaviors with ASI and any related factors to that Exclusive behavior.The research was a questioner based survey to absorb much datas, populations and samples of baby at Kelurahan Depok. The sample determination is a total sampling.

Results proven all the respondents feed ASI Exclusively 75,6% to babies, while 24,4% un Exclusive significant result are Convictions of ASI feeding, Mother's Attitude, Health Ulcers Supports, Mother's Family Supports, and the Work Position of Mothers. Though still it present couple of unsignificant variables, however, it indicates a clear - relationship pattern with is happened to less than 15 - years aged. Either does this is happened to those aged more than 35 - years.

High-level educational variable has an influence to Exclusive and un-Exclusive behaviors ASI feeding, either does the-level one. Economically it happens to all mothers that has high, medium, or low priced income per month. Relationship of multi-variables indicate that the most-significant one is Mother Convictions to ASI feeding. Regressional equation show it by 75,63% of population.

Based on research itself, it is recommended to share knowlegment to pregnant mother and to those feeding, of about how to give ASI in proper ways. To Puskesmas and youths of Posyandu it is recommended share widely in community. And to the discretioners are necessarily have to enable common-cares of patient in confined places. Evantually, researches quiet necessary to take some next seeking about the influence of Puskesmas program of ASI feeding. It is should have done by looking upwards the time it took, the place it got surrounded tribal-impact analysis. and other factors according to future research propagation."

"ASI atau air susu ibu secara alamiah merupakan makanan terbaik bagi bayi oleh karena kandungan dalam ASI banyak mengandung gizi yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi. Perilaku untuk memberikan ASI secara eksklusif masih sangat rendah di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang dipublikasikan oleh Departemen Kesehatan tahun 2005, sebanyak 39,5% ibu memberikan ASI sccara eksklusifi Khususnya untuk propinsi Lampung scbanyak 34,5% ibu membcrikan ASI secara eksklusif terhadap bayinya (Dinas Kesehatan propinsi Lampung, 2006). Sementara itu berdasarkan data yang dipublikasikan oleh laporan bulanan ke-3 Dinas Kesehatan Kota Metro pada tahun 2006 unluk Kota Metro sebanyak 58,8% ibu memberikan ASI secara eksklusif dan untuk Kecamatan Metro Timur sebunyak 47,3%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang bcrhubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif oleh ibu-ibu bayi yang berumur 6-12 bulan di Kecarnatan Metro Timur. Pcnelitian ini dilakukan selama dua minggu pada bulan Mei 2007. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 127 ibu yang menyusui bayi yang berumur 6-12 bulan. Penelitian im menggunakan metode "Cross sectional", data terbagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu data primer berasal dari hasil wawancara, sementara data sekunder berasal dari laporan yang dipublikasikan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Metro. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Wawancara dilakukan oleh mahasiswa Kebidanan, dan selanjutnya data dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat (chi square) dan multivariat (regresi logislik) dengan sepenuhnya menggunakan program SPSS. Langkah-langkah penelitian, pertama dilakukan studi pendahuluan dengan pengamatan dan dialog pada lima orang ibu yang menyusui bayi yang berumur 6- I2 bulan untuk mengetahui pemahaman tentang ASI cksklusif dan untuk mcmperbaiki kucsioner yang tidak valid dan tidak realiabel dcngan cara mengajukan pertanyaan pada 30 orang ibu-ibu yang menyusui. Dari 39 pcrtanyaan diperoleh satu pertanyaan pada variabel pengetahuan tidak valid dan tidak reliabel kemudian penanyaan tersebut didrop, lalu dilakukan penambahan satu pcrtanyaan pada variabel sikap, dari hasil uji yang kcdua temyata seluruh variabcl yang diuji coba scmua adalah valif’ dan reliabel sehingga dijadikan alat kuesioner untuk penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ibu yang memiliki bayi 6-12 bulan hanya 25,2% yang memberikan ASI secara eksklusif. Dan dari hasil analisis bivarial menunjukkan bahwa umur, pcndidikan, pekerjaan, sikap, kepcrcayaan, pcrsepsi, budaya, tempat persalinanf penolong persalinan tidak mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap perilaku pemberian ASI secara eksklusifi Selanjutnya dengan menggnmakan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan pemberian ASI cksklusif adalah penyuluhan yang dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan, analisis menunjukkan bahwa OR 5,664 (Cl 95% = 1,586-20,23l) dan dukungan dari maeyarakat OR 1,119(CI 95% = 1,121-8,360). Saran, pertama bahwa tenaga kesehatan agar dapat meningkatkan kuantitas pcnyuluhan clan dapat meningkatkan kerjasama dengan tokoh masyarakal yang ada di wilayah kecamatan Metro dalam menggalakan program ASI eksklusif. Kedua agar Dinas Kesehatan meningkatkan pelatihan tenaga keschatan dan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan program ASI eksklusif di masyarakat. Ketiga perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dengau desain kohort dan pengamatan untuk mempelajari perilaku pcmbcrian ASI eksklusif dengan tingkal vulidilas yang tinggi.

---

Breast milk is nature’s best food or drink for the baby because of its highly nutrient and is very beneficial for growth and development of the infant. In Indonesia prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is still very low. Based on data of the Minister of Health (2005), only 39.5% of the mothers practicing exclusive breastfeeding, for Lampung Province this figure was 34.5% (Provincial l-lealth Office of Lantpung, 2006). Based onthe existing data which was published in the third monthly report of the Metro City Health Office (2006), there was 58.8% of the mothers who practiced exclusive breastfeeding in .he City of Metro and 47.3% in sub~district Metro Timur.

The objective of this study was to identity factors related to exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with 6-12 months old infants in sub-district Metro Timur. Data collection was conducted for 2 weeks during May, 2007.

The design of this study was cross-sectional survey. The sample was withdrawn using simple random sampling technique so there were 107 mothers whose babies were 6-12 months old. Primary data was collected using interview with standardized questionnaire.

As preparation for the study, observation and interview were made of the five mothers whose breastfed their 6-12 months old newboms. The purpose was to identify the knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding and assessment was made to identity both valid and invalid items of questionnaire among 30 mothers who were breastfeeding. Revision was made on the questionnaire. In addition, for secondary data the report fiom the Dinas Kcscltatun was used to compliment thc data collection. Interviews were performed by students of midwifery school who were provided special training prior to data collection. In addition, the data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and logistic regression using SPSS program.

The results showed that the prevalence of practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers with 6-12 months old babies was 25.2%. From the bivariate analysis it was indicated that age, education, occupation, attitude, beliefs, perception, and socio-culture relevant to exclusive breastfeeding did not have signiiicant relationship with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. In addition, both place and attendance of delivery also did not have a significant relationship with the respondents’ practice ol` exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, results of logistic regression analysis showed that dominant factors related to practice of exclusive l:reastfeedir.g very much depended on health education by the health personnel (OR=5,664, Cl or confidence interval 95%=l,586-20,23l) and support provided by the community was also significant (OR=I .l 19, Cl 95% = 1,121 up to 8,350).

Based on the results ofthe study, it was strongly recommended to the Chief Sub- district City of Metro to increase the quantity and quality of health education to the community in sub-district Metro in relation to promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, Dinas Kesehatan was also encouragcc’ to promote the training for health personnel and supervision and monitoring to the exclusive lmrcastfccding program in the community. Recommendation is also made for further research in relation to exclusive breastfeeding using the cohort design and with observation tbr studying the practice exclusive breastfeeding for securing high validity of data on the practice of the subject of the study."

"Pemberian ASI (Air Susu Ibu) salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan sumber daya manusia. Air Susu Ibu merupakan nutrisi yang terbaik dan yang terpenting bagi bayi untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal. Pemberian ASI akan membantu pertumbuhan bayi yang adekuat dalam 6 bulan pertama kehidupannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola pemberian ASI dan hubungannya dengan faktor determinan (umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan tenaga kesehatan dan dorongan keluarga) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus Palembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan "Cross Sectional" dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan sebagai respondennya adalah 97 orang ibu-ibu yang mempunyai bayi usia 4 sampai 6 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus Palembang. Pengolahan dan analisa data menggunakan uji univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dengan menggunakan Program SPSS versi 10. Analisa bivariat dengan "Chi-Square" dan analisa multivariat menggunakan analisa Regresi Logistik berganda dengan metoda "Backward". Hasil analisa univariat, yang berhubungan dengan pola pemberian ASI di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus Palembang, yaitu waktu pemberian ASI pertama kali pada saat 112 jam setelah lahir sebesar 12,4 % dan 112 - 24 jam setelah lahir 35,1 %. Frekwensi dalam pemberian ASI sesuka bayi (on demand) 71,1 % dan lama (durasi) dalam pemberian ASI usia bayi sampai 4 - 6 bulan masih diberi ASI 87,6 %, pemberian makanan prelacteal seperti susu formula 41, 2 %, lain-lain 44,4 %. Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukan dari 7 variabel yang dianalisa 4 variabel mempunyai hubungan bermakna dengan pola pemberian ASI yaitu : pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan petugas kesehatan dan dorongan keluarga. Dari hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan variabel yang menjadi kandidat model yaitu pengetahuan, sikap, dukungan petugas kesehatan. Variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap pola pemberian ASI adalah dukungan petugas kesehatan. Hasil uji interaksi untuk memperoleh model akhir persamaan rekresi adalah interaksi antara sikap ibu dengan petugas kesehatan. Dalam rangka peningkatan penggunaan pemakaian ASI di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gandus perlu diupayakan beberapa hal yaitu peningkatan penyuluhan, pemasyarakatan dan penggalakan pemberian ASI. Selain itu perlu adanya pembinaan pengawasan terhadap tenaga kesehatan untuk ikut memasyarakatkan penggunaan ASI.

---

Breast-feeding is one of the main factors in the improvement of qualities of human resources. Mother's milk has been found to be best and most important nutrition for babies to improve their health and to maximize their growth to an optimum development. Breast-feeding is an essential element to boost adequate growth of babies during their first 6 month of life. This study has the purpose to identify and present a clear picture of breast-feeding pattern and its relationship with other determinants (such as age, level of education, occupation status, knowledge, attitude, support from health care providers and encouragement from family) within the catchments area of Puskesmas Gandus. Palembang. The research was carried out using the "Cross Sectional" design with a quantitative approach. The data collection process was accomplished by using questionnaire with 97 respondents consisting of mothers who have babies with the range of 4 to 6 months of age, all in the catchment area of Puskesmas Gandus, Palembang. The processing and analyzing of the collected data was conducted using univariate, bivariate and multivariate methods as suggested in the SPSS Software version 10. The bivariate analysis used "Chi-square" test and the multivariate analysis used to Multiple Logistic Regression analysis with Backward method. The univariate analysis showed that only 12,4% respondents who gave first breast-feeding at half-hour after the babies born. Further, the percentage is increased at 35,1% who gave the first breast-feeding at interval - 24 hours. About 71,1% of respondents gave breast-feeding on demand; and 87,6% of them still breastfed their babies until age of 4-6 months. There are 21,2% who gave prelacteal supplements i.e., bottle milk, and 44,4% gave others supplement, such as honey or watered poridge. The result of bivariate analysis show that 4 of the 7 variables showed significant relationship with the prevailing breast-feeding pattern, i.e.: knowledge, attitude, support cf health care providers and encouragement from family. The logistic regression showed that only one variable and one interaction were related to the breast-feeding pattern. This are level of mother's knowledge and interaction between mother's attitude with support of health care providers. In the context of promoting breast-feeding practice within the catchments area of Puskesmas Gandus, it is necessary to prioritize on several issues including education, socialization and advocacy for breast-feeding. In adition, it is also deemed necessary to exercise supervision over the work of the health care providers so that they may actively participate in the socialization of breast-feeding practices."

"Latar belakang: Serum Albumin merupakan protein plasma yang jumlahnya paling melimpah dalam darah dan berkontribusi dalam mempertahankan tekanan osmotik koloid dan juga mengikat substansi yang sukar larut dalam plasma dan membantunya agar dapat didistribusikan ke dalam tubuh. Protein dalam ASI kebanyakan disintesis oleh mammary epithelium namun serum albumin merupakan protein yang didapat langsung dari sirkulasi darah ibu dan disalurkan melalui blood-milk barrier. Kadar serum albumin yang ditemukan di dalam ASI jumlahnya dapat bervariasi, protein ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti masa menyusu bayi (fase laktasi), usia ibu, paritas, dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan kadar serum albumin pada ASI ibu yang menyusui bayi usia 1-3 bulan dan 4-6 bulan dan mencari hubungannya dengan  usia Ibu, jumlah paritas, dan IMT Ibu.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel ASI yang diperoleh dari 58 ibu dari Puskesmas Petamburan (Jakarta Pusat) dan Puseksmas Cilincing (Jakarta Utara). Sampel dikelompokkan  menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu usia bayi 1-3 dan 4-6 bulan.  Kadar serum albumin diukur dengan kit Bromocresol Green (BCG) menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan Panjang gelombang 628 nm.Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ASI pada periode laktasi yang lebih awal yaitu pada 1-3 bulan memiliki kadar serum albumin yang lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kadar serum albumin ASI pada kelompok usia 4-6 bulan (p=0,002). Kadar serum albumin ASI pada kelompok usia bayi 1-3 bulan tidak memiliki korelasi terhadap usia ibu (p=0,881), dan juga paritas (p=0,428), namun berkorelasi positif kuat bermakna terhadap IMT Ibu (p=000). Kadar serum albumin ASI pada kelompok usia bayi 4-6 bulan tidak memiliki korelasi terhadap usia ibu (p=0,581) dan juga paritas (p=0,823), namun berkorelasi positif kuat bermakna terhadap IMT Ibu (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Kadar serum albumin dalam ASI dipengaruhi oleh usia bayi atau fase laktasi, dimana kadar serum albumin lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada ASI kelompok bayi usia 1-3 bulan dibandingkan dengan ASI kelompok bayi usia 4-6 bulan. Kadar serum albumin berhubungan dengan IMT ibu yaitu kadar serum albumin akan semakin meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya IMT Ibu.

---

Serum albumin is the most abundant plasma protein in the blood and contributes to maintaining osmotic colloid pressure and also binds poorly soluble substances in plasma and helps them to be distributed throughout the body. Protein in breast milk is mostly synthesized by the mammary epithelium, but serum albumin is a protein that is obtained directly from the mother's blood circulation and is channeled through the blood-milk barrier. Serum albumin levels found in breast milk can vary in number, this protein is influenced by various factors such as breastfeeding period (lactation phase), maternal age, parity, and maternal body mass index (BMI). This study aims to determine the comparison of serum albumin levels in breast milk of mothers who breastfeed infants aged 1-3 months and 4-6 months and to find out the relationship with maternal age, parity, and maternal BMI. This study used breast milk samples obtained from 58 mothers from Petamburan Public Health Center (Central Jakarta) and Cilincing Public Health Center (North Jakarta). The samples were grouped into two groups, namely infants aged 1-3 and 4-6 months. Serum albumin levels were measured with the Bromocresol Green (BCG) kit using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 628 nm. The results showed that breast milk in the earlier lactation period at 1-3 months had significantly higher serum albumin levels than breast milk serum albumin levels in the 4-6 month age group (p=0.002). Serum albumin levels in breast milk in infants aged 1-3 months had no correlations on maternal age (p = 0.881), and parity (p = 0.428), but a significant positive correlation with maternal BMI (p = 000) . Serum albumin levels in breast milk in the infant age group 4-6 months had no correlations to maternal age (p=0.581) and parity (p=0.823), but had a significant positive correlation to maternal BMI (p=0.000). Serum albumin levels in breast milk are influenced by the infant's age or lactation phase, where serum albumin levels are significantly higher in the breast milk group of infants aged 1-3 months compared to the breast milk group of infants aged 4-6 months. Serum albumin levels are related to maternal BMI, namely serum albumin levels will increase with increasing maternal BMI."

"Pemberian ASI eksklusif merupakan salah satu bentuk perilaku kesehatan yang ada di masyarakat. ASI eksklusif adalah pemberian ASI saja pada bayi sejak lahir sampai usia 6 bulan tanpa tambahan makanan lainnya. Cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih rendah, termasuk kota Pekanbaru yaitu 17,59%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran ASI eksklusif dan penyebab putusnya ASI eksklusif pada ibu menyusui. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 56 orang, pengambilan sampel dengan cara accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square pada α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian yang didapat lebih dari sebagian (62,5%) ibu tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif dan kurang dari sebagian (37,5%) ibu memberikan ASI eksklusif. Faktor penyebab putusnya ASI eksklusif yaitu kurangnya pengetahuan ibu mengenai ASI eksklusif, masih ada pengaruh tradisi/budaya di lingkungan sekitar, kurangnya peranan sumber infomasi, kurangnya dukungan dari suami/keluarga dan kader. Diharapkan peningkatan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan cara memberikan penyuluhan mengenai ASI eksklusif kepada keluarga, ibu hamil saat ANC, serta meningkatkan peran serta petugas kesehatan (bidan, dokter, perawat) dengan cara memberikan pelatihan mengenai manajemen laktasi.

---

Exclucive breastmilk is one of healthy behaviour in society. Exclusive breastmilk is feeding the baby with only breastmilk since born untill age sixth months without supply any other food. The coverage of exclusive breastmilk in Indonesia is still below, including Pekanbaru wich is 17,59%.

The research purposed is to understanding the representation of exclusive breastmilk and the caused of exclusive breastmilk drop out in nursing mother. The research mothode is quantitative research with cross sectional design. Includes 56 people as sample, the sampling mothode is used by accidental sampling. the collecting data methode used by questionnaire interview. Used Chi-square data analysis on α = 0,05.

The research result obtained more than half (62,5%) nursing mother aren't give exclusive breastmilk and less than a piece (37.5%) nursing mother give exclusive breastmilk. The causing factor of breastmilk drop out is the minimum knowledge about exclusive breastmilk, culture influence on the environtment, leck of role on information sources, lack of support from family/husband and cadres.

The Expectation on improving exclusive breastmilk by providing counseling about exclusive breastmilk to family, expectant mother when ANC, and increasing the participation from the health workers (midwives, doctors, nurses) by providing training on lactation management."

"Latar belakang. Air susu ibu ASI merupakan nutrisi ideal bagi seorang bayi, namunkomposisi ASI bervariasi dan sangat individual. Human milk fortifier HMF direkomendasikan oleh WHO untuk diberikan pada bayi sangat prematur dan/atau bayiberat lahir sangat rendah BBLSR , namun belum terdapat kesepakatan kapan waktumemulainya. Selain itu kelompok ini berisiko mengalami kekurangan atau kelebihan zatbesi akibat pemberian suplementasi besi rutin. Objektif. Mendapatkan profil perubahan kandungan energi makronutrien dan zat besi dariASI bayi sangat prematur dan/atau BBLSR, serta kecukupan kandungan nutrisi dan zat besipada ASI untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang direkomendasikan.Metode. Studi deskriptif analitik dengan desain multiple measurement pada studilongitudinal. Sampel penelitian adalah ASI ibu yang melahirkan bayi sangat prematurdan/atau BBLSR periode bulan Juli-Oktober 2017 di unit perinatologi RSCM. PemeriksaanASI menggunakan MIRIS dilakukan secara serial selama 4 minggu dan pada minggu 4dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar besi ASI menggunakan ICP-MS. Sebanyak 30 ibu yang memiliki data lengkap hingga minggu 4 dilakukan analisis.Hasil. Terdapat penurunan kandungan protein di ASI p=0,0003 disertai peningkatanlemak p=0,0004 dan kalori p=0,0006 setiap minggunya, namun tidak demikian dengankarbohidrat p=0,447 . Kekurangan protein di ASI didapatkan sejak minggu II pascakelahiran walaupun kalori lemak ASI masih mencukupi. Kadar zat besi ASI pada hari 28ditemukan lebih rendah dari nilai rekomendasi ESPGHAN dan AAP-Con ditemukan padapemeriksaan hari ke 28.Kesimpulan. Terdapat perubahan kandungan makronutrien setiap minggunya pada ASIbayi sangat prematur dan/atau BBLSR dan tidak mencukupi kebutuhan yang direkomendasikan. Pemberian HMF dapat dipertimbangkan untuk diberikan sejak minggu IIuntuk mencukupi kebutuhan tumbuh kejar.

---

Background. Mother rsquo s own milk MOM is an ideal nutrition for a baby, but thecomposition is varied and highly individualized. Human milk fortifier HMF is recommended by WHO for very premature infants and or very low birth weight VLBW infants, yet no agreement when to start. In addition, this group is at risk of iron deficiencyor excess due to routine iron supplementation.Objective. To find the changes in macronutrient and iron contents from MOM in verypremature infants and or VLBW infants, as well as the adequacy of nutrients and ironcontents in MOM to conform recommended needs.Method. Analytical descriptive study with multiple measurement design in longitudinalstudy. Subjects were mothers who delivered very premature infants and or VLBW infantsfrom July to October 2017. Breast milk was serialized with MIRIS for 4 weeks and ironcontent was researched with ICP MS at 4th week. The study took place in neonatolgy unitin Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. A total of 30 mothers who had complete data for 4weeks were analyzed.Results. There was a decrease in protein content in breast milk p 0.0003 and increasedfat p 0.0004 and calories p 0.0006 per week, but not in carbohydrates p 0.447 .Although this result is higher than the study of systematic review in Australia in 2016.Protein deficiency in breast milk was found from the first week after birth and iron contentis lower than the value of recommendation of ESPGHAN and AAP Con at 28 dayexamination.Conclusion. Macronutrient content changes each week in breast milk of very prematureand or VLBW infants and not enough from dietary recommendation. Giving HMF may beconsidered at 1st week after birth."

"Pneumonia termasuk Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) yang banyak menyerang pada balita. Insidens pneumonia balita di Indonesia diperkirakan 10%-20% per tahun. Di kabupaten Indramayu, jumlah kasus pneumonia yang dilaporkan puskesmas selama tahun 1997 s/d 2000 menunjukkan adanya peningkatan. Air Susu Ibu (ASI) pada masa bayi merupakan nutrisi yang terbaik dan terpenting untuk mencapai tumbuh kembang yang optimal. Dewasa ini terdapat kecendungan menurunnya pemberian ASI ekslusif, padahal pemberian ASI tersebut akan memberikan perlindungan terhadap berbagai penyakit termasuk infeksi pernafasan dan infeksi usus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian ASI terhadap terjadinya pneumonia pada anak umur 4-24 bulan di kabupaten Indramayu. Pada penelitian ini sebagai variabel independen utama adalah pemberian ASI. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan kasus kontrol tidak berpadanan (unmatched). Sampel kasus sebanyak 167 orang yaitu anak umur 4-24 bulan yang menderita pneumonia yang datang ke puskesmas di kabupaten Indramayu selama periode Juli-Agustus 2001, sedangkan kontrol juga sebanyak 167 orang yaitu anak umur 4-24 bulan yang merupakan tetangga kasus dan tidak menderita pneumonia, sehingga total sampel sebanyak 334 orang. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis bivariat dan multivariat yakni multiple regression logistic dengan bantuan software statistik STATA versi 6.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa bayi yang diberi ASI tidak eksklusif mempunyai risiko terjadinya pneumonia pada umur 4-24 bulan sebesar 4,89 kali (95% CI 2,86 - 8,36) dibandingkan dengan bayi yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif. Hubungan pemberian ASI terhadap terjadinya pneumonia tersebut sudah dilakukan pengendalian variabel independen lainnya. Disamping itu ada variabel lain yakni adanya perokok, adanya asap pembakaran, riwayat imunisasi campak dan jenis kelamin anak yang secara bermakna terdapat hubungan dengan terjadinya pneumonia pada anak umur 4-24 bulan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan adanya hubungan yang cukup kuat antara pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif terhadap terjadinya pneumonia pada anak umur 4-24 bulan. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan Gerakan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif melalui pendidikan kesehatan dan promosi kesehatan bagi ibu-ibu balita rentang pentingnya pemberian ASI eksklusif dalam mencegah terjadinya pneumonia balita.

---

Pneumonia is one the Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) which attacked to infant. The incident of infant pneumonia in Indonesia estimated 10-20% each year. In Indramayu district, the number of pneumonia cases that reported by Health Center during the year of 1997-2000 showed there was increasing. Breast-feeding on childhood is the best nutrition and important to achieve the optimal development of infant. Nowadays, there is tendency of the decreasing in giving exclusively breast-feeding; even it will give the protection to varieties of diseases, including lung and intestine infections.

The objective of this study was to identify the relationship of breast-feeding to pneumonia at infant age 4-24 months in Indramayu District. In this study, as Main dependent variable was the breast-feeding. The design.of this study using unmatched. The number of samples were 167 people, they were infants age 4-24 months whose suffering pneumonia that came to Health Center in Indramayu District during the period of July - August 2001. While the control were 167 infants age 4 - 24 months whose the neighbor of cases and *as not suffering pneumonia, so the total of samples were 334 people. The data management used for analysis were bivariate and multivariate, those were multiple regression logistic with supported software statistic STATA version 6.0.

The result of the study showed that the infant who gave the breast-feeding not exclusively had the risk to pneumonia 4,89 times (95% CI 2,86 - 8,36) at the of 4 - 24 months compared to infant whose gave the breast-feeding exclusively The relationship of breast-feeding to such pneumonia has been conducted to control the another independent variable_ Besides that, there were other variables, they - were: smoking, smoke of fire, history of measles immunization and the sex of infant that significantly had the relationship to pneumonia at infant age 4 - 24 months.

The conclusion of this study, there was relationship significantly between breast-feeding not exclusively to pneumonia at infant age 4 - 24 months. So that, it is needed to do the Breast-feeding Movement Exclusively through Health Education and Promotion to infants mothers on the important of breast-feeding in pre-venting to infant pneumonia."

"Suami berperan penting membangun motivasi ibu untuk menyusui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan suami tentang pemberian air susu ibu (ASI) terhadap motivasi ibu dalam menyusui. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu cross sectional dengan pendekatan analitik komparatif kategorikal tidak berpasangan dan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling terhadap 68 orangtua dari bayi yang sedang menyusu berusia 7-12 bulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan suami tentang pemberian ASI terhadap motivasi ibu dalam menyusui dengan pvalue=0,230 yang menggunakan uji Chi-square (α=0,05).Saran penelitian selanjutnya adalah mengidentifikasi hubungan tingkat pengetahuan suami tentang pemberian ASI terhadap dukungan kepada istrinya pada masa menyusui.

---

Father have role to increase mother?s motivation to breastfeed. The objective of this research is to find the relation of fathers? knowledge level about giving breast milk to maternal motivation of breastfeeding. This research was conducted using cross sectional design with approach analytical comparative categorical nonpaired and using purposive sampling technique to 68 parents of baby who suckling and aged 7-12 months.

The result shows that no significant relation between fathers? knowledge level about giving breast milk to maternal motivation of breastfeeding with p=value=0,230 using Chi-square test (α=0,05).

Recommendation for next research is identifying relation of fathers? knowledge level about giving breast milk toward support to his wife breastfeeding."