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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana probabilitas perempuan dalam menentukan preferensi antara bekerja dan menikah yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya dengan menggunakan data dari Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2012. Keputusan partisipasi kerja pada seorang perempuan sangat berkaitan erat dengan keputusannya dalam status perkawinan. Status perkawinan perempuan telah diketahui akan mempengaruhi keputusan perempuan dalam berpartisipasi di pasar kerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah model sequential probit, dimana masing-masing keputusan dilakukan secara berurutan menurut model probit biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan perbandingan karakteristik daerah tempat tinggal dan tingkat pendidikan, di dapatkan bahwa probabilitas terbesar seorang perempuan dalam menentukan pekerjaan dan perkawinanya adalah probabilitas perempuan bekerja dan menikah dengan pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi dan tinggal di daerah perkotaan yaitu sebesar 65.39 persen. Sedangkan probabilitas terkecil adalah probabilitas perempuan yang tidak bekerja dan tidak menikah yang tinggal didaerah perkotaan dengan pendidikan SD yaitu sebesar 0.004 persen.;

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine how the probability of women in determining her preferences between work and married and the factors that influence it, using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) in 2012. Decisions on a female labor forcr participation is closely related to the decision in marital status. Marital status would influence a woman's decision to participate in the labor market. The method used is sequential probit models, where each decision made in sequence according to a binary probit model. The results showed that by comparison the characteristic of the residence and level of education, found that the greatest probability is the probability of working and married women with education Universities and live in urban areas in the amount of 65.39 percent. While the smallest probability is the probability of women who do not work and are not married who live in urban areas with primary education that is equal to 0.004 percent.;This study aims to determine how the probability of women in determining her preferences between work and married and the factors that influence it, using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) in 2012. Decisions on a female labor forcr participation is closely related to the decision in marital status. Marital status would influence a woman's decision to participate in the labor market. The method used is sequential probit models, where each decision made in sequence according to a binary probit model. The results showed that by comparison the characteristic of the residence and level of education, found that the greatest probability is the probability of working and married women with education Universities and live in urban areas in the amount of 65.39 percent. While the smallest probability is the probability of women who do not work and are not married who live in urban areas with primary education that is equal to 0.004 percent., This study aims to determine how the probability of women in determining her preferences between work and married and the factors that influence it, using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) in 2012. Decisions on a female labor forcr participation is closely related to the decision in marital status. Marital status would influence a woman's decision to participate in the labor market. The method used is sequential probit models, where each decision made in sequence according to a binary probit model. The results showed that by comparison the characteristic of the residence and level of education, found that the greatest probability is the probability of working and married women with education Universities and live in urban areas in the amount of 65.39 percent. While the smallest probability is the probability of women who do not work and are not married who live in urban areas with primary education that is equal to 0.004 percent.]"

"Kepala rumah tangga perempuan seringkali dianggap sebagai kelompok yang rentan terhadap kemiskinan. Beberapa literatur menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bias dalam pernyataan ini, dan perlu dilakukan pemisahan subkelompok untuk melihat tantangan yang dialami tiap jenis kepala rumah tangga perempuan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pola dan perbedaan partisipasi kerja kepala rumah tangga perempuan di Indonesia dan pengaruh status perkawinan kepala rumah tangga perempuan (de facto dan de jure) di Indonesia terhadap partisipasi kerja mereka setelah dikontrol terhadap pengaruh faktor sosial ekonomi tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) Maret 2018. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data tersebut adalah analisis regresi logistik multinomial. Analisis dilakukan terhadap kepala rumah tangga perempuan usia produktif (15-64 tahun). Ditemukan bahwa kepala rumah tangga perempuan yang berstatus kawin (de facto) lebih cenderung menghabiskan waktunya pada pekerjaan berbayar dan tidak berbayar (mengurus rumah tangga) dibandingkan kepala rumah tangga perempuan yang tidak berstatus kawin (de jure). Temuan penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi bagi pemangku kepentingan terkait dalam menentukan intervensi kebijakan terhadap berbagai subkelompok kepala rumah tangga perempuan di Indonesia.

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Female household heads are often seen as a vulnerable group to poverty. Some literature suggests bias in this statement, and it is necessary to disaggregate the subgroups to see the challenges faced by each type of female household head. Therefore, this study aims to explain the patterns and differences in the work participation of female household heads in Indonesia and the effect of the marital status of female household heads (de facto and de jure) in Indonesia on their work participation after controlling for the effects of socio-economic factors. This study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data from the March 2018 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas). The method used to analyze this data is the multinomial logistic regression. The analysis is conducted on female household heads in their productive age (15-64 years old). It is found that female household heads who are married (de facto) are more likely to spend their time in paid and unpaid work (domestic work) than female household heads who are not married (de jure). This study’s findings can be used as recommendations for relevant stakeholders in determining policy interventions for various subgroups of female household heads in Indonesia"

"Gap Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) laki-laki dan perempuan cenderung stagnan dalam 3 dekade terakhir, berbeda dengan kondisi banyak negara lain yang semakin mengecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh pembangunan ekonomi terhadap partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 1986- 2018. Berbeda dengan penelitian yang ada di Indonesia sebelumnya yang banyak melihat kondisi mikro yang mempengaruhi perempuan untuk masuk dalam angkatan kerja, penelitian ini melihat kondisi makro yang terjadi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode balanced panel data. Penelitian dilakukan di 26 provinsi yang sudah ada di Indonesia sejak tahun 1986.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembangunan ekonomi berpengaruh pada TPAK perempuan dengan membentuk pola U. Partisipasi perempuan tinggi saat Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) per kapita sangat rendah, selanjutnya peningkatan share lapangan usaha primer dalam PDRB akan menurunkan partisipasi perempuan, namun saat share lapangan usaha sekunder dan tersier meningkat perempuan akan kembali masuk dalam pasar kerja meskipun hasilnya tidak signifikan. Kondisi tersubut disebabkan banyak provinsi di Indonesia langsung langsung berpindah ke lapangan usaha tersier dari lapangan usaha primer. Peningkatan penduduk perkotaan akan menurunkan partisipasi angkatan kerja perempuan. Sedangkan meningkatnya TFR, persentase perempuan berpendidikan tinggi, dan rata-rata upah mendorong perempuan untuk masuk dalam angkatan kerja.

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Gender gap between female and male labor force participation rate tend to stagnant in the past three decades, contrary to many other countries which just narrowed the gap. This study attempts to identify the effects of economic development to female labor force participation in 1986-2018 in Indonesia. Vice versa to other previous research in Indonesia that use micro analysis to find condition that affects female join the labor force, this study use macro conditions by using balanced panel data method. The research focus in 26 provinces have existed in indonesia since 1986.The results show economic development has significant effect on female labor force participation and form a UShaped pattern. Female labor force participation is high when the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) is low. Increasing share of primary sector in the GRDP will decrease female participation, but when the share of secondary and tertiary sector are advance, women will re-enter the labor market, though it is insignificant. It could be caused by directly moved from primary to tertiary sector in many provinces. An increase of urban dwellers will reduce female LFPR. While increase in Total Fertility Rate (TFR), percentage of female with high educated and wage rate encourage female into the labor force."

"Dengan menggunakan data dari IFLS 4 dan IFLS 5 dengan sampel Indonesia, penelitian ini mencoba untuk melihat hubungan antara transisi status pernikahan dan konservatisme terhadap pekerjaan perempuan di Indonesia, dan bagaimana hubungan tersebut bervariasi di berbagai sektor. Regresi multinomial logit mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh negatif dari transisi status pernikhan menjadi “menikah” bagi perempuan di sektor informal. Di antara konservatisme, konservatisme relijius meningkatkan kemungkinan perempuan untuk melakukan pekerjaan informal, dan menurunkan kemungkinan untuk bekerja di sektor formal. Tidak hanya itu, konservatisme pasangan juga secara signifikan menurunkan kemungkinan perempuan untuk bekerja di sektor formal.

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Using data from IFLS 4 and IFLS 5 with Indonesia as the sample, this research attempts to examine the association between marital status transition and conservatism toward women’s employment in Indonesia, and how the association varies across different sectors. A multinomial logit regression reveals that there is a negative effect of marital gain for women in the informal sector. Among conservatism, religious conservatism did increase women’s informal work and decrease women’s employment in the formal sector. Not only that, but a spouse’s conservatism also significantly decreases the probability of women working in the formal sector."

"Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh status pencari nafkah dalam keluarga tunggal atau ganda dan tipe pasangan traditional, independent, separated, dan mixed terhadap kepuasan pernikahan pasangan yang tinggal serumah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 224 individu. Pada penelitian ini, ditemukan adanya pengaruh utama yang signifikan antara tipe pasangan dan kepuasan pernikahan F 1,3 = 10,425; nilai p < 0,05; ? 2=0,117 . Sedangkan, untuk tipe pencari nafkah tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh utama yang dignifikan terhadap kepuasan pernikahan F 3,1 = 0,231; nilai p > 0,05; ? 2=0,001 . Untuk efek interaksi atas tiga variabel yang digunakan, tidak ditemukan adanya efek interaksi yang siginifikan antara status pencari nafkah dan tipe pasangan terhadap kepuasan pernikahan F 1,3 =1,050; p > 0,05; ? 2=0,013 . Skor rata-rata pasangan pencari nafkah tunggal dan ganda tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa status pencari nafkah tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap kepuasan pernikahan. Dari keempat tipe pasangan, ditemukan bahwa tipe pasangan traditional memiliki skor rata-rata kepuasan pernikahan yang paling tinggi dibandingkan tipe lainnya. Di sisi lain, tipe pasangan separated ditemukan memiliki skor rata-rata kepuasan pernikahan yang paling rendah diantara tipe pasangan lainnya. Interdependensi antara suami-istri dan komunikasi penyelesaian konflik menjadi aspek yang penting dalam menentukan tingkat kepuasan pernikahan.

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This study aims to see the influence of the earner status in the family single or dual and the couple types traditional, independent, separated, and mixed to marital satisfaction of married couples who live together in Indonesia. In this study, there was found a significant main effect between couple type and marital satisfaction F 1,3 10,425 p value 0.05 2 0.001 . There was no significant interaction effect between earner status and couple types to marital satisfaction F 1,3 1,050 p 0,05 2 0,013 . The average score between single and dual earners did not have a significant difference. Among the four couple types, it was found that the traditional type had the highest average score of marital satisfaction compared to other types. On the contrary, separated couple found to have the lowest average marital satisfaction score among the others. These results are in accordance with previous studies about couple types. Interdependence and communication of conflict resolution between couples becomes an important aspect in determining the level of marital satisfaction of couples in Indonesia."

"Fenomena partner phubbing mulai diteliti sejak penggunaan ponsel pintar dan internet terus meningkat. Partner phubbing merupakan perilaku individu yang mengabaikan pasangannya dalam komunikasi karena lebih memperhatikan ponselnya, dan perilaku ini dapat mempengaruhi berbagai hubungan antar manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara partner phubbing dan kepuasan perkawinan dengan kecerdasan emosional sebagai moderator. Penelitian dilakukan secara daring kepada 522 orang yang sudah menikah, berusia 20 - 65 tahun, dan menggunakan ponsel dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif antara artner phubbing dan kepuasan perkawinan, hubungan positif antara kecerdasan emosional dan kepuasan perkawinan dan hubungan negatif antara partner phubbing dan kecerdasan emosional. Namun kecerdasan emosional tidak berperan sebagai moderator pada hubungan antara partner phubbing dan kepuasan perkawinan.

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The partner phubbing phenomenon has been investigated since the use of smart phones and the internet continues to increase. Partner phubbing is an individual behavior that ignores their partner in communication because they pay more attention to their cellphones, and this behavior can affect various relationships between people. This study aimed to determine the relationship between partner phubbing and marital satisfaction with emotional intelligence as a moderator. The study was conducted online on 522 people who were married, aged 20 - 65 years, and used cellphones in their daily lives. The results showed a negative relationship between partner phubbing and marital satisfaction, a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction and a negative relationship between partner phubbing and emotional intelligence. But emotional intelligence did not act as a moderator in the relationship between partner phubbing and marital satisfaction.>"

"ABSTRAKStudi sebelumnya menemukan bahwa karakteristik perkawinan pada individu yang menikah terbukti berkorelasi dengan kepuasan perkawinan. Terdapat karakteristik perkawinan yang lebih dianggap penting oleh individu terhadap kepuasan perkawinannya. Penelitian ini ingin melihat hubungan antara karakteristik perkawinan dengan kepuasan perkawinan pada pernikahan berdasarkan agama (ta aruf). Partisipan pada penelitian merupakan 200 individu yang menikah melalui pernikahan berdasarkan agama (ta aruf) dengan usia perkawinan 1-5 tahun. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner secara daring melalui google forms. Karakteristik perkawinan diukur dengan CHARISMA dan kepuasan perkawinan diukur dengan CSI yang telah diadaptasi ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara karakteristik perkawinan dengan kepuasan perkawinan (r = 0,381, p<0.01, 2-tailed) pada individu yang menikah melalui ta aruf dengan usia perkawinan 1-5 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan temuan baru mengenai karakteristik perkawinan apa yang berhubungan dengan kepuasan perkawinan pada individu yang menikah, khususnya perkawinan melalui perjodohan (taaruf) di Indonesia.

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ABSTRACT

Previous study has found that the marita characteristics has correlation with marital satisfaction. There is a characteristics of marriage which is considered more important by married individual on their marriage life. This research is aiming to see the correlation between characteristics and satisfaction of a marriage that has occurred based on religion (ta aruf). Respondents are 200 persons who have been married through an arranged based marriage process (ta aruf) with age of marriage between 1 to 5 years. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaire online with google forms. The characteristics is measured by CHARISMA and marital satisfaction with CSI which have been translated into Indonesian. The result is showing there is a significant positive correlation between marital characteristics and marital satisfaction (r=0,381, p<0.01, 2-tailed) on a person who is married through an arranged-based marriage, aged from 1 to 5 years old. This also bringing new point related to marital satisfaction on an individual that is doing marriage, especially on a marriage through an arranged-based marriage in Indonesia (ta aruf)."

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Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi digital dapat memberikan dampak negatif pada hubungan antar manusia, misalnya partner phubbing, atau perilaku individu yang lebih memperhatikan ponselnya saat berinteraksi dengan pasangannya. Penelitian kuantitatif ini berfokus pada hubungan antara partner phubbing dan kepuasan pernikahan, dengan mempertimbangkan kecirian attachment. Partisipan penelitian ini 525 orang WNI, sudah menikah dan berusia 20 hingga 65 tahun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan dan negatif antara partner phubbing dan kepuasan perkawinan serta attachment dan kepuasan perkawinan. Namun tidak ditemukan perbedaan hubungan yang signifikan antara partner phubbing dan kepuasan perkawinan ketika dianalisis per pola attachment. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kepuasan perkawinan berkaitan dengan partner phubbing dirasakan seluruh individu terlepas dari pola attachment dengan pasangan.

 

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The development of digital communication technology can have a negative impact on human relations, such as partner phubbing, or the behavior of individuals who pay more attention to their cellphones when interacting with their partners. This quantitative research is focusing on the relationship between partner phubbing and marital satisfaction, taking into account the characteristics of attachment. The participants of this study were 525 Indonesian citizens, married and aged 20 to 65 years. The results show that there is a significant and negative relationship between partner phubbing and marital satisfaction, same result was found between attachment and marital satisfaction. However, no significant difference was found between partner phubbing and marital satisfaction when analyzed based on attachment pattern. This study shows that the decrease in marital satisfaction associated with partner phubbing was felt by all individuals regardless of the pattern of attachment with partner.

 

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