Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Ketidakpatuhan terapi Diabetes Melitus (DM) dapat menimbulkan komplikasi kronis mikrovaskular dan makrovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan antara kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2 yang diberi booklet yang disusun bersama pasien dan booklet lama. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental design dengan two group pretest-posttest design secara prospektif. Penilaian kepatuhan berdasarkan skor Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) dan kadar hemoglobin terglikasi (HbA1c). Penelitian dilaksanakan di puskesmas Beji dan Pancoran Mas bulan Maret hingga Juni 2013. Total sampel terdiri dari 62 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan mengikuti pretest, hanya 49 pasien DM tipe 2 yang mengikuti hingga akhir penelitian (posttest). Sampel secara random dibagi menjadi kelompok yang menerima booklet yang disusun bersama pasien DM tipe 2 (25 orang) dan kelompok booklet lama (24 orang). Penilaian skor MMAS-8 dan kadar HbA1c diukur sebelum dan 8 minggu setelah pemberian intervensi. Analisis menggunakan uji paired t test untuk perubahan kadar HbA1c serta uji Wilcoxon untuk skor MMAS-8. Pada kelompok yang menerima booklet yang disusun bersama pasien DM tipe 2 menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna kadar HbA1c (p=0,066<0,1) dan skor MMAS-8 (p=0,002<0,05) sebelum dan setelah 8 minggu intervensi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media edukasi booklet yang disusun bersama pasien DM tipe 2 dengan bahasa yang mudah dimengerti dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2 terhadap terapi.

---

The uncompliance to diabetes mellitus (DM) therapy can lead to chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications. This study aimed to compare the compliance of type 2 DM patients who were given the booklet that rearranged together with the patients and the original booklet. This study design was a quasi experimental design with two group pretest-posttest design prospectively. Compliance assessment score based on Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Research is carried out in Beji and Pancoran Mas Health Center during March to June 2013. The sample consisted of 62 patients who met the inclusion criteria and follow the pretest, only 49 patients with type 2 diabetes who followed up to the end of the study (posttest). Samples were randomly divided into group receiving the rearranged booklet with type 2 DM patients (25 patients) and original booklet group (24 patients). MMAS-8 assessment scores and HbA1c levels were measured before the intervention and 8 weeks after the intervention. The result is analized by using a paired t-test for change in HbA1c levels and the Wilcoxon test for MMAS-8 score. Group receiving the rearranged booklet with type 2 DM patients showed significant differences in HbA1c levels (p=0.066<0.1) and MMAS-8 scores (p=0.002<0.05) before and after 8 weeks of intervention. So this study may indicate that rearranged booklet with type 2 DM patients as an education media with understandable language may improve the compliance of type 2 diabetes patient to their medication therapy."

"Efikasi diri dan kepatuhan merupakan faktor yang penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat efikasi diri dan kepatuhan dengan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2 yang menjalani rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit di Jakarta.Desain dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectional, dengan jumlah sampel 125 pasien DM tipe 2. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy (DMSES), the Diabetes Activities Questionare (TDAQ), dan Diabetes Quality Of Life (DQOL).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efikasi diri (0,0005), dan kepatuhan (0,0005) berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kualitas hidup dengan variabel yang paling dominan adalah kepatuhan.Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel efikasi diri, kepatuhan, tingkat pendidikan, dan depresi menentukan kualitas hidup pasien DM. Perlunya dikembangkan pengkajian dan intervensi keperawatan yang berfokus pada efikasi diri dan kepatuhan pasien DM tipe 2.

---

Self-efficacy and adherence are important factor in improving the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and adherence to the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an outpatient unit of a Hospital in Jakarta.

This study was a cross-sectional, with sample of 125 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Management Self- Efficacy (DMSES), the Diabetes Activities Questionare (TDAQ), and the Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) were employed as instruments.

The results showed that selfefficacy (0.0005), and adherence (0.0005) were significantly associated with quality of life and the most dominant variable is adherence.

Multivariate test results indicate that the variable self-efficacy, adherence, education level, and depression determines quality of life of diabetic patients. This study suggestsis the need fornursing assessment and interventions that focus on the self-efficacy and adherence diabetes mellitus patient."

"Latar Belakang: Sindroma dispepsia sering dialami oleh penderita DM. Asam lambung salah satu faktor agresif terjadinya sindroma dispepsia dan tukak lambung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari perbedaan pH lambung pada pasien dispepsia DM dengan yang bukan DM dan untuk mengetahui apakah ada korelasi antara pH lambung dengan proteinuria dan HbA1c. Metode: Pasien terdiri dari 30 kelompok DM dan 30 kelompok bukan DM. Masing-masing kelompok dihitung pH lambung basal. pH lambung basal diukur dgn memasukkan elektroda kateter kedalam lambung selama 30 menit kemudian di rekam dgn alat PH Metri merek Digitrapper pH-Z. Beratnya komplikasi DM diukur dengan mikroalbuminuria, sedangkan kendali gula darah diukur dgn HbA1c. Dilakukan uji chi square utk mencari perbedaan pH lambung kelompok DM dgn yg bukan DM, dengan terlebih dahulu menentukan titik potong dgn analisa ROC (Receiver Operating Caracteristic). Dilakukan uji korelasi antara pH lambung basal dengan mikroalbuminuria dan HbA1c pada kelompok pasien DM. Hasil: pH lambung basal pada dispepsia DM vs non DM (2.30±0.83 vs 2.19±0.52). Dgn uji chi square terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok DM dengan yang bukan DM. Pada uji korelasi antara pH lambung dengan mikroalbuminuria dijumpai r = 0.47 dan p < 0.05, sedangkan HbA1c dijumpai r=0,59 dan p > 0.05. Simpulan: Ada perbedaan bermakna pH lambung basal antara pasien dispepsia DM dengan pasien dispepsia bukan DM. Ada korelasi antara pH lambung basal dengan mikroalbuminuria, sedangkan dengan HbA1c tidak ada korelasi. pH lambung basal pada pasien DM adalah 2.03±0.83 sedangkan pada yang bukan DM adalah 2.19±0.52.

---

Aims: Dyspepsia syndrome often experienced in diabetic patients. Gastric acid was one aggressive factors in dyspepsia syndrome. This aim of this study was to determine differences gastric pH between dyspepsia diabetic and dispepsia without diabetic patients. Also to determine whether there were a correlation between basal gastric pH and microalbuminuria and also HbA1c.

Methods: There were 30 patients diabetic and 30 patients without diabetic. Basal gastric pH was measured with an electrode catheter that inserted into the stomach for 30 minutes. Gastric pH will be recorded with PH Metri Digitrapper pH-Z. Diabetic complications measured by microalbuminuria, while the measured blood sugar control with HbA1c. Chi-square test to determine differences gastric pH between diabetic and without diabetic patients. Correlation test was performed between basal gastric pH and microalbuminuria and also HbA1c.

Results: We found basal gastric pH diabetic and non diabetic patients were (2.30±0.83 vs 2.19±0.52). There was significant differences between diabetic and non diabetic patients. From 30 diabeic patients we found a corelation between basal gastric pH and microalbuminuria (p < 0.05 and r = 0.47) and a no corelation with HbA1c (p > 0.05 and r=0,59).

Conclusions: There was significant differences basal gastric pH between diabetic and non diabetic patients. There was correlation between basal gastric pH and microalbuminuria, and no correlation with HbA1c. Basal gastric pH diabetic patients was 2,30 ± 0.83 and non diabetic patients was 2,19 ± 0,52."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Prevalensi disfungsi tiroid lebih tinggi pada pasien diabetes dibandingkan populasiumum. Hipotiroidisme memperburuk komplikasi, morbiditas, mortalitas, dan kualitas hidup pasiendiabetes melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2). Faktor risiko hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 selama ini masihkontradiktif dan belum dikaji secara lengkap. Keberadaan sistem skor hipotiroidisme pada pasien DMtipe 2 diperlukan untuk membantu diagnosis dan menapis pasien DM tipe 2 yang memerlukanpemeriksaan laboratorium fungsi tiroid sebagai baku emas diagnosis hipotiroidisme.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2.Metode. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan di Poliklinik Divisi Metabolik Endokrin(Poliklinik Diabetes) RSCM pada Juli sampai September 2015 dengan metode sampling konsekutif.Subjek menjalani anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis, dan pemeriksaan laboratorium (TSH dan fT4). Analisisdata dilakukan dengan program statistik SPSS Statistics 17.0 untuk analisis univariat, bivariat,multivariat, dan Receiving Characteristics Operator (ROC) dan SPSS Statistics 20.0 untuk analisisbootstrapping pada Kalibrasi Hosmer-Lemeshow.Hasil. Sebanyak 303 subjek dianalisis untuk mendapatkan proporsi disfungsi tiroid dan 299 subjekdianalisis untuk mendapatkan determinan hipotiroidisme. Sebanyak 23 subjek (7,59%) terdiagnosishipotiroidisme, terdiri dari 43,5% subjek hipotiroid klinis dan 56,5% subjek hipotiroid subklinisberdasarkan Indeks Zulewski dan/atau Indeks Billewicz, dengan 16,7% hipotiroid klinis dan 83,3%hipotiroid subklinis berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan fT4. Determinan hipotiroidisme pada pasien DMtipe 2 adalah riwayat penyakit tiroid di keluarga dengan OR sebesar 4,719 (95% IntervalKepercayaan/IK 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), keberadaan goiter dengan OR sebesar 20,679 (95% IK 3,49122,66, p = 0,001),kontrol glikemik yang buruk dengan OR sebesar 3,460 (95%IK 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), dan adanya sindrom metabolikOR sebesar 25,718 (95% IK 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01). Simpulan. Proporsi hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 adalah 7,59%. Determinan diagnosis dan komponen sistem skor hipotiroidisme pada pasien DM tipe 2 adalah riwayat penyakit tiroid di keluarga, keberadaan goiter, kontrol glikemik yang buruk, dan adanya sindrom metabolik. Sistem skor yang diberi nama Skor Hipotiroid RSCM ini diharapkan menjadi alat bantu diagnosis hipotiroidisme pada pasienDM tipe 2. ABSTRACT Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results. 303 subjects included for proportion study of thyroid dysfunction and 299subjects included for analysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01). Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients.;Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results.303subjectsincludedforproportionstudyofthyroiddysfunctionand299subjectsincludedforanalysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01).Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients.;Background. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is greater in diabetes patients compared to generalpopulation. Hypothyroidism is worsening complications, morbidity, mortality, and quality of life in type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Risk factors of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are stillcontradictive and not assessed completely. Presence of scoring system to estimate hypothyroidism inT2DM patients are needed to help diagnosing and screening of T2DM patients who need to undergothyroid function test as a gold standard diagnostic for hypothyroidism.Aim. To identify prevalence and estimators of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Metabolic Endocrine (Diabetes) Outpatient ClinicCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July-September 2015 with consecutive sampling method. Allsubjects underwent interview, physical examination, and laboratory testing (TSH and fT4). Analysiswas done by using SPSS Statistics 17.0 for univariate, bivariate, multivariate, and ROC (ReceivingOperator Characteristics) analysis and SPSS Statistics 20.0 for bootstrapping analysis in HosmerLemeshowCalibration. Results.303subjectsincludedforproportionstudyofthyroiddysfunctionand299subjectsincludedforanalysis of hypothyroidism determinants. 23 subjects (7,59%) are diagnosed as havinghypothyroidism, consisted of 43,5% clinical hypothyroidism and 56,5% subclinical hypothyroidismbased on clinical scoring index by Zulewski and Billewicz, and 16,7% subjects as having clinicalhypothyroidism and 83,3% subjects as having subclinical hypothyroidism based on fT4 examination.Determinants for hypothyroidism in T2DM patients are family history of thyroid disease with OR 4,719(95% Confident Interval/CI 1,07-20,8, p = 0,04), having goiter or difus struma with OR 20,679 (95%CI 3,49-122,66, p = 0,001), poor glycemic control with OR 3,460 (95% CI 1,075-11,14, p = 0,037), and metabolic syndrome with OR 25,718 (95% CI 2,21-299,99, p = 0,01).Conclusion. Proportion of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients is 7,59%. Determinants and componentsof scoring system of hypothyroidism in T2DM patients consist of family history of thyroid disease,having goiter or difus struma, poor glycemic control, and metabolic syndrome. Scoring system which iscalled RSCM Hypothyroid Score is expected to be a tool for helping diagnosis of hypothyroidism inT2DM patients."

"Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 merupakan penyebab kematian ke-2 pada kelompok usia 45-54 tahun di daerah perkotaan, sedangkan di pedesaan menduduki peringkat ke-6. Angka kejadiannya berhubungan dengan adanya resistensi insulin akibat berbagai macam faktor. Pola paling umum dijumpai adalah dislipidemia terutama hipertrigliseridemia dan pengurangan kadar HDL. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk melihat gambaran kadar trigliserida pada pasien DM tipe 2 yang berobat ke Poli IPD RSCM pada tahun 2010. Didapatkan bahwa dari 108 subyek, 55 orang berusia ≥55 tahun, 68 orang berjenis kelamin perempuan, 71 orang tidak merokok, dan 84 orang dengan kadar trigliserida normal. Dari hasil analisis didapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara kadar trigliserida dengan usia (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.104), jenis kelamin (Chi-square, p = 0.062), perilaku merokok (Chi-square, p = 0,973), kadar gula darah puasa (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.973), dan kadar gula darah dua jam post prandial. (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.539). Rerata TG berdasarkan analisis data adalah 140,5 (49-1144) mg/dL. Nilai rerata kadar glukosa darah puasa (GDP) 186,5 (114-559) mg/dL. Analisis data menunjukkan sebaran tidak normal dengan rerata kadar gula darah dua jam post prandial (GD2PP) sebesar 291 (178-582) mg/dL.

---

Type 2 diabetic melitus is the second death cause on urban residencies age ranged 45-54 year old, while it is the 6th leading death cause on rural area, based on RISKEDA 2007. High rate of prevalencies is because insulin resistancies as results of multifactorial. Most common patern is dislipidemia especially hypertriglyceride and low level of HDL. This researh is designed to picture triglyceride level on type 2 diabetic melitus patients in RSCM on year 2010. Known that from 108 subjects, 55 are aged ≥55 year old, 68 are women, 71 don’t smoke and 84 with normal level of triglyceride. From analitic processes, known that triglyceride level is not associated with age (Mann-hitney, p = 0.104), sex (Chi-square, p = 0.062), smoking habbit (Chi-square, p = 0,973), fasting blood glucose (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.973), and 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose (Mann-Whitney, p = 0.539). Mean rate of triglyceride level is 140,5 (49-1144) mg/dL. Mean rate fasting blood glucose is 186,5 (114-559) mg/dL. Data analysis doesn’t show normal distribution on mean rate of level 2 hours post prandial blood glucose 291 (178-582) mg/dL."

"Obat antidiabetes yang paling banyak diresepkan di Puskesmas Indonesia adalah metformin atau kombinasi metformin dan sulfonilurea. Studi tentang metformin telah menunjukkan berbagai dampak penurunan kognitif pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2, sedangkan sulfonilurea telah terbukti mengurangi dampak ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dampak metformin dan metformin-sulfonilurea pada fungsi kognitif dan menentukan faktor apa yang mempengaruhinya. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu dengan melibatkan 142 pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mengonsumsi metformin atau metformin-sulfonilurea selama >6 bulan dan usia >36 tahun. Fungsi kognitif dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi bahasa Indonesia. Efek dari metformin dan metformin-sulfonylurea pada penurunan kognitif tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, bahkan setelah mengontrol kovariat (aOR = 1,096; 95% CI =  13.008px;">0,523–2,297; nilai-p = 0,808). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan usia (OR = 4,131; 95% CI = 1,271–13,428; nilai-p = 0,018) dan pendidikan (OR = 2,746; 95% CI = 1.196–6.305; nilai-p = 0,017) mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif. Pendidikan yang lebih rendah dan usia yang lebih tua cenderung menyebabkan penurunan kognitif, tenaga kesehatan didorong untuk bekerja sama dengan ahli kesehatan masyarakat untuk mengatasi faktor risiko fungsi kognitif ini.

---

The most prescribed antidiabetic drugs in Indonesian primary health care are metformin or a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea. Studies on metformin have shown various impacts on cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas sulfonylurea has been shown to reduce this impact. This study aimed to compare the impacts of metformin and metformin-sulfonylurea on cognitive function and determine what factors affected it. This crosssectional study was conducted at Pasar Minggu Primary Health Care involving 142 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients taking metformin or metformin-sulfonylurea for >6 months and aged >36 years. Cognitive function was assessed using the validated Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version. The effects of metformin and metformin-sulfonylurea on cognitive decline showed no significant difference, even after controlling for covariates (aOR = 1.096; 95% CI = 0.523–2.297; p-value = 0.808). Multivariate analysis showed age (OR = 4.131; 95% CI = 1.271–13.428; p-value = 0.018) and education (OR = 2.746; 95% CI = 1.196–6.305; p-value = 0.017) affected cognitive function. Since a lower education and older age are likely to cause cognitive decline, health professionals are encouraged to work with public health experts to address these risk factors for cognitive function."

"Senam diabetes merupakan jenis latihan aerobik yang bermanfaat mengontrol kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang melakukan senam diabetes. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dengan pengamatan pada serangkaian waktu (Time Series Design) dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel concecutive sampling. Besarnya sampel pada penelitian ini 87 orang, setiap responden mengikuti senam selama 60 menit, 3 kali seminggu, selama 1 minggu. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ada perubahan yang signifikan terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang melakukan senam diabetes (p value <0.05). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa senam diabetes dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 serta perlu dikembangkan penelitan lebih lanjut.

---

Diabetes exercise is an aerobic exercise that help Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 patient in maintaining normal blood sugar level. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in DM type 2 patient’s blood sugar level when they are having diabetes exercise. This is descriptive quantitative study using time series observation design. Sample of 87 patients were recruited using consecutive sampling. Each participant had 60 minutes exercise and 3 times in a week.

The result shows significant changes in decreasing blood sugar level of DM type 2 patient after diabetes exercise (p value <0.05). This study recommends that diabetes exercise can decrease blood sugar level of DM type 2 significantly, and can be continue to further studies."

"LATAR BELAKANG: Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang besar. Data dari studi global menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penderita Diabetes Melitus pada tahun 2011 telah mencapai 366 juta orang di dunia (IDF, 2011). Salah satu provinsi yang memiliki prevalensi Diabetes yang tinggi adalah Provinsi Banten. Prevalensi DM Provinsi Banten di daerah perkotaan sebesar 5,3% (mendekati angka nasional 5,7%) (Balitbangkes, 2008). TUJUAN: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan kejadian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Citangkil dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Pulo Merak, Kota Cilegon. DISAIN: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional, yang merupakan analisis data sekunder dari data Program Pengendalian Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan Faktor Risikonya di Kota Cilegon. Data dikumpulkan tahun 2011 dan analisis dilakukan tahun 2012. HASIL: Prevalensi DM Tipe 2 adalah sebesar 4,4%. Variabel yang terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian DM Tipe 2 adalah aktivitas fisik (p: 0,032). Orang yang aktivitas sehari-harinya ringan memiliki risiko 2,68 kali untuk menderita DM tipe 2 dibandingkan dengan orang yang aktivitas fisik sehariharinya sedang dan berat (OR: 2,68; 95% CI: 1,11-6,46).

---

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is one of big health problems. Global study showed that diabetician in 2011 had reached 336 millions people (IDF, 2011). One of provinces that had high prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is Banten Province. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Banten Province in urban areas is 5,3% (approaching the national prevalence 5,7%) (Balitbangkes, 2008).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research was to investigate the risk factors that have correlation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Citangkil Primary Health Care and Pulo Merak Primary Health Care, Cilegon City.

DESIGN: This research was a quantitative research with cross sectional design. It used the secondary data of T2DM and Its Risk Factors Controlling Program in Cilegon City. Data was collected in 2011 and the analyzing was done in 2012.

RESULT: The Prevalence of T2DM was 4,4%. The variabel that have correlation with T2DM is physical activity (p value: 0,032). People who have low intensity in physical activity has 2,68 times probabilty to get T2DM than people who has middle and high intensity in phisycal activity (OR: 2,68; 95% CI: 1,11-6,46)."

"Atas rekomendasi dokter spesialis pelayanan Rujuk Balik ke puskesmas dianjurkan bagi pasien di RS yang menderita penyakit kronis termasuk diabetes melitius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kesediaan pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 peserta JKN di RSU Jagakarsa untuk dirujuk balik ke FKTP.Desain potong lintang dan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam digunakan dalam studi ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepercayaan pasien terhadap dokter layanan primer, persepsi pasien mengenai ketersediaan obat di fasilitas kesehatan primer, jarak tempuh terhadap fasilitas kesehatan primer dan dukungan keluarga dan teman berhubungan dengan kesediaan pasien untuk dirujuk balik. Disarankan untuk mengembangkan SOP rujuk balik di RS dan mengembangkan pojokrujuk balik.

---

Back referral service to primary care is provided for JKN patients including diabetes mellitus type 2 patients as recommended by the internal medicine specialist. This studyaim is to analyse the factors that related to willingness of the patients to be referred to primary care after receiving care at the hospital in Jagakarsa Hospital. This study is using quantitative method with cross sectional design, followed by qualitative method with in depth interview.

The study revealed that trust to the primary health care physician, perception on medicine availability in primary health care facility, accessiibility and support from family and friend affect patient willingness to agree with back referral service. The study suggested to develop standard procedure for back referral and initiate back referral corner in hospital."