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"Latar belakang: Nyeri kronis dapat mempengaruhi berbagai aspek di dalam kehidupan penderitanya. Tingginya penerimaan terhadap nyeri kronis dapat membantu penderita untuk menghadapi nyeri kronisnya dengan baik. Tujuan: Untuk melihat efektivitas pemberian manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-komponen kelompok cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan penerimaan lansia Depok terhadap nyeri kronis yang dideritanya. Metode: Enam orang lansia yang menderita nyeri kronis diberikan intervensi multi-komponen kelompok cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) sebanyak delapan kali pertemuan. Intervensi ini terdiri dari sharing, latihan relaksasi, psikoedukasi, self-monitoring, activity scheduling, restrukturisasi pikiran negatif, dan teknik pemecahan masalah. Pengukuran efektivitas dilakukan dengan metode pretest-posttest menggunakan Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Hasil: Seluruh partisipan mengalami peningkatan penerimaan nyeri kronis setelah mengikuti manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-komponen kelompok cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) ini. Meskipun demikian, tidak seluruh partisipan mengalami peningkatan dalam masing-masing komponen penerimaan nyeri kronis, yaitu pain willingness dan activity engagement. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa para partispan dapat beradaptasi dengan nyeri kronis yang dideritanya dengan cara yang lebih baik. Di samping itu, latihan relaksasi nampak bermanfaat untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri yang dirasakan partisipan. Kesimpulan: Intervensi multi-komponen kelompok cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) efektif dalam meningkatkan penerimaan lansia Depok terhadap nyeri kronis yang diderita.

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Background: Chronic pain can affect many aspects of sufferers?s life. High level of acceptance towards chronic pain can helps sufferers to cope well with chronic pain.

Purpose: To see the effectiveness of the provision of pain management with multi-component group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention in improving acceptance of chronic pain of elderly in Depok.

Methods: Six elderly people who have chronic pain are given multi-component group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention as much as eight times. This intervention consist of sharing, relaxation training, psychoeducation, self-monitoring, activity scheduling, negative thought restructuring, and problem solving techniques. Measurement of effectiveness was assessed with pretest-posttest method using the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ).

Results: All participants have improvement in acceptance of chronic pain after participating in this pain management. However, not all participants experienced improvement in component of acceptance toward chronic pain, the pain willingness and activity engagement. The result also indicate that the participant can adapt to chronic pain in a better way. In addition, relaxation training seems beneficial to reduce the intensity of pain felt by the participants.

Conclusion: The multi-component group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention is effective to improve acceptance of chronic pain of elderly in Depok."

"Latar Belakang: Rheumatoid arthritis merupakan kondisi nyeri yang menyakitkan dan mempengaruhi berbagai aspek kehidupan penderitanya, seperti fisik, psikologis, dan psikososial. Nyeri yang dialami penderita ini dapat membuatnya merasa lemah dan kesulitan dalam beraktivitas sehari-hari. Dampak paling buruk yang dialami oleh penderita rheumatoid arthritis ialah pengaruh negatifnya terhadap kualitas hidupnya. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada penderita rheumatoid arthritis. Metode: Dua orang partisipan yang menderita rheumatoid arthritis diberikan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) sebanyak enam kali pertemuan. Intervensi ini terdiri dari identifikasi masalah dan sharing mengenai penyakit yang dialami, psikoedukasi, latihan relaksasi, self monitoring, dan restrukturisasi pikiran negatif. Pengukuran efektivitas dilakukan dengan metode pretest-posttest menggunakan Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) untuk melihat perubahan skor intensitas nyeri yang dialami dan Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) untuk melihat perubahan skor kualitas hidup. Hasil: Kedua partisipan mengalami peningkatan kualitas hidup seiring dengan menurunnya intensitas nyeri yang dirasakan setelah mengikuti manajemen nyeri dengan intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) ini. Hasil penelitian secara kualitatif juga menunjukkan bahwa latihan relaksasi merupakan teknik yang paling bermanfaat bagi kedua partisipan untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri yang dirasakan. Kesimpulan: Intervensi multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) efektif dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada penderita rheumatoid arthritis.

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Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a painful condition which is painful and affects many aspects of life of sufferers, such as physical, psychological, and psychosocial. Pain experienced by the patient can make her feel weak and difficulties in daily activities. The worst impacts experienced by people with rheumatoid arthritis are negative effects on quality of life.

Purpose: To know the effectiveness of pain management with intervention multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to improve quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods: Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis as participants given intervention multi-component of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as many as six sessions. This intervention consists of identifying problems and sharing about disease experienced, psychoeducation, relaxation training, self-monitoring, and restructuring negative thoughts. Effectiveness measurement was conducted using a pretest-posttest using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to see the change in pain intensity scores experienced and Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (RAQoL) to see the change in quality of life scores.

Results: Both participants experienced improved quality of life along with a decrease in the intensity of pain experienced after following pain management with multi-component intervention of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Qualitative research results also show that the relaxation exercise is the most beneficial technique for both participants to reduce the perceived pain intensity.

Conclusions: Interventions multi-component cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective to improve the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis."

"Insomnia adalah salah satu masalah yang paling umum bagi lanjut usia (lansia). Seperti gangguan psikologis lainnya, terdapat berbagai tipe dan penyebab insomnia. Walaupun demikian, mencari penyebab dan membeda-bedakan berbagai tipe insomnia seringkali tidak bermanfaat dalam menangani insomnia. Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa semua tipe dan penyebab insomnia dapat menerima manfaat terapi. Terapi yang paling efektif dan direkomendasikan untuk menangani insomnia adalah multi-komponen cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Teknik yang umumnya termasuk dalam paket terapi adalah sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, dan pendekatan kognitif. Penelitian ini menggunakan paket terapi tersebut ditambah teknik pemecahan masalah yang efektif untuk menangani insomnia. Terapi dibawakan dalam kelompok yang terdiri dari 8-sesi dan berlangsung selama 4 minggu. Setiap minggu terdapat dua sesi, sehingga terdapat sekitar 3-4 hari pada antar sesi. Desain penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen pre-post within group. Partisipan adalah lima lansia (64-75 tahun) yang terdiagnosis dengan insomnia berdasarkan Research Diagnotic Criteria untuk insomnia (Edinger, dkk., 2004). Untuk mengukur efektivitas terapi, partisipan diwawancarai dan mengisi kuesioner Skala Mengantuk Epworth, kuesioner Insomnia Severity Index, dan sleep diary. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi efektif dalam mengurangi simtom insomnia. Sebagian besar partisipan mengalami penurunan skor ISI yang besar dan penurunan yang lebih dari 50% pada waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk tidur dan waktu bangun setelah tidur. Selanjutnya, sebagian besar partisipan mengakui peningkatan kualitas tidurnya dan hilangnya simtom insomnia. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa CBT multi-komponen kelompok dapat menurunkan simtom insomnia dengan cukup besar pada lansia Indonesia. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan efektivitas CBT multi-komponen kelompok penting untuk menyediakan intervensi psikologis evidence based yang efektif dan ekonomis bagi lansia.

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Insomnia is one of the most common problems for the elderly. Like other psychological disorders, there are differing types and causes of insomnia. However, discovering the causes and differentiating insomnia types is often not useful in treating insomnia. Researches have shown that all insomnia types and causes can benefit from therapy. The most effective and recommended therapy for treating insomnia is multicomponent cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The usual techniques included in the therapy package are sleep hygiene, stimulus control, sleep restriction, and a cognitive approach.

This research used the usual therapy package with an additional problem solving technique, which has been shown effective for treating insomnia. The therapy is delivered in group setting, which consists of 8-sessions. The therapy takes 4 weeks with 2 sessions per week, leaving around 3-4 days between sessions.

The research design is a quasiexperiment pre-post within group design. The participants are five older adults (64-75 years old) that are diagnosed with insomnia based on Research Diagnostic Criteria for insomnia (Edinger, et. al., 2004). To measure the effectiveness of the therapy, the participants are interviewed and completed Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and sleep diary.

The result showed that the intervention is effective in reducing insomnia symptoms. Most participants experience a large reduction of ISI scores during the therapy and more than 50% reduction of sleep onset time and wake time after sleep onset. Furthermore, most participants acknowledge their sleep improvement and the disappearance of insomnia symptoms. This research shows that group multicomponent CBT can achieve clinically significant reduction of insomnia symptoms in Indonesian elderly. This finding provides evidence on using group multicomponent CBT to treat insomnia for Indonesian elderly. Evidence for the effectiveness of group multicomponent CBT is important in providing evidence based psychological intervention that is effective and economical for the elderly."

"Kecemasan adalah suatu perasaan gelisah atau ketakutan terhadap sesuatu yang dapat dialami oleh semua individu, termasuk diantaranya lanjut usia. Pada lansia, kecemasan dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan kondisi fisik yaitu kondisi geriatrik, perubahan psikologis yaitu perubahan fungsi kognitif, perkembangan temprament individu, dan perubahan lingkungan seperti kemiskinan, seringnya terjadi kekerasan, pola adaptasi yang gagal, serta peristiwa hidup yang negatif. Kecemasan pada lansia dapat menyebabkan munculnya beberapa penyakit, diantaranya penyakit jantung, hipertensi, hingga berujung pada kematian.Fenomena kecemasan ini cukup sering ditemui di usia lanjut. Di Indonesia, fenomena ini sering ditemui di beberapa kota dengan tingkat populasi lansia yang tinggi seperti di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab fenomena yang ada dengan memberikan intervensi psikologis kepada lansia yang berdomisi di Depok. Intervensi ini merupakan intervensi kelompok cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) yang diberikan kepada 5 orang partisipan. Pegukuran dilakukan pada saat pra-intervensi dan pasca-intervensi untuk mengetahui perubahan tingkat kecemasan yang jelas pada masing-masing partisipan. Kelima partisipan yang mengikuti intervensi ini mengalami penurunan tingkat kecemasan yang diukur menggunakan skala PSWQ (Penn State Worry Questionaire) dan STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Penurunan pada kelima partisipan bervariasi tergantung dari masalah dan ketaatan partisipan saat mengikuti intervensi.Kelima partisipan telah mengikuti teknik-teknik yang sudah diberikan selama proses intervensi seperti mengenali gejala, reaksi tubuh dan dampak cemas, membuat dan mengevaluasi rencana kegiatan, mengenali pikiran negatif, merekonstruksi pikiran negatif, mencari solusi dari masalah, dan berlatih relaksasi. Keberhasilan penelitian tergantung dari motivasi untuk sembuh, kepatuhan dalam mengikuti intervensi dan keinginan untuk melakukan teknik-teknik yang sudah diberikan selama intervensi.

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Anxiety can be defined as a feeling of discouraged or frightened about something, occur in human beings, as well as to the old ages. For older people, anxiety can be caused by the changing of their physical condition e.g. geriatric condition, the changing of psychological condition e.g. the change of cognitive function, individual temperament development, the changing of their surroundings e.g. poverty, violence, the failure of adaptation pattern, and the negative side of life. Anxiety for the old ages may lead to some diseases such as coronary heart disease, high blood pressure which could lead them to death.

This anxiety phenomenon often appears in the old ages. In Indonesia, this phenomenon can be found in some cities with high population of the old ages such as in Depok. This research was trying to figure out the answer by giving a psychological intervention for old aged individual living in Depok. The intervention was group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) given to 5 participants. The measurement was done at pre intervention and post intervention to find the changing of anxiety level of each participant.

All participants who joined this intervention experienced decrease of anxiety level which was measured by PSWQ scale (Penn State Worry Questionnaire) and STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Various result was found depends on problems and the obediency of the participant during the intervention. The success of this research may be influenced the motivation of healing, obedient, and willingness to do the techniques given by participants."

"ABSTRAKCognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk Meningkatkan Illness Acceptance pada Pasien Retinitis Pigmentosa Latar Belakang Retinitis Pigmentosa RP adalah salah satu jenis penyakit retinal herediter yang bersifat degeneratif dan dapat berujung pada kebutaan total. Dampak kerusakan penglihatan pada RP dapat mempengaruhi berbagai aspek di dalam kehidupan penderitanya, baik itu fisik, psikologis maupun psikososial penderitanya. Pasien usia dewasa awal memiliki risiko yang lebih besar mengalami permasalahan psikologis sehubungan dengan adanya perubahan serta gangguan signifikan terhadap peran sosialnya. Di sisi lain, penerimaan individu terhadap penyakit dapat mengurangi reaksi dan emosi negatif terkait dengan penyakit dan penanganan medisnya. Penerimaan terhadap penyakit bermanfaat untuk membantu pasien dalam mengoptimalkan fungsi kesehariannya sehingga ia dapat beradaptasi dengan sisa fungsi penglihatannya dan dampak dari hendaya penglihatannya terhadap kehidupannya. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mencoba menjawab kebutuhan tersebut dengan memberikan Cognitive Behavior Therapy kepada 3 tiga orang penyandang Retinitis Pigmentosa. Desain Penelitian Penelitian dijalankan dengan menggunakan desain single subject design. Adapun intervensi CBT diberikan dalam 5 sesi. Hasil Partisipan mengalami peningkatan illness acceptance yang ditandai dengan perbaikan skor Illness Cognition Questionnaire ICQ pada subskala Acceptance maupun Helplessness. Kata kunci: Illness acceptance, retinitis pigmentosa, low vision, dewasa awal, cognitive behavioral therapy.

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ABSTRACTCognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to Increase Illness Acceptance in Adult Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients Background Retinitis pigmentosa RP is a slowly progressive loss of vision which eventually leads to bare or no light perception, posing a continuous threat to patients 39 independence. Negative psychological states such as distress, sleepiness, anxiety and depression are common in RP patients due to the nature of this chronic, disabling illness. Young adults with RP present unique challenges and more prone to psychological problems because of their significant change in many areas of their life, such as working life and care giving roles that inevitably be compromised. Within coping strategy to deal with this disabling illness, acceptance is considered a key variable. When patients accept the disease, it is assumed that they will adjust their life goals towards more achievable goals by integrating this difficult life event. In this research, the researcher provide Cognitive Behavior Therapy for three RP patients. Design With single subjet design, this research aims to find out the effectivity of 5 sessions CBT to improve the illness acceptance of RP patients. Result Improvement was found for all variables in two subscales of Illness Cognition Questionnaire. Qualitatively, it is also found that CBT helps the patient to unconditionally accept themselves, have more positive thoughts towards their illness, and learn how to cope more effectively. "

"ABSTRAKDiabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang paling sering dialamilanjut usia di Indonesia. Mereka yang menderita diabetes tidak hanya memilikimasalah dalam hal fisik, namun juga bermasalah secara psikologis. Kondisi fisikyang lemah memiliki korelasi dengan tingkat harapan (hope) pada individu.Harapan yang rendah berdampak pada rendahnya kebahagiaan serta kesejahteraanhidup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menguji efektivitas cognitivebehavioraltherapy (CBT) dalam meningkatkan harapan pada lanjut usia yangmenderita diabetes melitus.Penelitian dilakukan di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti, Serpong, Tangerang.Desain penelitian berupa kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest danwithin-subjects, dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak tiga orang (berusia 65 sampai85 tahun). Dari hasil penelitian, dua dari tiga partisipan mengalami peningkatanuntuk skor harapan dan disertai dengan penurunan kadar gula dalam darah.Peningkatan harapan ini diwujudkan dengan kepatuhan (adherence) terhadapaturan medis yaitu pengontrolan konsumsi makanan yang mengandung glukosa.Disamping itu, peningkatan harapan juga diwujudkan dengan perasaan yangtenang dan bahagia, serta merasa diperhatikan dan dipedulikan. Kondisi tersebutjuga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap penurunan kadar gula dalam darah.Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa CBT cenderung efektif dalammeningkatkan harapan pada lanjut usia yang menderita diabetes melitus.

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ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disease suffered by theelderly in Indonesia. Those who suffered from diabetes are not only physicallyimpaired, but psychologically impaired as well. Weak physical condition has acorrelation with the level of individual hope. Low level of hope has an impact onthe low level of well being. The aim of this research was to measure theeffectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in enhancing hope for olderadults who suffered from diabetes melitus.The research was conducted in Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti, Serpong,Tangerang. Research design was made in the form of quasi experiment withpretest-posttest and within-subjects design, and with the three participants (aged65 to 85 years). From the research, two out of three participants increased theirlevel of hope and decreased their sugar levels in blood. This increasing level ofhope was manifested with the adherence of medical rules in controlling foodconsumption containing glucose. Besides that, the higher hope was alsomanifested with a calm and happy feeling, and also feel cared for. Such conditionscould give a contribution to the decreased sugar levels in blood. Thus, it could beconcluded that CBT tends to be effective in increasing the level of hope for olderadults who suffered from diabetes mellitus."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menginvestigasi efektivitas Multicomponent Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (MCBGT) sebagai intervensi manajemen stres dan kesepian pada lansia di Depok. MCBGT terdiri dari delapan sesi intervensi dengan berbagai macam teknik yang berbeda pada setiap sesi. Teknikteknik yang digunakan adalah relaksasi pernapasan, relaksasi progresif, psikoedukasi, self-monitoring, action planning, pendekatan kognitif, komunikasi efektif, dan teknik pemecahan masalah. Terdapat tujuh lansia yang terdiri dari enam perempuan dan satu laki laki berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif, yaitu menggunakan alat ukur stres berupa Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), dan Subjective Units of Distress (SUD), serta secara kualitatif menggunakan observasi dan juga wawancara. Pengukuran dilakukan pada sebelum dan sesudah dilaksanakan intervensi untuk menelaah perbedaan kondisi partisipan sebagai hasil dari intervensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan tingkat stres dan kesepian pada saat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, yang mengindikasikan bahwa intervensi secara efektif membantu peserta menangani stres dan kesepian. Efek intervensi diindikasikan lebih besar pada stres dibandingkan kesepian.

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The aim of this research was to examine the effectiveness of stress and loneliness management using Multicomponent Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy (MCBGT) with the elderly living in Depok. There were eight sessions in which involved several different techniques of MCBGT, with each session focusing on one technique. The techniques used were controlled breathing, progressive relaxation, psychoeducation, self-monitoring, action planning, cognitive approach, effective communication, and problem-solving. There were seven elderly people, six females and one male, that participated in this research. Data collection was through both quantitative and qualitative methods.

The quantitative method used four measurements such as Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Subjective Units of Distress (SUD), and UCLA loneliness scale. On the other hand, qualitative method used observation and interview to collect additional information from participants. Pretest and posttest were assessed in order to investigate the differences that occur on the stress and loneliness level due to MCBGT. It was found through the posttest that there were decreased levels of stress and also loneliness. Furthermore, it is suggested through the research that MCBGT was more effective in dealing with stress compared to loneliness."

"ABSTRAKGagal ginjal kronis GGK adalah penyakit degeneratif yang tidak dapat disembuhkan dan mengakibatkan perubahan yang besar dalam kehidupan seseorang. Pada dewasa muda yang merupakan tahap perkembangan paling produktif, GGK menyebabkan permasalahan yang kompleks sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas hidup individu. Kualitas hidup seseorang sangat dipengaruhi oleh penerimaan diri terhadap situasi yang dihadapi. Illness acceptance merupakan hal yang harus dimiliki pasien GGK untuk dapat mengembangkan strategi coping yang adaptif dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien itu sendiri. Hal ini dapat diperbaiki dengan menghentikan pola pikir negatif individu sehingga dapat berpikir positif dan merasa lebih baik. Pola pikir negatif dapat diubah menjadi positif dengan teknik restrukturisasi kognitif yang terdapat dalam Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas CBT dalam meningkatkan illness acceptance pada dewasa muda yang mengalami GGK. Efektivitas terapi diketahui dari perubahan skor illness acceptance yang diukur dengan Illness Cognition Questionnaire. Secara umum seluruh partisian mengalami peningkatan dari pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah terapi. Masing-masing partisipan mengetahui pentingnya berpikir positif dan bagaimana cara untuk mengubah pikiran negatif menjadi positif. Hal ini mempengaruhi penerimaan individu terhadap kondisinya dan kemampuan untuk berperilaku lebih adaptif. Berdasarkan hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa CBT efektif dalam meingkatkan illness acceptance pada pasien GGK usia dewasa muda.

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ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease CKD is degenerative disease that can not recover and affect big changes in life. For young adult, CKD causes complex problems that affect their quality of life. Through this problem, they have to raise their ability to think positively, and counter their negative assumption about their condition. The more adaptive, the more they can accept their illness and increase their quality of life. Thus, cognitive behavior therapy CBT is one of the cognitive therapy which is effective to restructuring the mind of the people. This research try to see the effectiveness of CBT in improving illness acceptance. The improvement known by identified the change of the Illness Cognition Questionnaire score and WHOQOL BREF score, before and after intervention. In general, all partisipants have improvement of illness acceptance and quality of life. Then can be conclude that CBT is effective to improve illness acceptance of young adult with chronic kidney disease."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas penerapan Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT untuk meningkatkan self esteem Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah anak laki laki usia 10 tahun yang memiliki self esteem rendah Self esteem diukur dengan menggunakan skala Self Perception Profile for Children dari Susan Harter 2012 dan didukung dari hasil wawancara dengan orang tua Intervensi Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan self esteem yang rendah terdiri dari empat tahapan Tahap pertama yaitu pra intervensi dilakukan sebanyak dua sesi Tahap kedua yang berisipsikoedukasi kepada orang tua terkait dengan peran orang tua dalam mendukung intervensi CBT dilakukansebanyak dua sesi Tahap ketiga yaitu tahap intervensi terdiri dari 12 sesi Tahap keempat yaitu post intervensi diberikan sebanyak dua sesi Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan self esteem terutama pada domain kemampuan sosial kemampuan atletik penampilan fisik dan self esteem secara keseluruhan Peran orang tua yang mampu menerapkan teknik SUPPORT Show Understand Patient Prompt Observe Reward Talk diduga turut mendukung keberhasilan intervensi yang sudah dilakukan pada anak

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The aim of this study was to know the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT to increase self esteem The participant of this study is a 10 years old boy who has low self esteem Self esteem was measured by Self Perception Profile for Children from Susan Harter 2012 and supported by interviewing with parents Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT that wasdoneconsisted of four stages Stage one that was pre intervention consisted of two sessions Stage two that includedpsychoeducation to parents about their roles to support CBT to their child consisted of two sessions Stage three was the intervention to the child that consisted of 12 sessions Stage four that was post intervention consisted of two sessions The result of this study showed thatCBTcould increase self esteem especially insocial competence athletic competence physical appearance and global self esteem Parent rsquo s role to apply SUPPORT technique Show Understand Patient Observe Reward Talk was predicted supportingthe success of this intervention "

"[Latar Belakang : Konflik relasi berpacaran rentan dialami oleh dewasa muda. Konflik yang tidak terselesaikan memunculkan kekerasan dalam pacaran. Kekerasan dalam pacaran mungkin terjadi dalam bentuk fisik, psikologis, seksual dan ekonomi. Riwayat pengalaman traumatis yang dialami sebelumnya oleh individu, membentuk self-esteem rendah pada individu dan membuka peluang pada individu untuk kembali terjebak pada relasi berkekerasan yang serupa, salah satunya kekerasan dalam pacaran. Self-esteem yang rendah mengakibatkan korban sulit untuk keluar dari siklus relasi berkekerasan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada dewasa muda yang mengalami kekerasan dalam pacaran. Intervensi yang telah terbukti efektif dalam menangani self-esteem yang rendah adalah cognitive behavior therapy. Metode : Penelitian ini berupa intervensi CBT pada 4 orang partisipan. Desain penelitian ini termasuk dalam one group pretest-posttest design (before and after). Analisis : Analisis dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan data kuantitatif dari hasil pre-test dan post-test pada alat ukur RSES. Analisa kualitatif dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi terhadap perkembangan dan perubahan yang dialami partisipan. Hasil : CBT cukup berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan self-esteem pada partisipan, namun demikian intervensi selama 6 sesi pertemuan ini dirasa belum cukup untuk mengatasi permasalahan kekerasan dalam pacaran secara menyeluruh. Partisipan mengalami perubahan aspek kognitif dan perilaku. Partisipan merasa percaya diri dan nyaman terhadap penampilan fisik maupun kemampuan yang dimiliki. Partisipan memperoleh pemikiran yang lebih realistis untuk keluar dari relasi pacaran yang tidak sehat.

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Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.;Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship., Background: Conflicts in dating relationship are commonly experienced by young adults. Unfinished conflict provokes violence in dating relationship. Dating violence may occur in physical, psychological, sexual, and economic matter. Previous traumatic events, experienced by individual, conceive low self-esteem and provide more possible chance for individual to get back to the same violence based relationship, including dating violence. Low self-esteem causes the victims to withdraw themselves from the violence-based relationship. Hence, interventions are required to enhance self-esteem on young adults who experience dating violence. Cognitive behavior therapy is considered effective in enhancing self-esteem. Method: This research investigated CBT intervention on 4 participants with the research design of one group pretest-posttestdesign(before and after). Analysis: Analysis was carried out by comparing quantitative data of pre-test and post-test result acquired from RSES instrument. Qualitative analysis was carried out through interview and observation on the development and changes experienced by participants. Results: CBT is influential enough in enhancing self-esteem on participants, nevertheless 6 meetings session of intervention are considered less effective in solving dating violence entirely. Qualitative result indicated that participants experienced changes in cognitive and behavior aspects. Participants felt confident and secure either about their physical performance or their competence. Participants obtained realistic thinking to withdraw themselves from unhealthy dating relationship.]"