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"Saat ini teknologi komputer 3D berkembang begitu pesat sehingga memungkinkan pecinta aplikasi 3D dapat memilih berbagai tool software yang ada untuk mewujudkan kreasi yang diinginkannya. Unsur real dalam suatu simulasi akan diwujudkan dengan adanya grafik yang tampak seperti dunia nyata misalnya pergerakan pada suatu obyek, perspektif kamera, kemampuan tool yang digunakan yang mendukung fakta real lain seperti adanya batasan objek yang bergerak menembus sebuah obyek yang lain misalnya pada saat sebuah obyek bergerak bertabrakan dengan dinding, pohon, bangunan dan sebagainya. Selain itu, hal penting lain yang juga perlu dilengkapi adalah kemampuan user untuk berinteraksi dengan aplikasi dan mengontrol obyek dalam dunia maya tersebut dengan mudah. Tool pembantu yang digunakan dalam tugas akhir ini adalah 3D Gamestudio, yang merupakan authoring system dan digunakan untuk membuat aplikasi 3D seperti game 3D dan dapat juga digunakan untuk membuat aplikasi virtual reality. Tujuan utama dari tugas akhir ini adalah membuat obyek 3D sepeda yang memiliki perilaku tertentu yang nantinya akan ditempatkan di jalur sepeda baru di lingkungan UI yang dibuat terpisah dengan tugas akhir ini. Secara terpisah juga nantinya akan digunakan kacamata 3D nirkabel E-Dimensional untuk PC sebagai alat streoskopik untuk membantu melihat aplikasinya secara lebih nyata 3D. Dalam proses ini, sepeda akan bergerak dan berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya seperti pada jalur jalannya, pohon-pohon disekelilingnya, dan sebagainya. Aplikasi ini kemudian diuji coba oleh pemakai yang menjadi penguji penelitian. Hal-hal yang menjadi topik pengujian adalah pengetahuan penguji tentang bahasa pemograman yang digunakan dan didapatkan nilai rata-rata 2,07 dari skala 1-4 yang artinya level pengenalan terhadap aplikasi yang digunakan masih rendah. Hasil kondisi obyek secara umum bernilai rata-rata 3,49 dari skala 1-4, yang diartikan kondisi obyek sudah baik. Tanggapan penguji bahwa virtual reality dapat meniru dunia nyata juga baik dengan rata-rata 3,2 dari skala 1-4. Pengembangan proyek ini di masa mendatang mendapat dukungan positif dari semua penguji dengan nilai rata-rata 4 dari skala 1-4.

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Nowadays, 3D computer technology grows rapidly and provides alternatives for 3D application lovers with various 3D software to support their imaginations come true. The real elements in a simulation will be actualized with the graphics that imitate the real world such as the object movement, camera perceptions, and object collision handling to other things like wall, tree, or buildings. In addition, it support user to interact with the application and easily control object in this virtual world. The software used in this final project is 3D GameStudio, one of the authoring systems that will not only support the creation of 3D game but also to make a virtual reality.

The main purpose in this project is to create 3D bicycle object that have some behaviors. This object will be placed in the new UI bicycle virtual track which has been prepared separately out of this project. Finally, as a separated process too, the application will be viewed using E-Dimensional 3D wireless glasses for PC, in order to see it more real 3D. In this process, the bike will move and interact with the environment. Subsequently, this application will be tested by the project testers.

The focus evaluation consist of the software used in this project, general object condition, user's respond to virtual reality and the development for the future. The average result is 2.07 from the range 1-4 for the first category, it means the level of language knowledge is still low. The general object condition is having good response and the average is about 3.49 from the range 1-4. The virtual reality category is about 3.2 and it means the testers agree that virtual reality can simulate the real world. The last point about future works is about 4 from the range 1-4, it means all testers support the future development for this project."

"Perancangan model 3 Dimensi dari sebuah kampus untuk keperluan visualisasi lokasi dapat dilakukan dengan pemindaian secara 3 dimensi. 3D Gaussian Splatting merupakan teknik pemindaian objek 3 Dimensi menggunakan 3D Gaussian sebagai representasi data volumetric dari proses Structure-from-Motion yang di konversi menjadi splats sebagai representasi objek yang memiliki data warna dan intensitas yang membentuk sebuah citra digital dengan akurasi warna dan posisi, dan detail objek yang tinggi. Untuk melihat render dari 3D Gaussian viewer berbasis web yang dapat menggunakan library ThreeJS. Menggunakan metode 3D Gaussian Splatting sebuah model kampus virtual 3D dapat diciptakan dan dilihat melalui aplikasi web dengan library ThreeJS . Hasil dari pembuatan model 3D Gaussian Splatting tersebut adalah rata-rata waktu training 9,49 menit dan hasil dari pengembangan aplikasi web tersebut menghasilkan rata-rata framerate 111 FPS.

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Designing a 3 dimensional model of a campus for location visualization needs can be done using 3 dimensional scanning. 3D Gaussian Splatting is a 3 dimensional scanning technique using 3D Gaussians as a representation of volumetric data from Structure-from-Motion process that is converted into splats as the representation of objects with color and intensity that creates a digital view with high accuration of color, position, and object detail. To see the render of 3D Gaussian Splatting a web based viewer can be used using the ThreeJS library. Using the 3D Gaussian Splatting method a 3D model for virtual campus can be created and viewed using a web application by utilizing ThreeJS library. The result of creating the 3D model using 3D Gaussian Splatting is an average training time of 9,49 minutes and the result of the development of the web based application is an average framerate performance of 111 FPS."

"Saat ini teknologi maju yang baru masih berkembang pesat di banyak area. Sudah banyak permainan dan aplikasi yang canggih dibandingkan 20 tahun yang lalu. Setiap hari muncul jenis aplikasi baru, contohnya gambar 3D. Gambar 3D mungkin bukan hal baru. Hampir 20 tahun yang lalu di Indonesia kita pernah menonton film kartun yang ditayangkan di televisi dengan menggunakan kacamata yang terbuat dari plastik. Saat ini gambar 3D juga digunakan di Imax Keong Mas, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.Teater gambar 3D dapat dikembangkan dengan menggunakan teknologi virtual reality (VR). Pengalaman melihat gambar dengan kacamata yang membuat nyata dan mendekati kenyataan, memungkinkan gambar menembus kacamata.Pada Tugas Akhir kami sudah menulis dan membuat implementasi lingkungan virtual reality pada aplikasi bersepeda. Implementasi ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan peralatan virtual reality yang dimiliki oleh Depatemen Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia.Aplikasi virtual reality yang dibuat menggunakan software komputer grafik 3 dimensi, yaitu 3D Gamestudio. Software tersebut biasa digunakan untuk game dan virtual reality. Penulisan tugas akhir ini skripnya sudah dikembangkan dengan memanfaatkan peralatan virtual reality.Implementasi lingkungan VR (pohon, rumah, rumput, dan sebagainya) yang telah dibuat dengan 3D Gamestudio dan dilihat menggunakan kacamata wireless 3D EDimensional, dilakukan survei kecil kepada sepuluh orang pengguna yang mencoba menggunakan aplikasi tersebut. Pengguna cukup puas dengan aplikasi tersebut dengan hasil tanggapan rata-rata 3,55 dari skala 5. Dari survei diketahui bahwa 3D Gamestudio kurang dikenal tetapi bermanfaat untuk membuat aplikasi VR.

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Presently the new advancement in technology kept driving more development in many areas. There are many sophisticated games and applications exist compared within 20 years ago. Everyday new kinds of application appear, for example 3D images. A 3D image is not completely new. As almost 20 years ago in Indonesia we have watched on a cartoon movie that was presented on television using a plastic google. Currently 3D image has been also used at Imax Keong Mas, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.The theater of 3D images can be developed using virtual reality (VR) technology. Experience the view of images with google which makes it real and close to reality, enabling to penetrate the google.In this Final Project we have written and created virtual reality environment implementation on a biking at VR application. This implementation is done using virtual reality devices that is owned by Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia.Virtual reality application has been created using 3D graphic computer software, which is 3D Gamestudio. The software is usually for game and virtual reality. This final project the process of writing the script has been developed other applications by using virtual reality devices.The environment (trees, houses, grass, etc) implementation of VR has been created using 3D Gamestudio and viewing by 3D E-Dimensional wireless google. A small survey for ten users has been conducted to test the application. The users have been satisfied with the creation application with the average result respond of 3.55 for the scale of 5. From the survey has been found that 3D Gamestudio is not well known but it has benefits the creation of VR application."

"3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, due to real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, the interpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs and the associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database and covered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilinear triangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to compute weights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect to azimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for three measurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points that form a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometrical approaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from each measurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique for HRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedral interpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of 2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e. rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinear rectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangular variety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results in more optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose an optimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phase HRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated to produce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5o of azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in a clockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o."

"3D sound is a new trend in various media, such as movies, video games, and musicals. Interpolated head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) are a key factor in its production, dueto real-time system limitations in storing measured HRTFs. In addition, theinterpolation of HRTFs can reduce the need to measure a large amount of HRTFs andthe associated effort. In this research, we used the PKU-IOA HRTF Database andcovered three interpolation techniques, namely bilinear rectangular, bilineartriangular, and tetrahedral. Bilinear interpolations can be used to computeweights in interpolating measured HRTFs in a linear fashion, with respect toazimuth and elevation angles. Such interpolations have been proposed for threemeasurement points that form a triangle or for four measurement points thatform a rectangle, surrounding the HRTF at a desired point. These geometricalapproaches compute weights from a distance of the desired point from eachmeasurement point. Tetrahedral interpolation, meanwhile, is a technique forHRTF measurements in 3D (i.e. azimuth, elevation, and distance) using barycentric weights. Based on our experiments, 3D tetrahedralinterpolation results in the best average mean square error (MSE) of 3.72% for minimum phase head related impulse responses (HRIRs) and best average spectral distortion (SD) of2.79 dB for magnitude HRTFs, compared to 2D bilinear interpolations (i.e.rectangular and triangular interpolation). Regarding the latter, bilinearrectangular interpolation generally performs better than the triangularvariety. Additionally, the use of minimum phase HRIRs as input data results inmore optimal interpolated data than magnitude HRTFs. We therefore propose anoptimal framework for obtaining estimated HRIRs by interpolating minimum phaseHRIRs using tetrahedral interpolation. Such HRIRs have been simulated toproduce virtual 3D moving sound in a horizontal plane with a difference of 2.5oof azimuth angle. The simulated moving sound that is heard moves naturally in aclockwise direction from an azimuth angle of 0o to 360o."

"This open access book provides a concise explanation of the fundamentals and background of the surround sound recording and playback technology Ambisonics. It equips readers with the psychoacoustical, signal processing, acoustical, and mathematical knowledge needed to understand the inner workings of modern processing utilities, special equipment for recording, manipulation, and reproduction in the higher-order Ambisonic format. The book comes with various practical examples based on free software tools and open scientific data for reproducible research.The books introductory section offers a perspective on Ambisonics spanning from the origins of coincident recordings in the 1930s to the Ambisonic concepts of the 1970s, as well as classical ways of applying Ambisonics in first-order coincident sound scene recording and reproduction that have been practiced since the 1980s. As, from time to time, the underlying mathematics become quite involved, but should be comprehensive without sacrificing readability, the book includes an extensive mathematical appendix. The book offers readers a deeper understanding of Ambisonic technologies, and will especially benefit scientists, audio-system and audio-recording engineers.In the advanced sections of the book, fundamentals and modern techniques as higher-order Ambisonic decoding, 3D audio effects, and higher-order recording are explained. Those techniques are shown to be suitable to supply audience areas ranging from studio-sized to hundreds of listeners, or headphone-based playback, regardless whether it is live, interactive, or studio-produced 3D audio material."

"Pada relita dunia manufaktur yang ada pada zaman sekarang, seringkali terdapat permasalahan antara pembuatan urutan proses dan penyampaian informasi bagaimana suatu produk dibuat. Terlebih lagi, bagaimana caranya suatu ruang kerja entah itu pabrik atau apapun, dapat dievaluasi dengan mendalam sebelum dibangun? Perlakuan evaluasi atau tata ulang suatu ruang kerja dapat memakan biaya dan waktu yang seharusnya dapat dihidari. Dengan memanfaatkan sejumlah teknologi yang ada zaman sekarang, ditawarkan suatu konsep model terintegrasi di mana kita dapat merasakan berada di suatu ruang kerja yang seluruhnya adalah virtual. Virtual Reality, membuat kita dapat mengevaluasi dan mendapat informasi cara suatu proses produksi berjalan, tanpa biaya pembangunan dan evaluasi yang merugikan. Sebuah model yang mencakup semua kebutuhan pun akan dikembangkan dan dilakukan dengan berdasarkan pemilihan teknologi yang ada, dari environment yang digunakan, display yang digunakan, hingga perangkat keras untuk memanipulasi dunia virtual juga menjadi parameter yang penting sehingga pada akhirnya menghasilkan suatu model terintegrasi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Adapun setelah serangkaian tahapan pengembangan, model yang dipakai melibatkan Model Pabrik 3D, LCD Projector, software Autodesk Inventor® dan Autodesk Showcase®, Motion Glove; dan diperkuat dengan perbandingan dengan model lain sehingga terbukti bahwa model yang dikembangkan memiliki harga yang cukup bersaing dengan model lain.

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In manufacturing world nowadays, it is often found a problem in communicating information or simulating about how a product is made. Moreover, how to evaluate a working station, for example in a factory, before the actual factory is built? Evaluation or re-positioning a working station could take a lot of time and cost, when it is actually can be avoided. By integrating several technologies available today, an integrated model where we can feel being in a totally virtual working station, is possible to be made. Virtual Reality, the way we can understand and evaluate a production process, without any unnecessary cost. A model which includes every need is developed based on the selection from several technologies, from environment being used, the diplay devices, even the hardware to manipulate virtual objects is also an important parameter to be considered in developing the right model for the right need. Furthermore, in the end of the development, it is concluded that the model developed includes 3D Factory Model, LCD Projector, Motion Glove, Autodesk Inventor® and Autodesk Showcase®; and the model is compared to another model in the end to prove that the model developed is affordable compared to similar model."

"Kemajuan teknologi juga berkembang pada dunia perakitan. Sekarang analisa proses perakitan ini sudah bisa dilakukan pada dunia virtual dengan bantuan program Computer-Aided Design dan beberapa sensor (Inertial Measurement Unit, dan sensor flex, dan lain-lain), sehingga tanpa memerlukan bentuk fisik dari material maupun proses pembuatan. Kegiatan perakitan ini akan lebih mudah dan lebih terlihat nyata jika adanya interaksi dengan lingkungan, maka dari itu penggunaan augmented reality digunakan. Karya tulis ini membahas cara mengimplementasikan augmented reality pada sistem InvenGlove (motion glove dari penelitian sebelumnya), yaitu: penggunaan kamera, merubah background 3D Computer-Aided Design Autodesk Inventor, dan pemilihan program augmented reality yang akan digunakan; serta membahas peningkatan kinerja InvenGlove. Dalam implementasi memanfaatkan Application Programming Interface pada program Autodesk Inventor dan Windows. Pada akhirnya dihasilkan virtual assembly dengan augmented reality berdasarkan pada program Autodesk Showcase.

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Advanced technology is also developing in the assembling world. Now, assembly process analysis can be done in virtual with some programs suggests Computer-Aided Design and some sensors (Inertial Measurement Unit, flex sensor, etc) without the actual physic materials and the process of making the product itself. Assembling will be easier and looked more real if there are interactions with the environment. Hence augmented reality is used. This paper explains how to implement augmented reality in the InvenGlove system (motion glove from the researches before), such as: using camera device, changing 3D Computer-Aided Design Autodesk Inventor background, and the selection of augmented reality program; and also improvement in performance of InvenGlove. In the implementation utilize Application Programming Interface in Autodesk Inventor program and Windows. The product is virtual assembly with augmented reality based on Autodesk Showcase program."

"ABSTRAKTeknologi 3D berkembang pesat dengan penggunaan yang luas. Tantangan yang muncul bagi teknologi 3D adalah kemudahan pengimplementasiannya dalam situs web. Blender merupakan salah satu perangkat lunak pengembang produk 3D yang bersifat sumber terbuka. Didukung perangkat plugin Burster, permainan 3D Blender dapat diimplementasikan dalam situs web. Caranya dengan menyisipkan kode tertanam dalam file HTML. Perpaduan Blender, plugin Burster dan sistem web klien-server digunakan untuk membangun sistem perpustakaan virtual pada sebuah web. Sistem ini dibuat dari permainan 3D Blender yang dihubungkan dengan basis data MySQL. MySQL berinteraksi dengan PHP untuk menghubungkan permainan 3D pada basis data ke perambah web. Plugin Burster menjadi perangkat tambahan yang berfungsi menampilkan permainan 3D pada perambah web. Pengintegrasian teknologi-teknologi tersebut secara bersamaan adalah solusi yang digunakan untuk mengintegrasikan permainan 3D dengan sistem web. Sistem perpustakaan virtual ini diuji oleh 10 penguji. Dari pengujian disimpulkan bahwa sistem perpustakaan virtual yang dikembangkan memuaskan pengguna dengan nilai kepuasan 64,38% serta cukup potensial untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut dengan nilai potensi 59,50%.

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ABSTRACT3D technology has been growing very quickly and implemented in many areas of life. One of the challenges in 3D technology is the inconvenience in implementing 3D technology in websites. Blender is a 3D development open source software. It is supported by plugin Burster. Blender 3D game can be implemented in websites. This can be done by inserting embedded codes in the HTML file. By combining Blender, Burster plugin and a web client-server system, we build a virtual library system on the web. This system was created with Blender 3D game which is connected with MySQL database. MySQL database is connected to PHP to communicate its contents with web browser. Burster plugin became functional software to display 3D games on the web browser. The integration of these technologies together should be a solution to overcome difficulties in implementing 3D games in websites. This virtual library system has been tested by 10 users. The test result shows that the level of user satisfaction of the virtual library is 64,38% and user?s opinion, with assessment level of 59.50%, indicates that further development of this system is potential."

"ABSTRAKPhotometric Stereo dalam rekonstruksi model obyek 3-Dimensi (3D) mengkondisikan pencahayaan yang beragam dengan titik pengambilan gambar yang tetap dan obyek yang diam. Dalam metode ini akan dihasilkan albedo, fraksi refleksi cahaya dari permukaan dari setiap piksel gambar dan surface normal. Selanjutnya vektor normal permukaan digunakan untuk merekonstruksi obyek dalam bentuk 3D dengan bantuan bahasa pemrograman MATLAB. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibandingkan hasil dari beberapa pengambilan gambar dari 7 obyek yang berbeda untuk mencari tingkat ketelitian dari metode ini. Pengembangan peneletian seperti ini diharapkan dapat menjawab tantangan dalam hal rekonstruksi obyek 3-Dimensi (3D) tanpa kontak secara langsung dari obyek.

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ABSTRACTPhotometric Stereo reconstructs 3-Dimension (3D) object model in vary lighting conditions with the fixed point of the object and image view point. This method recovers albedo, the fraction of light's radiation reflected from the surface from each image pixel and the surface normal. Then the normal vector of surface is used to reconstruct the 3-Dimension (3D) object using the help from MATLAB as the programming language. In this paper will be compared the result of some images from 7 different objects in order to get the accuracy of this method. Develpoment of this research hopely answers the challange in 3-Dimension (3D) object reconstruction without direct contact from the object."