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"Buku ini mebahas topik mengenai strategi benchamarking dalam manajemen"

"Penilaian kinerja pemeliharaan penting dilakukan karena pemeliharaan dianggap sebagai biaya terbesar. Pemeliharaan juga mengembalikan barang ke kinerjanya yang semula sehingga keberadaannya perlu dilakukan. Ada banyak tools dalam melakukan evaluasi terhadap kinerja pemeliharaan, salah satunya adalah dengan Maintenance Scorecard. Kombinasi antara Six Sigma dengan Maintenance Scorecard membantu menilai kinerja pemeliharaan dalam bentuk perhitungan DPMO dan sigma level serta membantu pemeliharaan agar menuju tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard terbukti efektif dalam mengevaluasi kinerja pemeliharaan berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu. Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard menggunakan Maintenance Key Performance Indicators British Standard. Terdapat 21 indikator yang relevan terhadap Perusahaan, namun hanya 9 indikator yang dimasukkan kedalam perhitungan pada penelitian ini karena keterbatasan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pengukuran kinerja dengan Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard sementara pada PT Indopelita Aircraft Services. Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard masih bersifat sementara dikarenakan adanya indikator-indikator lain yang seharusnya turut dihitung. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga memberikan rekomendasi aspek yang perlu ditingkatkan serta saran untuk penelitian kedepannya dan PT Indopelita Aircraft Services.

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Maintenance performance assessment is important to be done because maintenance is still considered as the biggest cost. Maintenance turns thing into its best performance so it is necessary to do maintenance. There are many tools to evaluate maintenance performance, one of those is Maintenance Scorecard. Combination between Six Sigma and Maintenance Scorecard helps evaluating maintenance performance with the calculation of DPMO and sigma level. It also helps to obtain the desired purpose.

Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard is proven to be an effective tool to evaluate maintenance performance according to previous research. Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard uses Maintenance Key Performance Indicators British Standard. There are 21 relevant indicators to company, but only 9 of them were included in this research because of limitation.

Results are the measurement using temporary Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard in PT Indopelita Aircraft Services. Six Sigma Maintenance Scorecard is still temporary because of there are indicators which should be included too. Furthermore, this research also gives recommendation of aspects which should be improved and suggestions for both future research and PT Indopelita Aircraft Services."

"Peningkatan Indeks Kualitas Produk Pada Tahap Pengembangan Produk di PT. XYZ Dengan Metode Six Sigma. Tesis ini membahas penggunaan metode six sigma (DMAIC) untuk memperbaiki indeks kualitas pertama pada tahap pengembangan produk Final Engineering Piloting (FEP). Pada fase define diketahui bahwa rata-rata indeks kualitas pertama pada tahap FEP sebesar -336, 27. Pada fase measure ditemukan bahwa rendahnya indeks kualitas diakibatkan oleh permasalahan pada torso dimana gaya untuk melepas dan memasang tangan dari dan ke lower arm berada di luar spesifikasi.Analisis menggunakan FMEA merekomendasikan agar material lower arm diganti dari PVC 85 menjadi PVC 65. Pergantian ini bisa membawa perubahan lebih baik, dan setelah perbaikan pada fase improvement didapatkan peningkatan indeks kualitas menjadi 5,46.

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This paper discuss about the use of six sigma method (DMAIC) to improve first quality index during development product phase called Final Engineering Piloting. During define phase, found that average first QI FEP is -336,27. Measure phase shows that those index mostly contributed by torso problem, in which poundage to attach and detach hands to and from lower arm are out of product specification.

Analysis phase using FMEA, recommends to change material for lower arm from PVC 85 to PVC 65. This changes can improve product and after all the improvement implemented, average first quality index improve to 5,46."

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang losses material pada proses pembuatan Open Top Can (OTC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab dan mengurangi losses material. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang makanan dan minuman, sedangkan fokus penelitian pada proses pembuatan OTC yang akan dipakai dalam proses pengalengan produk tersebut. Penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan metode Six Sigma dengan tahapan Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC). Metode Six Sigma merupakan tahapan peningkatan kualitas untuk mencapai 3,4 kecacatan per satu juta kesempatan. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 4 penyebab terjadinya losses material yaitu defect OTC, defect lid, defect body can dan juga material sisa. Pengurangan defect OTC sebesar 25.838,50 Defect Per Million Opprtunities (DPMO) dan kenaikan level Sigma sebesar 0,35.

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The focus of this research is the material loss in the process of making Open Top Can (OTC). This research aims to identify the cause and to reduce material loss. The object of this research is a company working in food and beverage field, while the focus of the research is the making process of Open Top Can (OTC) that will be used in the canning process of the product. This research is analyzed using Six Sigma method with Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) phase. Six Sigma methods are step to increase quality to reach 3.4 defects per million opportunities. The research reveals four causes of material loss - defect OTC, defect lid, defect body can and scraps of material. Reduce the defect OTC up to 25,838.50 Defect Per Million Opportunities (DPMO) and increase the Sigma level up to 0.35."

"Pelayanan resep obat merupakan serangkaian aktivitas mulai dari penerimaan penerimaan resep, pengkajian resep, pemberian harga obat, penyiapan obat, pengemasan, dan pemberian etiket, pemeriksaan kembali, penyerahan obat kepada pasien. Waktu tunggu pelayanan resep obat jadi belum dapat memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan oleh Rumah Sakit (≤10 menit) dan standar yang ditetapkan Pemerintah dalam Kepmenkes RI Nomor 129 Tahun 2008 (≤30 menit). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan pada waktu tunggu proses pelayanan resep obat jadi menggunakan pendekatan Lean Six Sigma meliputi tahap Define, Measure, Analyze, dan Improve. Desain penelitian berupa kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian operational research. Hasil pengmatan pada waktu tunggu pelayanan obat jadi digambarkan dengan Value Stream Mapping (VSM) yang memperlihatkan rata-rata waktu keseluruhan proses pelayanan resep obat jadi selama 35,94 menit dengan kegiatan bernilai tambah (value-added activi) 11,2 menit (31,26%), kegiatan tidak memberi nilai tambahan (non-value-added activities) 24,74 menit (68,83%). Pemborosan (waste) paling banyak terjadi adalah menunggu (waiting) dari seluruh pemborosan (waste) yang ditemukan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada setiap aktivitas pemborosan (waste) dalam proses pelayanan resep obat jadi maka dihasilkan usulan perbaikan berupa visual management, 5S, membuat jadwal pemeliharaan peralatan, melakukan pengadaan peralatan penunjang, menambah fitur dalam sistem e-press, membuat gudang khusus, menghitung beban kerja petugas, dan mengadakan layar tampilan status resep, dan melakukan perbaikan berkelanjutan. Dihasilkan Future VSM dengan leadtime proses pelayanan resep obat jadi menjadi 20,42 menit.

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Prescription drug service is a series of activities from receipt prescription, review of prescription, administration of drug prices, preparation, packaging, checking, and delivery of drugs to patients. The waiting time for prescription drug services has not been able to meet the standards set by the Hospital (≤10 minutes) and the standards set by the Government in Kepmenkes RI Nomor 129 Tahun 2008 (≤30 minutes). The aim of this research is to provide recommendations for improvements of the prescription service waiting time using Lean Six Sigma approach which consists of Define, Measure, Analyze and Improve phase. The research design is qualitative and quantitative with the type of operational research. The results of this research were described with the the value stream mapping that shows the average time for entire process is 35.94 minutes, with value-added activities 11.2 minutes (31.26%) and non-value-added activities 24.74 minutes (68.83%). The most waste occur is waiting. Based on that analysis, the researcher provide recommendations for improvement that is visual management, 5S, schedule maintenance of equipment, procuring supporting equipment, adding features in the e-presscription system, create a warehouse, calculate the workload of pharmacy staff, and implement continuous improvement. Resulting in future VSM with leadtime of the process of prescribing service time is 20.42 minutes."

"In January 2005, to continuously improving and delivering the customer value, which helping customers and distributors to meet their needs and satisfaction, Company XYZ distributes the VOC (Voice of Customer) to Distributor ABC as a Local Distributor of Company XYZ in Indonesia for Specialty Chemicals Products. The feedback from Distributor ABC indicates that one key point, which considered as very important and prioritized to be improved by Company XYZ is the Order Lead Time.As the response, Company XYZ in Indonesia, lead by Distributor Coordinator of Company XYZ initiates and performs this Six-Sigma Project to reduce the Order Lead Time. Order Lead Time is defined as the amount of time required from the submitted Purchase Order (PO) by Distributor ABC to the time the Distributor ABC received the order. The term and condition of the Order from Distributor ABC to Company XYZ is Free On Board (FOB) Singapore. The scope of the project will be limited to the Consumable Products imported from Manufacturing/Blending Plant located at China, which contribute about 75% of total products ordered by Distributor ABC.The Distributor ABC expects to have fast and on time delivery, in order to have a better management of local inventory in Indonesia, and reducing the inventory level in the warehouse that in return will significantly reduced the inventory cost. To anticipate late delivery to the End Customer, Distributor ABC provides 3 months of inventory level at the warehouse in Indonesia.To find the best solution on how to reduce the Order Lead Time, the problem solving methodology of Six-Sigma DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) has been using as a tool to find the source of variation, solving the problem, and improving the existing process. The project is based on the baseline data from October 2004 to March 2005 and project implementation from April to September 2005.The Six-Sigma Project result shows that the major problem was occurred due to the availability of the raw material in Company XYZ Blending Plant at China and the availability of products in the Warehouse of Company XYZ at Singapore and China. Thus, as the consequences, the products should be produced "Just in Time" at the Blending Plant in China that obviously prolongs the Order Lead Time, especially when the raw material is not available.Based on the result of Six-Sigma Project, the best solution to reduce the Order Lead Time and to manage the inventory Control is by using a Forecast Order. Forecast Order will help Company XYZ to manage and provide buffer stock at Singapore and China Warehouse and also prepare the raw material in the Blending Plant at China. Since the products are available in the Company XYZ Warehouse, the Order Lead Time to Distributor ABC could be reduced.The implementation of Forecast Order and inventory management has been giving a significant impact on the Order Lead Time. The implementation of the Forecast Order in April till September 2005 shows that the Order Lead time can be reduced from the average of 45 days to 17 days. Distributor ABC is also able to reduce the inventory level at the warehouse in Indonesia from 3 months to 1 month. The inventory cost could be reduced by approximately 73%."

"Penerapan konsep manajemen mutu seperti Lean Six Sigma mulai diterapkan dalam industri jasa seperti pada industri telekomunikasi. Tesis ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis penerapan konsep Lean Six Sigma pada operator telekomunikasi dengan melihat kapabilitas proses BTS melalui kinerja Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR) dan Call Drop Rate (CDR). Parameter tersebut merupakan dua parameter utama jaringan seluler. Penerapan Six Sigma pada proses perbaikan kualitas layanan seluler dilakukan agar kedua parameter tersebut dapat mencapai nilai standar yang telah ditentukan. Kinerja parameter BTS dapat dilihat berdasarkan nilai kinerja proses Ppk yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi nilai sigma. Nilai sigma terbesar yang dapat dicapai setelah dilakukan perbaikan berdasarkan penelitian ini adalah 6σ untuk parameter CSSR area Jakarta Utara. Faktor-faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan implementasi Six Sigma dalam proses perbaikan kualitas jaringan seluler juga dianalisis dan didapatkan bahwa faktor kepemimpinan merupakan faktor utama keberhasilan implementasi Six Sigma menurut para responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang berupa kinerja BTS dan data primer yang didapatkan dari kuesioner kepada Divisi Optimisasi.

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The application of quality management concepts such as Lean Six Sigma was implemented in the service industry such as the telecommunications industry. This thesis is conducted to analyze the application of the concept of Lean Six Sigma in the telecommunications operator to see performance capability of BTS through the performance of Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR) and Call Drop Rate (CDR). These parameters are the two main parameters of the mobile cellular network. Application of Six Sigma in mobile cellular service quality improvement process is done so that these two parameters can achieve a standard value that has been determined before. Performance parameters of BTS can be seen by Ppk process performance values which then converted into a sigma value. The largest sigma value that can be achieved after improvement process by this research is 6σ for CSSR parameter in North Jakarta area. The factors that determine the success of the implementation of Six Sigma in the process of improvement of the quality of mobile networks is also analyzed and found that leadership is a key factor for the successful implementation of Six Sigma according to the respondents. This study uses secondary data such as the performance of the BTS and primary data obtained from the questionnaire to the Division of Optimization."

"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alur proses pelayanan dengan menggunakan pendekatan lean six sigma dan memberikan usulan perbaikan di Instalasi Radiologi RS Hermina Tangerang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian operasional (operational research) dengan desain penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang didapatkan dari hasil observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan telaah dokumen. Sasaran penelitian adalah pemeriksaan radiologi konvensional sebanyak 31 sampel. Hasil yang didapatkan dari pengukuran value stream mapping (VSM) adalah rata-rata lead time per pasien 2 jam 26 menit 42 detik pada shift pagi siang dan 12 jam 34 menit 53 detik pada shift malam. Bottleneck terletak pada siklus pengolahan ekspertise dikontribusi oleh sebagian besar waste of waiting, yaitu menunggu foto dibaca oleh dokter spesialis radiologi. Akar penyebab masalah adalah tidak ada jam praktek dokter spesialis radiologi pada shift malam hari serta belum diterapkan standarisasi waktu tunggu pelayanan radiologi untuk semua jenis pasien. Usulan perbaikan yang diberikan adalah dilakukannya standardized work, visual management, dan just in time sehingga diestimasikan lead time dapat dikurangi sebesar 26,47% (1 jam 47 menit 52 detik) pada shift pagi dan siang, serta shift malam 49,35% (6 jam 22 menit 28 detik).

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The purpose of this study is to identify the service process flow using lean six sigma approach and giving improvement suggestions in radiology instalation at Hermina Tangerang Hospital. This is a quantitative and qualitaive operational research which the data was collected from observation result, in-depth interview, and document review. Target research of the study was the coventional radiology examinations with 31 samples. The result based on value stream mapping (VSM) measurement showed the average lead time per patient is 2 hours 26 minutes 42 seconds in the day shift and 12 hours 34 minutes 53 seconds in the night shift. The bottleneck is located in the expertise processing cyle which dominantly contributed by waste of waiting by waiting the image to be interpreted by the radiology specialist doctor. The root cause of the problem was the unavailability of the radiology specialist doctor in the night shift and there is no standardization of patients waiting time in the radiology services.  The improvement suggestions are the radiology department needs to apply a standardized work, visual management, and just in time, so that it is estimated that the lead time can be reduced 26,47% (1 hour 47 minutes 52 seconds) in the day shift and 49,35% in the night shift (6 hours 22 minutes 28 seconds)."