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"ABSTRAKSebagai fungsi hunian satu unit bangunan maupun sekelompok bangunan di atas lahan terbangun, perumahan dan permukiman memiliki kondisi untuk dapat melangsungkan fungsinya secara baik, serta secara khusus diharapkan mampu pula menyelamatkan dari bencana kebakaran. Permasalahan inilah yang menjadi fokus diskusi dalam penulisan ini, dengan mengamati beberapa karakteristik bangunan gedung apartemen di Jakarta Pusat. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan metode AHP untuk mendapatkan faktor risiko yang dominan. Dengan implikasi dari analisis risiko kebakaran pada bangunan tinggi apartemen di Jakarta Pusat, diharapkan permasalahan risiko kebakaran baik dari segi bangunan, penghuni, serta sistem lingkungan, akan mampu mencegah dan bisa menanggulangi risiko kebakaran yang dapat terjadi setiap waktu.

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ABSTRACTAs a function of housing, one or more building units on a constructed land have the condition to do its function correctly, and it also hopefully can save people from fire disaster. That is the focus of discussion in this writing, through observing some apartment building characteristic in Central Jakarta. This research analysis is using AHP method to overcome a dominant risk factor. With the implication from the analysis of fire accident risk at high apartment in Central Jakarta, it is expected that the risk of fire accident problem; whether its construction risk, human system, or environment system will be preventable, and able to cope with the fire disaster risk that can occur any time."

"Di Indonesia, khususnya di Jakarta tingkat kcbakaran pada bangunan gcdung scjak rahun 1981 hingga 2001 dari segi materi mcmpunyai kooenderungan mcningkax. (Dinas Kcbakaran DKI Jakarta, |981-2000) Kcrugian yang ditimbulkan akibat kebakaran meliputi kehilangan jiwa, Iuka bcrat atau tingan, kchilangan hafta benda, kerusakan pcralatan pada bangxman. Mcningkatnya iickuensi kcbakaran scbagaimana ditunjukkan pada statistik kcbakaran dipengaruhi oleh berbagai filktor. Pcmbangunan yang berdesak-desakan tanpa memperhitungkan jarak bangunan, penggunaan bahan bangunan yang mudah tcrbakar, instalasi listrik yang sudah menua dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap bahaya kebakaran. Selain itu tingkat kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi mcmpengaruhi pula mcningkalnya kemungkinan timbulnya kebakaran.Kebakaran mcmiliki risiko yang sangat tinggi. Untuk menghindari kemungkinan risiko bahaya kebalmmn pada bangunan, digunakan asuransi kebakaran. Tetapi, prcmi asuransi kcbakaran yang ada sckarang ini masih belum jelas Pcnclitian dilakukan dcngan menyebarkan kuesioncr kepada beberapa perusahaan asuransi yang bcrgerak dibidang asumnsi kebakaran dan kepada beberapa pemilik bangunan dnggi di Jakara, sodangkan pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan paket program SPSS untuk mendapatkan model matematik dan simulasi montccarlo dcngan bantuan program crystal ball unlnuk mendapatkan optimasinya.Hasil penelitian menuniukan bahwa premi asuransi dipengamhi oleh variabel bebas Xw (Kualitas Tcrbakar Penuh, Bahan bangunan yang dipakai ) dan Xu (KHHUGS kocelakaan (instalasi listrik) ) sedangkan dari hasil simulasi montccarlo menunjukan bahwa batas risiko minimal berada pada selang anmm Xl., minima] dan XB maksimal."

"Bangunan tinggi khususnya di Jakarta mempunyai sistem proteksi kebakaran sangatlah beragam jenis baik kemampuannya dan juga penggunaannya.Sistem proteksi kebakaran merupakan faktor pencegahan awal yang dapat mengeliminir kerusakan bangunan yang lebih parah apabila terjadi resiko kebakaran. Resiko kebakaran adalah termasuk salah satu faktor yang harus diminimalisasi dalam suatu pengoperasian bangunan dimana asuransi adalah sebagai salah satu cara transfer resiko tersebut.Pada penelitian ini diteliti variabel-variabel penentu yang diolah berdasarkan kuesioner yang disebarkan dan dibuat pemodelannya dengan perangkat lunak pengolahan statistik SPSS versi 10.0 yang menghasilkan 4 variabel penentu yaitu Sistem Proteksi aktif Hidran dengan kontribusi 55,3 %, Sistem Proteksi aktif Sprinkler Ctomatis 16,7 %, Sistem Proteksi aktif Alat Pemadam Api Portabel 6,8 %, dan Sistem Proteksi Pasif Konstruksi Tahan Api sebesar 4,9 %. Kemudian dilakukan uji coba dengan mengunakan metode simulasi Monte Carlo yang merupakan fasilitas dari perangkat lunak dan Crystal Ball. Hasil dari metode simulasi Monte Carlo ditemukan nilai premi asuransi kebakaran yang ideal.Pada akhirnya sistem proteksi kebakaran khususnya pada bangunan tinggi yang sangat baik akan menurunkan nilai premi asuransi."

"Pengendalian risiko tertentu pada tahap operasi bangunan tinggi dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengalihkan risiko melalui asuransi yaitu kepada pihak ketiga. Pengendalian risiko bahaya kebakaran sebagai salah satu risiko dimaksud dilakukan dengan mengalihkan risiko kepada pihak asuransi melalui suatu ikatan kontrak yang disebut polis sebagai bentuk ikatan legal. Dari hasil analisis risiko bahaya kebakaran pada tahap pengoperasian bangunan tinggi di Jabotabek, teridentifikasi empat belas dari dua puluh delapan variabel aspek hukum yang berkaitan dengan tingkat pengendalian risiko bahaya kebakaran. Kemudian berdasarkan hasil analisis faktor keempat belas variabel tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam empat faktor aspek hukum yaitu faktor instrumen regulasi asuransi secara umum (general insurance regulation instrument), faktor prinsip-prinsip dasar asuransi kebakaran (fire insurance principles), faktor prinsip perikatan perjanjian antara para pihak dalam asuransi (agreement between parties) serta faktor regulasi operasional pada tingkat lokal (local operational practices).Analisis regresi menghasilkan suatu model yang menggambarkan korelasi positif non linier antara aspek hukum asuransi kebakaran dengan tingkat pengendalian risiko bahaya kebakaran pada bangunan tinggi di Jabotabek, dengan dua variabel penentu utama yaitu fire safety management (X6) dan Peraturan Daerah tentang IMB, IPB dan IPPB (X23). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan hipotesis bahwa peningkatan kualitas pengaruh aspek hukum asuransi kebakaran akan meningkatkan tingkat pengendalian resiko bahaya kebakaran pada bangunan tinggi di Jabotabek.

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Modeling the Influence of Law Aspects of High-Rise Building Constructions Fire Insurance To The Level of Control of Fire Risk In JabotabekCertain risk control during operation phase of high-rise buildings could be treated by transferring the risk through insurance to a third party. Fire risk control during operation phase of a high-rise building is addressed by transferring the fire risk law aspects through insurance to a third party thus binding a contract work policy as a legal document. Analysis of fire risk during operation phase of high-rise building constructions in Jabotabek identified fourteen from twenty eight law aspect variables obtained from state of art research. Factor analysis successfully classed the variables into four significant factors namely general insurance regulation instrument, fire insurance principles, agreement between parties and local operational practices to be observed. Regression analysis produced a positive non-linear model relating the law aspect of construction fire insurance to the level of control found in high-rise building fire risk in Jabotabek. Two determinant variables that strongly influence the level of control of the fire risk were fire safety management (X6) and local government regulation related to building construction certification/IMB, building operation certification/IPB, and extending building operation certification/IPPB (X23). Finally, result of this thesis provided clear proof that increasing the influence of law aspect in high-rise building constructions through fire insurance will also increase the level of control of the fire risk."

"The Fire damage occurs in unpredictable time and can cause losses to the owner because of the damage. It can occur in buildings that do not have Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System in the building. By detecting and preventing against fire damage, which arise in unpredictable times will prevent loss of lives and assets of the buildings.There has been considerable research into the fire damage such as at the Polo Condominium in Colorado. The Polo Condominium that was built in 1967 caught fire on October 31' because it did not have the Fire Protection System in each floor. When the fire came and burned the building interior, the building could not extinguish the fire because it did not have fire detector and sprinklers in place.To solve the problem, in Jakarta there are a lot of guidelines such as the Minister Of Public Works Decree # 02IKPTSI1985 for Fire Safety in building. But from many fire damages, the guidelines could not accommodate the problem because the buildings did not incorporate Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System. Relevant research indicated that Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System are very important to detect and prevent against fire damage. In this research, the Fire Protection and Fire Safety Management System are defined as Fire Safety Design which have been taken from many relevant theories and journals.From 50 questionnaires sent to various high rise office buildings in Jakarta, 30 responses were received to be viable for in depth analysis. The result of the analysis shows clearly that the Fire Safety Design is positively correlated in a linear manner to four of the key Fire Safety Design variables. The four key variables influencing building reliability in design carried out by the consultant and controlled by the construction manager in the projects are : detection and fire alarm, building architecture, the designer's fire certificate and special equipment to stop fire_ This research can then be used to control and measure the quality of Future Fire Safety Design of the high rise building reliability in Jakarta."

"Influence of Inspection & Maintenance System Implementation to the Building Asset Protection in Preventing Fire Damage on High Rise Office Building in Jakarta High rise office buildings are an asset which have high economics value, because investation in building construction is high enough. Because of that it would be natural if maintenance and protection of building toward one of disturbances is fire damage must have big awareness. Observation of fire occurement shows that utility which is perfectly unfunetional when fire happens. Protection system realibility is installed Iike detector and fire alarm, automatic sprinkler, hydrant and also portable extinguisher or known as active fire protection is really influenced by quality of system design. One of activities which contribute in building protection in a part of Fire Safety Management is Inspection & Maintenance of all fire protections. Inspection & Maintenance activity is important part to ensure protection system and equipment reliability when fire occurs. This research toward inspection & maintenance of protection system as a part of Fire Safety Management could be one of parameters in protecting building asset caused by fire at operational stage of high rise office building in Jakarta. From 50 questionnaires sent to various high rise office building in Jakarta, 22 responses were received to be viable for in depth analysis. The result of the analysis shows clearly that the inspection & maintenance system implementation as a part of Fire Safety Management is positively correlated in a linear manner to two of the key Inspection & Maintenance System variables. The two key variables influencing building asset protection from fire damage on operational phase in life cycle construction are performance of detection and fire alarm system after inspection & maintenance and inspection & maintenance schedule. This research can then be used to grow up awareness that importance of inspection & maintenance implementation to protect building asset on high rise building in Jakarta."

"The tire damage occurs in unpredictable time can caused property losses and life losses. Research from several countries show that tire damage can caused big loss. Statistical studies has done by public protection in every city and town in the United State and Canada. The tire department is one of the most important factors caused increasing the loss of tire damage. The criteria for measuring its eifectiveness rigidly schedule and cover the organization, membership, apparatus and equipment. In Indonesia, especially in Jakarta the level of tire damage at high rise building has an increasing tendency since 1981. From various of tire damage show that still low appreciation to Fire Safety Design and also Fire Safety Management. The Public Fire Department as public facility 63111101 be totally expected to overcome the tire damage. Facts that effort has only handle tire suppression mean while the tire prevention has rarely done. At operational stage , a team who can give responses quickly is known as Emergency Response Team that need to be established to anticipate emergency condition, so tire suppression could run elfectively and efficiently. Building has to be able to handle initial fire damage by protection system and Emergency Response Team skill. From 50 questionnaires sent to various high rise office buildings in Jakarta, 25 responses were received to be viable for in depth analysis using SPSS 10.1 version The result of the analysis shows clearly that Emergency Response Team is positively correlated in a linear manner to two of the Emergency Response Team variables. The two key variables influencing building the protection of building property in preventing fire damage carried out by building management and owner in high rise buildings are : The initial extinguishing of fire contributed 74,5 % in model, Inspection and Maintenance protection system contributed 13,3 % in model. This research can then be used to control and measure the quality of the protection of building property by Fire Safety Management theory on high rise oflice building in Jakarta."

"Proses penyelamatan di gedung bertingkat yang kurang baik mengakibatkan banyaknya korban jiwa akibat terjadinya kebakaran. Tujuan dari rencana penyelamatan ialah memberikan panduan keselamatan gedung yang ditampilkan pada setiap area gedung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dominan proses penyelamatan penghuni saat kebakaran di wilayah Jakarta Selatan menggunakan metode analisa risiko dan mengevaluasi sistem penyelamatan penghuni saat kebakaran yang tepat agar dapat menurunkan jumlah korban jiwa pada bangunan gedung tinggi hunian di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Terdapat 13 high risk pada penelitian. Hasil evaluasi penelitian berupa perbaikan SOP eksisting. Dimana terdapat 1 tambahan sub-bab dan perbaikan 3 sub-bab terdahulu.Proses penyelamatan di gedung bertingkat yang kurang baik mengakibatkan banyaknya korban jiwa akibat terjadinya kebakaran. Tujuan dari rencana penyelamatan ialah memberikan panduan keselamatan gedung yang ditampilkan pada setiap area gedung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor risiko dominan proses penyelamatan penghuni saat kebakaran di wilayah Jakarta Selatan menggunakan metode analisa risiko dan mengevaluasi sistem penyelamatan penghuni saat kebakaran yang tepat agar dapat menurunkan jumlah korban jiwa pada bangunan gedung tinggi hunian di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Terdapat 13 high risk pada penelitian. Hasil evaluasi penelitian berupa perbaikan SOP eksisting. Dimana terdapat 1 tambahan sub-bab dan perbaikan 3 sub-bab terdahulu.

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The rescue process in defective buildings resulted in many victims due to fires. The purpose of the rescue plan is giving the safety guidelines of the building that may appear on any area of the building. The purpose of this study is to determine the dominant risk factor the process of saving the residents during a fire in South Jakarta using risk analysis method and evaluate the correct residents rescue system during a fire in order to reduce the number of victims in high rise building residences in South Jakarta. There are 13 high risks in this research. The evaluation results of this research in the improvement of existing SOP. Where there is one additional sub chapters and sub chapters 3 fixes earlier. The rescue process in defective buildings resulted in many victims due to fires.

The purpose of the rescue plan is giving the safety guidelines of the building that may appear on any area of the building. The purpose of this study is to determine the dominant risk factor the process of saving the residents during a fire in South Jakarta using risk analysis method and evaluate the correct residents rescue system during a fire in order to reduce the number of victims in high rise building residences in South Jakarta. There are 13 high risks in this research. The evaluation results of this research in the improvement of existing SOP. Where there is one additional sub chapters and sub chapters 3 fixes earlier."

"Jakarta Pusat menjadi kawasan pusat perkantoran dan pusat pemerintahan yang menjadi sangat berisiko terhadap kebakaran. Menurut data Dinas Penanggulangan Kebakaran dan Penyelamatan 42,5% gedung perkantoran pemerintahan tidak terawat sistem proteksi kebakarannya. Waktu respon darurat menjadi faktor penting pada terjadinya risiko kebakaran karena hal ini dapat menanggulangi kebakaran. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, digunakan metode penelitian analisis risiko untuk dapat mengetahui faktor risiko dominan dari kebakaran untuk evaluasi sistem emergency response time sebagai acuan dalam perencanaan lokasi pos pemadam kebakaran. Hasil evaluasi penelitian terdapat 8 risiko dominan pada penelitian yang berupa perbaikan SOP eksisting dan pemetaan perencanaan lokasi pos pemadam kebakaran.

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Central Jakarta is the center of office area and central government, therefore this area become vital a risky area against fires. According data from Dinas Penanggulangan Kebakaran dan Penyelamatan that 42.5% the fire protection sistem in office building is untreated. Emergency response time become a key factor in fire incident. To achieve this method, risk analysis method is used for this research to get risk factors dominant of fire incident for evaluation of sistem emergency response time as a referencein planning location of fire station. The evaluation resultsof this research, there are 8 risk dominants to improve existing SOP dan mapping fire station location."