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Abstrak :
Anak sulung seringkali dipandang sebagai individu yang stabil, tidak emosional, dan selalu berperforma baik dalam segala hal. Kondisi ini tentu berperan terhadap intensinya untuk mencari bantuan profesional ketika mengalami masalah mental. Terlebih apabila pengalamannya bersama orang tua membentuk tipe adult attachment yang turut berperan terhadap intensinya mencari bantuan profesional. Penelitian ini ingin menguji ada/tidaknya perbedaan intensi yang signifikan pada diri anak sulung dalam mencari bantuan kesehatan mental profesional, berdasarkan tipe attachment yang dimiliki. Intensi diukur menggunakan alat ukur Mental Help Seeking Intention Scale (MHSIS) dan attachment individu dewasa diukur menggunakan Experiences in Close Relationship Scale – Short Form. Sebanyak 247 anak sulung laki-laki dan perempuan berusia 18-25 tahun menjadi partisipan dalam penelitian ini. Menggunakan metode analisis ANOVA, dapat dibuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan intensi mencari bantuan kesehatan mental profesional yang signifikan, dengan tipe attachment fearful yang memiliki intensi paling tinggi. ......The oldest child is often seen as a stable individual, unfeeling, and always performs well in everything. This condition certainly plays a role in his intention to seek professional help when experiencing mental problems. This is especially true if his experiences with parents form a type of adult attachment which contributes to his intention to seek professional help. The study wanted to test whether or not there were significant differences in the eldest son's intentions in seeking professional mental health assistance, based on the type of attachment he had. The intention was measured using the Mental Help Seeking Intention Scale (MHSIS) and adult individual attachment was measured using the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale - Short Form. A total of 247 firstborn boys and girls aged 18-25 years participated in this study. Using the ANOVA analysis method, it can be proven that there are significant differences in the intention to seek professional mental health assistance, with the fearful attachment type having the highest intention.

Abstrak :
Anak dengan Down Syndrome (DS) memiliki kemampuan delay of gratification yang rendah. Mereka mengalami kesulitan saat harus menunggu dan menunda kepuasan. Sementara kemampuan delay of gratification diperlukan agar dapat menyesuaikan dengan tuntutan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah tentang peran scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory terhadap kemampuan delay of gratification anak dengan DS. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap penelitian dimana masing-masing tahap menggunakan rancangan penelitian explanatory sequential mixed methods. Penelitian kuantitatif tahap pertama bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) korelasi waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial, dan physical pleasure menurut persepsi ibu (2) hubungan dimensi dan tipe scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak dan kemampuan delay of gratification. Penelitian kualitatif bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran kemampuan delay of gratification anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan rendah saat bermain lego. Analisis data kuantitatif menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara waiting time saat anak menjalankan tugas delay dengan kemampuan delay of gratification domain makanan, interaksi sosial dan physical pleasure yang dipersepsi ibu. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time anak adalah direction maintenance dan frustration control. Tipe scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan waiting time adalah speech disertai gesture. Hasil penelitian kualitatif terhadap tiga orang ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi dan empat ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah saat bermain lego menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama saat menjalankan tugas delay dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Penelitian tahap kedua bertujuan untuk membuktikan (1) perbedaan waiting time saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan ketika anak berada sendirian (2) hubungan dimensi scaffolding dengan kemampuan delay of gratification (3) kesesuaian antara model dinamika hubungan antar variabel scaffolding dalam interaksi ibu-anak, kemampuan bahasa reseptif, atensi, working memory dan kemampuan delay of gratification dengan data (model fit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan waiting time secara signifikan antara saat bersama ibu, bersama ibu dan orang asing, bersama orang asing dan saat anak berada sendirian. Dimensi scaffolding yang berkorelasi dengan kemampuan delay of gratification adalah direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. Tipe scaffolding speech disertai gesture berkorelasi positif dengan kemampuan delay of gratification. Model teoritis yang diusulkan fit dengan data. Penelitian kualitatif tahap kedua menggambarkan bahwa ibu dengan skor scaffolding tinggi saat menjalankan tugas delay memiliki anak dengan waiting time yang lebih lama dibandingkan anak dari ibu dengan skor scaffolding rendah. Implikasinya adalah ibu disarankan memberikan scaffolding berupa direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration dan frustration control, yang diberikan melalui speech disertai gesture. ......Children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a low delay of gratification ability. They have difficulty waiting and delaying gratification. Meanwhile, the delay of gratification capability is needed in order to adapt to environment demands. This study aims to examine the role of scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and the delay of gratification ability of children with DS. This study consisted of two stages of research where each stage used an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design. The first stage of quantitative research aims to prove (1) the correlation of waiting time when children perform delay tasks and the ability of delay gratification in the food, social interaction, and physical pleasure domain according to mother's perception (2) the relationnship between dimensions and types of scaffolding in mother-child interactions and the delay of gratification ability. The qualitative research aims to get a description of the delay of gratification ability of children from mothers with high and low scaffolding scores when playing lego. Quantitative data analysis used the Spearman Rho correlation test. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between waiting time when the child performed a delay task with the delay of gratification ability in the food, social interactions and physical pleasure domain perceived by mothers. The scaffolding dimensions which correlate with children's waiting time are direction maintenance and frustration control. The type of scaffolding that correlates with waiting time is speech accompanied by gesture. The results of a qualitative study of three mothers with high scaffolding scores and four mothers with low scaffolding scores while playing lego illustrate that mothers with high scaffolding scores have children with a longer waiting time while carrying out delay tasks than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The second stage of research aims to prove (1) the difference in waiting time when with mother, with mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child is alone (2) the relationship between the scaffolding dimension and the delay of gratification ability (3) the suitability dynamic models of the relationship between scaffolding in mother-child interactions, receptive language skills, attention, working memory and delay of gratification ability with data (model fit). The results showed that there was a significant difference in waiting time between with the mother, with the mother and strangers, with strangers and when the child was alone. The dimensions of scaffolding that correlate with the delay of gratification ability are direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration. The type of scaffolding speech accompanied by gesture has a positive correlation with the ability to delay gratification. The proposed theoretical model is fit with the data. The second stage of qualitative research illustrates that mothers with high scaffolding scores while carrying out delay tasks have children with a longer waiting time than mothers with low scaffolding scores. The implication is that mothers are suggested to provide scaffolding in the form of direction maintenance, reduction in degrees of freedom, demonstration and frustration control, which is given through speech accompanied by gestures.

Abstrak :
Penelitian terapi pijat bagi anak dengan GSA yang dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 10 – 15 tahun lebih banyak ditujukan terhadap anak yang telah didiagnosis gangguan spektrum autisme dengan rerata usia anak berada di antara 3 – 6 tahun. Di Indonesia penelitian tentang terapi pijat pada anak dengan risiko gangguan spektrum autisme belum banyak dilakukan dan dipublikasikan di jurnal ilmiah. Prevalensi penderita gangguan spektrum autisme di beberapa belahan dunia cenderung meningkat, seperti di Negara Amerika Serikat, Cina dan negara berkembang seperti di Indonesia. Di Indonesia sendiri data dan informasi yang akurat dan lengkap dari penderita gangguan spektrum autisme (GSA) masih kurang, sehingga dikuatirkan banyak anak dengan gejala risiko gangguan spektrum autisme tidak mendapatkan penanganan secara dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan modul terapi pijat pada anak risiko gangguan spektrum autisme, mengetahui dan menganalisis modifikasi skor M-CHAT dan mengetahui hasil penerapan TPGSA dalam menurunkan skor M-Chat dan status risiko gangguan spektrum autisme pada anak Usia 18–36 bulan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Desktiptif dengan pendekatan Studi Kasus. Populasi penelitian adalah anak usia 18-36 bulan yang telah mengikuti skrining/pemeriksaan M-CHAT di PKM Pasar Minggu, PKM Cipayung dan PKM Kebon Jeruk. sebanyak 1685 orang dengan angka kejadian anak risiko autisme sebanyak 14 orang (0,8%) dari bulan Mei tahun 2019 sampai dengan Maret 2020. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 10 orang yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Jumlah anak yang diskrining dalam rangka modifikasi Skor M-CHAT adalah 904 anak yang dianalisis dengan Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) untuk memperoleh nilai Cut off Point dan Sensitivitas. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan ROC, diperoleh cut off point ≤ 24 dengan sensitivitas 87 % dengan Confidance Interval (CI) 95% dengan ROC area under the curve 0.912. Hasil penelitian dari penerapan terapi pijat diperoleh gambaran terdapat penurunan skor M-Chat dan perubahan status risiko gangguan spektrum autsime yang dimulai pada periode III hari ke 21-30 dan periode IV hari ke 31-40 pemberian terapi pijat. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah hasil analisis ROC pada modifikasi skor M-CHAT dapat digunakan untuk melakukan skrining dan menilai status risiko GSA, penerapan TPGSA dapat menurunkan skor risiko anak GSA dan dapat merubah anak risiko GSA dari risiko tingi menjadi risiko autisme dan normal. ......Research on massage therapy for children with ASD that was conducted over a period of 10-15 years was mostly aimed at children who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders with the average age of children being between 3-6 years. In Indonesia, research on massage therapy in children at risk for ASD has not been widely carried out and reported in the form of scientific journal publications. The prevalence of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders in some parts of the world tends to increase, such as in the United States, China and developing countries such as Indonesia. In Indonesia alone, accurate and complete data and information from people with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are still lacking, so it is feared that many children with risk symptoms of autism spectrum disorders do not get early treatment. This study aims to develop a massage therapy modul for children at risk for ASD, find out and analyze the modification of The Modified Check List for Autism in Toddler (M-CHAT) score and determine the results of the application of MTASD in reducing the risk score for ASD in children aged 18-36 months. The type of research used is descriptive research with a case study approach. The study population was children aged 18-36 months who had participated in the M-CHAT screening/examination at the Pasar Minggu Community Health Center (CHC), CHC of Cipayung and CHC of Kebon Jeruk as many as 1685 people with the incidence of children at risk of autism as many as 14 people (0.8%) from May 2019 to March 2020. The research sample was 10 people who met the inclusion criteria. The number of children screened in order to modify the M-CHAT score was 904 children who were analyzed by Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) to obtain Cut off Point and Sensitivity values. The results of the study based on ROC analysis obtained a cut off point ≤ 24 with a sensitivity of 87 % with a Confidance Interval (CI) of 95%, with an ROC area under the curve of 0.912. From the application of MTASD, it was found that a decrease in the M-CHAT score occurred in period III starting from day 30. The conclusion of this study is that the results of the ROC analysis on the modified M-CHAT score can be used as a score to screen and assess the risk status of ASD, the application of MTASD can reduce the risk score of children with ASD and can change children at risk of ASD from high risk to autism risk and normal.