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Abstrak :
Prevalensi karies gigi yang ditunjukkan dengan decayed, missing dan filled teeth (DMF-T) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran faktor individu, rumahtangga dan kabupaten/kota terhadap kejadian karies gigi guna menyusun model pengendalian karies gigi di Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (provinsi dengan riwayat karies gigi tertinggi). Desain penelitian ini campuran (hybrid) antara ecological study dan cross-sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi, pengambilan sampel air dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data menggunakan regresi logistik multilevel (dengan mixed-effect model). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktorfaktor pada tingkat individu (frekuensi menggosok gigi, kebersihan gigi dan mulut dan kebiasaan makan makanan asam/bercuka), tingkat rumahtangga (jenis sumber dan keasaman air) dan tingkat kabupaten/kota (ketersediaan perawat gigi dan dokter gigi, angka gizi buruk dan besar anggaran kesehatan per kapita) berpengaruh terhadap prevalensi karies gigi berat pada penduduk dewasa, dimana secara keseluruhan dapat menjelaskan variasi risiko karies gigi sebesar 73,6%. Model pengendalian karies gigi yang sesuai dengan kondisi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung adalah menggabungkan pengendalian faktor pada tingkat individu, rumahtangga dan kabupaten/kota. ......Dental caries prevalence, indicated by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF-T), remains a global public health problem, including Indonesia. The objective of this research was to address the role of individual factors, households, and regency/municipality in explaining dental caries incidence, in order to formulate a model to control dental caries in Kepulauan Bangka Belitung—the province with the highest dental caries prevalence in Indonesia. This research was designed as a combination (hybrid) of cross-sectional and ecological studies. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interview, dental health examination by dentists, water sampling, and in-depth interviews. A multilevel logistic regression (mixed-effect) model was fitted to the data. The results show that the explanatory variables at individual (frequency of teeth brushing, dental and mouth hygiene, and acidic food consumption), household (main water source and acidity), and regency/municipality (availability of dentist and dental nurse, malnutrition, and per capita health budget) levels influenced the prevalence of severe dental caries among adults; they all explained 73.6% of the variation in risk of dental caries. The appropriate disease control model, given the local conditions of Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Province, is one that integrates control of risk factors at individual, household, and regency/municipality levels.

Abstrak :
Peningkatan harapan hidup manusia akan menambah populasi lanjut usia diikuti dengan peningkatan problem, antara lain penurunan fungsi kognitif. Salah satu faktor risiko penurunan fungsi kognitif ialah social engagement yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan tempat tinggal. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode cross sectional di kelurahan Jelambar dan Jelambar Baru, Jakarta atas 286 lanjut usia yang tinggal di keluarga dan di panti werdha menunjukkan adanya pengaruh social engagement terhadap fungsi kognitif lanjut usia, terutama di kalangan panti werdha. Social engagement buruk berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif setelah dikendalikan oleh aktivitas kognitif, khususnya pada kelompok social engagement buruk dan tinggal di panti; di kelompok lanjut usia perempuan, social engagement buruk berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif lebih rendah. Komponen social engagement yang paling berperan terhadap fungsi kognitif para lanjut usia adalah aktivitas di masyarakat dan keanggotaan di kelompok masyarakat lain. Kegiatan ke luar rumah dan berbelanja, dan kerja sukarela/amal merupakan komponen aktivitas di masyarakat yang paling berpengaruh. Di kalangan perempuan, komponen social engagement yang paling berpengaruh adalah keanggotaan di kelompok lain. Aktivitas kognitif yang terbesar pengaruhnya adalah masak sendiri dan menonton siaran televisi berita. ......The increase of life expectancy brings a problem of elderly, among others is problem of cogntive decline. One of the risk factors for cognitive decline is social engagement which can be influenced by living environment. This research was done with cross sectional method in kelurahan Jelambar and Jelambar Baru with 286 respondents living in family and institution. Social disengagement was associated with lower cognitive function, especially in institution, influenced by cognitive activity. Among women, social disengagement was associated with lower cognitive function. The most important component of social engagement are to become a member of social club and active in the community, especially outdoor activities and doing shopping for daily needs. Among women, the most important component of social engagement is to become a member of social club. Cognitive activity with biggest influence on cognitve function are self-cooking and watching news in television.

Abstrak :
Disertasi ini membahas hubungan varian genotip alel G gen CD209 titik promoter -336 terhadap kejadian Infeksi oportunistik TB Paru Pada ODHA, dengan rancangan potong lintang. Data infeksi oportunistik TB Paru  diperoleh dari catatan rekam medik RSPI Sulianti Saroso, sedangkan adanya penentuan varian genotip alel A/G gen CD209 titik promoter-336 dari pemeriksaan PCR dan analisis sekuensing. Analisis data menggunakan regresi cox. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan alel G gen CD209 titik promoter-336 terhadap kejadian infeksi oportunistik TB Paru (PR 1,57 p=0,235, CI: 0,74-3,32). Alel G gen CD209 titik promoter -336 merupakan faktor risiko pada perempuan terhadap kejadian infeksi oportunistik TB Paru (PR 1,75 p=0,11, CI;0,97-3,14). Alel G gen CD209 titik promoter-336 pada malnutrisi terdapat hubungan terhadap kejadian infeksi oportunistik TB Paru (PR 2,1 p=0,22, Cl; 0,68-6,39). Alel G gen CD209 titik promoter-336 pada kelompok umur diatas 50 tahun  berisiko 3,5 kali mengalami kejadian infeksi oportunistik TB Paru (PR 3,5 p=0,07, Cl;1,09-11,3). Adanya riwayat kontak TB Paru serumah dengan alel G gen CD209 titik promoter-336 juga berisiko 1,5 kali dapat mencetuskan kejadian infeksi oportunistik TB Paru, walaupun tidak signifikan (PR 1,5 p=0,36, Cl 0,85-2,73).

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This dissertation discusses the association effect of genotype variant G allele promoter-336 CD209 gene in evidence pulmonary tuberculosa opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS with cross sectional study. Pulmonary tuberculosa opportunistic infection data were obtained from the medical records of Sulianti Saroso hospital, while genotype variant G allele promoter-336 CD209 gene data were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and granulocytes obtained from the blood patients using salting out procedure-336 A/G (rs4804803). Genotyping of CD209 gene variants were studied using  PCR. The sequences of primers, restriction digestion enzymes used and restriction digestion pattern for different alleles. Data were analyzed using cox regression. The result of study showed association of G allele CD209 gene in evidence pulmonary tuberculosa opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS (PR 1,57 p=0,235, CI: 0,74-3,32) G allele CD209 gene as risk factor for women in evidence pulmonary tuberculosa opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS (PR 1,75 p=0,11, CI;0,97-3,14). Allele G in CD209 gene has also a strong association for malnutrition in evidence pulmonary tuberculosa opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS (PR 2,1 p=0,22, Cl; 0,68-6,39). Risk factor of pulmonary tuberculosa opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS has effects of G allele CD209 gene on ages group over 50 y about 3,5 (PR 3,5 p=0,07, Cl;1,09-11,3). and household pulmonary tuberculosa contact, about 1,5 (PR 1,5  p=0,36, Cl 0,85-2,73).

Abstrak :
100.000 penduduk. Sebanyak 1,12% dari penderita tuberkulosis adalah penderita tuberkulosis muskuloskeletal.Terbanyak (40-50%) berada di tulang belakang yang dikenal sebagai spondilitis tuberkulosis atau Pott?s disease. Penyakit ini sudah ada sejak zaman purbakala. dengan ditemukannya pada mummi di Peru. STB ini timbul 6-36 bulan pasca infeksi primer di paru. Penderita biasanya berobat setelah adanya gangguan neurologi berupa kelemahan motorik otot dan gangguan sensibilitas Salah satu penatalaksaan penderita spondilitis tuberkulosis adalah dengan operasi sesuai dengan klasifikasi alternatif pengobatan Sapardan II-X Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor prediktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan operasi dan membuat model prediksi keberhasilan operasi terhadap penderita STB Penelitian ini berupa kohort retrospektif dari RS Hasan Sadikin Bandung, RS dr Ciptomangunkusumo dan RS Fatmawati Jakarta, RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi dan sekitarnya serta RS dr Zainal Abidin Banda Aceh dengan jumlah 224 kasus.Berdasarkan penelitian ini, didapatkeluhan nyeri tulang belakang terdapat pada 69.64%, diikuti parestesi 37.95%, tidak sanggup berdiri 41.07%, adanya abses 29.91%. Angka keberhasilan operasi sebesar 87,5%. Variabel jenis kelamin, pendidikan kedekatan lesi frankel praoperasi, IMT, jumlah level lesi, keluhan nyeri tulang belakang, keluhan kesemutan, keluhan tidak kuat jalan, keluhan abses,sebagai prediktor utama keberhasilan operasi dalam pembuatan skoring dan didapat model prediksi dengan AUC 82,6% ± 4,1% dengan rentang skor 0-40, nilai cut-off point keberhasilan skor ≥ 19 pada 94.9% kasus, dimana kemungkinan keberhasilan 7.71 kali lebih besar dibanding penderita yang mempunyai skor < 19 pada akhrrfollow-up 3 bulan pasca operasi. ...... Indonesia is the fifth most suffering country from tuberculosis after India, China, South Africa and Nigeria, with a prevalence of 209 per 100,000 population. A total of 1.12% of patients with tuberculosis is musculoskeletal tuberculosis. Mostly (40-50%) is in the spine known as tuberculosis spondylitis or Pott's disease. This disease has been known since discovered in the mummy in Peru during ancient age. This STB arising 6-36 months post primary tuberculosis infection. Patients usually come after suffering neurological deficits such as motor weakness and impaired muscle sensibility. One of modality management of spondylitis tuberculosis is operating in accordance with the classification of treatment alternatives Sapardan II-X The purpose of this study was to determine predictors of successful operation and make predictive models of successful operation against people with STB This is a retrospective cohort study of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Dr RS and RS Fatmawati Ciptomangunkusumo Jakarta, Jambi Mattaher Raden Hospital and surrounding areas as well as Dr. Zainal Abidin Hospital in Banda Aceh by the number of 224 cases. Based on this study, patient suffering of spinal pain at 69.64%, followed by paresthesias 37.95%, can not able to stand 41.07%, abscesses 29.91%. Operation success rate were 87.5%. Variables gender, education, proximity lesions, preoperative Frankel, BMI, number(s)level of lesion, spinal pain, paresthesias, can not able to stand, complaints abscess, are the main predictor of successful operation in the making a scoring system and predictive models obtained with AUC 82.6% ± 4.1% with a score range of 0-40, the cut-off score of ≥ 19 point success in 94.9% of cases, where the probability of success 7.71 times higher than patients who had scores <19 at the end of 3 months follow-up after surgery.

Abstrak :
Kadar testosteron pada penyalahguna narkotika lebih kecil 43 dari padalaki-laki yang bukan penyalahguna narkotika, kadar testosteron yang rendahberpotensi menimbulkan masalah fisik, psikis dan sosial. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui perubahan kadar hormon testosteronpada program rehabilitasi medis penyalahguna narkotika di Balai BesarRehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Indonesia, Lido-Bogor. Desain penelitianini adalah longitudinal dengan analisis GLM-RM Generalized Linear ModelsRepeated Measure. Hasil penelitian adalah program rehabilitasi medis pada penyalahgunanarkotika meningkatkan kadar hormon testosteron tidak dapat dibuktikan. Saranpenelitian ini adalah masih perlu penelitian lanjut dengan membutuhkan waktuyang lebih lama, bukan dilakukan pada awal rehabilitasi dan tidak setiap minggutetapi setiap bulan. Program yang dilakukan lebih bertumpu pada aktifitas fisikyang disesuaikan dengan perilaku agresif dan menyenangkan.

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Testosterone levels in narcotics abusers are 43 smaller than males whoare not narcotics abusers, low testosterone levels potentially cause physical,psychological and social problems. The purpose of this research is to know the changing of testosterone levelin medical rehabilitation program of narcotics abuser in Central RehabilitationAgency of National Narcotics Board of Indonesia, Lido-Bogor. The design of thisstudy is longitudinal with GLM-RM Generalized Linear Models RepeatedMeasure analysis. The results of study for medical rehabilitation programs on narcoticsabusers raise the testosterone levels was not proven. This study result is suggestfor the future research needed more longer time, not start from the beginning ofrehabilitation and also not every week examination but every month. The programis based on more physical activity suitable to aggressive behavior and more fun.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menilai peran genetik rotavirus terhadap keparahan diare pada populasi bayi dan balita di rumah sakit dan puskesmas, pada 2005?2008. Keanekaragaman genotipe rotavirus sangat tinggi; 7 variasi genotipe umum (didominasi G1P[8]) dan 52 genotipe tidak umum (didominasi G4G9P[8]). Rotavirus genotipe tidak umum terdistribusi merata di rumah sakit dan puskesmas. Terhadap genotipe umum, genotipe tidak umum mempunyai PR 1,2 pada keparahan diare. Karakter gen VP7 berperan penting/menentukan peran genotipe GP pada keparahan. Status nutrisi memodifikasi efek peran genotipe pada keparahan diare. Faktor umur dan faktor pemberian sendiri antibiotik secara independen berperan menentukan keparahan. Koinfeksi tidak signifikan merubah derajad keparahan diare infeksi yang diakibatkannya.

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This study assessed the rotavirus genetic role on diarrhea severity in infants and young children population in hospitals and primary health centers, at 2005-2008. Genotype diversity of rotavirus is very high; 7 variations common genotype (dominated by G1P[8]) and 52 uncommon genotypes (predominantly G4G9P[8]). Rotavirus uncommon genotypes are distributed equally in both health centers. Against common genotypes, uncommon genotypes have a PR 1.2 in the severity of diarrhea. VP7 genes play an important character and define the role of GP genotype. Nutritional status modify the effects of genotype on the severity of diarrhea. Age and antibiotic are risk factors for severity of diarrhea, independently. Coinfection did not significantly alter the degree of severity of acute infectious diarrhea.