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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Sitikolin adalah neuroprotektor yang paling banyak digunakan untuk memperbaiki kerusakan neurologis pada penderita stroke iskemik, namun efektivitas sitikolin masih diperdebatkan berdasarkan penelitian ilmiah karena memberikan hasil yang heterogen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi sitikolin terhadap fungsi neurologis yang dinilai dengan The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) dan kemampuan fungsional yang dinilai dengan Barthel Index. Penelitian pada pasien stroke iskemik berdasarkan terapi sitikolin yang dilakukan di 18 rumah sakit di Indonesia yang berkontribusi dalam registri penyakit stroke. Desain studi penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif menggunakan data registri stroke Indonesia. Penilaian perbaikan fungsi neurologis berdasarkan perubahan nilai NIHSS sebesar > 2 poin dan penilaian kemampuan fungsional berdasarkan perubahan nilai Barthel Index sebesar > 20 poin yang diukur pada saat masuk dan keluar rumah sakit. Pasien stroke iskemik yang mendapat terapi sitikolin memiliki peluang perbaikan fungsi neurologis sebesar 1,34 kali (CI 95% 1,058-1,658) dibanding pasien yang tidak mendapat terapi sitikolin setelah dikontrol variabel neurorestorasi. Peluang perbaikan kemampuan fungsional pasien stroke iskemik yang mendapat terapi sitikolin sama dengan pasien yang tidak mendapat sitikolin setelah dikontrol dengan neurorestorasi dengan relative risk 1,07 (CI95% 0,879-1,293; p=0,53).

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ABSTRACT
Citicoline is the most widely used neuroprotective to repair neurological deficit in ischemic stroke patients, however the effectiveness of citicoline is still controversial and raise arguments against scientific research because it provided heterogeneous results.The objectives of the study are to identify citicoline effect on neurological function improvement using The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and functional ability improvement using Barthel Index (BI) in the treatment of ischemic stroke patients at 18 hospitals involved in Indonesia stroke registry. The design of this study is retrospective cohort study using stroke registry data. Improvement of neurological function assessed by changes of NIHSS score >2 and improvement of functional ability assesed by changes of Barthel Index score > 20 as measured at the time of admission and discharge of the hospital.The result shows that the probability of functional neurological improvement on citicoline treatment group is higher than no citicoline treatment group with adjusted RR by neurorestoration is 1,34 (95% CI 1.058 to 1.658, p=0,0014). There is no difference of functional ability improvement between citicoline and no citicoline treatment group, with adjusted RR by neurorestoration is 1.07 (CI95% 0.879 to 1.293; p=0,53).

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Kemampuan rumah sakit dalam menegakkan diagnosis untuk penyakit menular masih terbatas sehingga seringkali memperpanjang lama hari rawat pasien di rumah sakit. Keterbatasan ini seringkali menyebabkan beberapa penyakit infeksi tidak terdiagnosis atau didiagnosis sebagai penyakit lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan ketidaksesuaian diagnosis pada 5 penyakit infeksi terpilih dengan lama rawat inap. Menggunakan data sekunder, penelitian kuantitatif ini mengamati pasien dengan demam rawat inap di 7 RS Kelas A, dimana diagnosis etiologisnya adalah dengue, salmonella, rickettsia, leptopsira, dan chikunguya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya ketidaksesuaian diagnosis, terutama pada penyakit seperti riketsiosis, chikungunya, dan leptospirosis. Rata-rata hari rawat inap untuk masing-masing penyakit berkisar 5-8 hari. Pada dengue, ketidaksesuaian diagnosis dan lama rawat inap tidak berhubungan, sedangkan pada tifoid dan leptospirosis pasien dengan diagnosis tidak sesuai, dapat dirawat lebih singkat.

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ABSTRACT
Infectious diseases are still become the main health problem in Indonesia. Capabilities of hospitals in determining diagnosis of infectious diseases are still limited, and in many cases create prolong days of hospital inpatient care. This limitation may cause several infectious diseases undetected or often misdiagnosed with other diseases. The result of this study demonstrated the correlation between discrepancies in diagnosis and hospitalization days in 5 infectious diseases dengue fever, chikungunya, typhoid, rickettsiosis, and leptospirosis. Using a secondary data, this quantitative method specifically examines hospital patients with fever in seven class A hospital. The study results found that there is inconsistency of diagnosis, especially for disease of riketsiosis, chikungunya, dan leptospirosis. The average length of stay in hospital was ranging from 5 to 8 days. In dengue, diagnosis discrepancies were found to be unrelated to the hospitalization days, while in typhoid and leptospirosis, patients who had been misdiagnosed had shorter hospitalization days.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tingkat bebas parasit dini merupakan gambaran fungsi dari aktivitas artemisinin. Beberapa faktor yang dianggap berperan terhadap bebas parasit hari pertama setelah pengobatan salah satunya adalah kepadatan parasit sebelum pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepadatan parasit sebelum pengobatan dengan bebas parasit pada hari pertama setelah pengobatan dihidroartemisinin-piperakuin pada anak dengan malaria tanpa komplikasi di enam propinsi di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah kohort retrospektif yang dianalisis dengan cox regression dan menggunakan data sekunder efikasi dan keamanan obat dihidroartemisinin-piperakuin (DP) di enam propinsi di Indonesia. Kejadian tidak bebas parasit pada penelitian ini sebesar 31,74%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kepadatan parasit sebelum pengobatan dengan kejadian bebas parasit setelah hari pertama setelah pengobatan, dimana kepadatan parasit >20000/μl mempunyai risiko tidak bebas parasit sebesar 2,327 kali (CI 95% 1,418-3,820, p-value = 0,001) dibandingkan kepadatan parasit <4000/μl dan kepadatan parasit 4000-20000/μl berisiko tidak bebas parasit sebesar 1,669 kali (CI 95% 1,099-2,533, p-value = 0,016) dibandingkan kepadatan parasit <4000/μl setelah dikendalikan faktor jenis parasit dan wilayah. Kepadatan parasit (μl) dapat dijadikan pemeriksaan standar penderita malaria dan penilaian pengobatan.

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ABSTRACT
Early parasite clearance is the function of artemisinin?s activity. One of the factors that are related to parasite clearance on the first day after treatment is parasite density pre treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parasite density pre treatment and parasite clearance on first day after treatment in children with uncomplicated malaria at six provinces in Indonesia. The design of this study was retrospective cohort and analyzed with cox regression and used the secondary data of efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) at six provinces in Indonesia. The proportion of uncleared parasite in this study was 31,74%. There was statically relationship between parasite density pre treatment and parasite clearance on the first day after treatment, where parasite density >20000/μl had uncleared parasite? risk 2,327 times (CI 95% 1,418-3,820, p-value = 0,001) more than parasite density <4000/μl and parasite density 4000-20000/μl had uncleared parasite? risk 1,669 times (CI 95% 1,099-2,533, p-value = 0,016) more than parasite density <4000/μl after controlled by Plasmodium species and region. Parasite density (μl) can be used as standard tests for patients with malaria and treatment evalution., Early parasite clearance is the function of artemisinin’s activity. One of the factors that are related to parasite clearance on the first day after treatment is parasite density pre treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between parasite density pre treatment and parasite clearance on first day after treatment in children with uncomplicated malaria at six provinces in Indonesia. The design of this study was retrospective cohort and analyzed with cox regression and used the secondary data of efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) at six provinces in Indonesia. The proportion of uncleared parasite in this study was 31,74%. There was statically relationship between parasite density pre treatment and parasite clearance on the first day after treatment, where parasite density >20000/μl had uncleared parasite’ risk 2,327 times (CI 95% 1,418-3,820, p-value = 0,001) more than parasite density <4000/μl and parasite density 4000-20000/μl had uncleared parasite’ risk 1,669 times (CI 95% 1,099-2,533, p-value = 0,016) more than parasite density <4000/μl after controlled by Plasmodium species and region. Parasite density (μl) can be used as standard tests for patients with malaria and treatment evalution.]