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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari pengaruh dari implementasi kebijakan fiskal daerah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di provinsi-provinsi di Pulau Kalimantan selama periode dimulainya desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia, yaitu pada tahun 2001 hingga 2011 dengan menggunakan metode panel data (Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, dan Kalimantan Timur). Ukuran yang digunakan untuk menganalisa desentralisasi fiskal adalah indikator otonomi, indikator penerimaan, dan indikator pengeluaran. Selain itu juga, untuk melihat pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah digunakan variabel kontrol yang menjadi variabel pendukung yaitu Jumlah Penduduk, PDRB (Produk Domestik Regional Bruto), Pekerjaan, dan Investasi. Kesimpulan yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah adanya hubungan positif antara desentralisasi fiskal dan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah di provinsi-provinsi di Kalimantan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya desentralisasi fiskal juga meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah dan variabel-variabel lainnya kecuali variabel jumlah penduduk. ......This research paper is looking for the effect of regional fiscal policy implementation on regional economic growth in provinces in Kalimantan Island over the period when fiscal decentralization started in Indonesia, 2001 - 2011 by using panel data estimation from 4 provinces (West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan). The measurement of fiscal decentralization is used to analyse are Autonomy Indicator, Revenue Indicator, and Expenditure Indicator. Moreover, to see the effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth is used control variables to support that, such as Population, Initial GDRP, Employment, and Investment. The paper concludes with there is positive relationship between fiscal decentralization and local economic growth in provinces in Kalimantan. The result shows that increase in fiscal decentralization will increase local economic growth, and other variables too except population.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan bukti empiris tentang dampak dari kegiatan CSR-operasi dan non-operasi terkait dengan pengukuran kinerja tertentu industri penerbangan yaitu tingkat okupansi penumpang dan kenaikan jumlah penumpang. Selain itu, penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengidentifikasi apakah model bisnis maskapai memiliki efek moderat dalam mempengaruhi hubungan antara kegiatan CSR dan kinerja maskapai. Penelitian ini menemukan, pertama, kegiatan CSR yang berhubungan dengan operasi negatif memiliki dampak negatif pada kedua maskapai tingkat okupansi penumpang dan kenaikan jumlah penumpang. Kedua, keterlibatan maskapai dalam kegiatan CSR yang berhubungan dengan operasi positif dapat mempengaruhi tingkat okupansi penumpang serta memberikan hasil penumpang tambahan jika kegiatan tersebut telah melebihi harapan pelanggan mengenai kinerja operasional maskapai untuk pelanggan. Ketiga, studi ini menemukan trade-off antara tingkat okupansi penumpang dan kenaikan jumlah penumpang untuk maskapai yang memiliki keterlibatan dalam kegiatan CSR non-operasi yang berhubungan dengan positif. Akhirnya, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi efek moderasi dari model bisnis maskapai pada hubungan antara kegiatan CSR-non-operasi yang berhubungan positif dengan kinerja maskapai

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ABSTRACT
This study is conducted to find empirical evidences about the impacts of op-eration-related and non-operation-related CSR activities on airline industry‟s specific performance measurement namely passenger load factor and passenger yield. In addition, the study tries to identify whether the airline‟s business model has a moderating effect in influencing the association between CSR activities and airline‟s performance. The study employs 263 observations of airlines in 46 countries from 2009-2012. Data are mainly collected from airlines‟ annual reports and/or sustainability reports, while CSR value is derived from self-checklist items which are developed from KLD STATS database. This study finds, first, the negative operation-related CSR activities have a negative impact on both airline‟s passenger load factor and passenger yield. Second, airlines‟ involvement in the positive operation-related CSR activities may influence passenger load factor as well as providing additional passenger yield if such activities have exceeded customers‟ expectation regarding the airline‟s operational performance for the customer. Third, the study finds a trade-off between passenger load factor and passenger yield for airlines that have engagement in the positive non-operation-related CSR activities. Finally, the study identifies a moderating effect of airline‟s business model on the relationship between positive non-operation-related CSR activities and the airline‟s performance.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Salah satu manfaat dari teknologi Internet adalah kemudahan memperoleh informasi. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi tingkat permintaan kertas koran, kertas cetak dan tulis. Selain itu, kemajuan teknologi Internet telah memungkinkan penjual untuk memperluas pasar mereka ke negara-negara lain, sehingga akan mempengaruhi tingkat permintaan kertas kemasan sebagai pelindung barang sejak dari penjual hingga ke pembeli. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi analisa korelasi data untuk mempelajari dampak Internet terhadap perubahan konsumsi dan produksi produk kertas di dunia dan Indonesia. Perangkat digital akan membuat orang gemar memperoleh berita di dunia maya daripada koran, sehingga dapat mengurangi tingkat konsumsi dan produksi kertas di berbagai negara. Persaingan antara buku cetak dan digital, dan pemasaran tradisional dan periklanan tidak akan membuat perubahan yang berarti terhadap tingkat konsumsi dan produksi kertas cetak dan tulis di banyak negara. Secara keseluruhan dampak Internet pada tingkat penggunaan dan produksi kertas kemasan tidak menunjukkan arah yang jelas di banyak negara. Di Cina, Internet telah meningkat konsumsi dan produksi semua produk kertas tersebut. Hubungan yang erat antara Indonesia dan Cina telah menciptakan perdagangan bilateral di bidang pulp untuk memperluas industri kertas, sehingga dapat memenuhi besarnya permintaan produk kertas di Cina. Kenaikan tingkat melek huruf di Indonesia telah meningkat konsumsi koran dan membuat media cetak tradisional memiliki pangsa pasar yang tinggi di Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki keunggulan untuk meningkatkan ekspor karena bantuan Internet dalam mengakses pasar global; dengan demikian akan membutuhkan lebih banyak kertas kemasan. Di Indonesia, dampak Internet terhadap konsumsi dan produksi kertas koran, dan kertas cetak dan tulis tidak begitu berarti namun Internet menjadi faktor penting dalam meningkatkan konsumsi dan produksi kertas kemasan.

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ABSTRACT
One of the interesting features of the Internet is online information. It would likely affect demand for newsprint, and printing and writing paper. Moreover, the advance of the Internet has enabled sellers to expand their market to other countries, influencing demand for packaging paper to protect product from sellers to purchasers. This research applied correlation data analysis methodology to study impact of the Internet to the change of consumption and production of paper products in the world and Indonesia. Digital devices would make people prefer access online news rather than newspapers, reducing newsprint consumption and production level in many countries. Competition among printed and digital books, and traditional marketing and advertising would make insignificant change world’s consumption and production of printing and writing paper in many countries. The impact of Internet on packaging paper use rates was unclear in overall, making insignificant change of the production rates in many countries. In China, the Internet has increased consumption and production of all these paper products. Strong relationship between Indonesia and China has created bilateral trade of pulp to expand paper industries, meeting huge demand for paper products in China. The rise of literacy rate in Indonesia has increased newspaper consumption and made traditional print media have higher market share in Indonesia. Indonesia has advantages to increase export because of the Internet help in accessing global market; then it would need more packaging paper. In Indonesia, there was insignificant impact of the Internet on consumption and production of newsprint and, printing and writing paper; however, the Internet would be an important factor in boosting consumption and production of packaging paper.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen terbesar komoditas kakao biji di dunia. Hal ini menandakan bahwa kakao biji merupakan salah satu komoditas terpenting bagi Indonesia. Karenanya, pemerintah perlu menjaga stabilitas produksi dari komoditas terserbut. Selanjutnya, peran penting dari komoditas kakao biji ditandai dengan besarnya share ekspor dari komoditas tersebut terhadap total ekspor sektor pertanian Indonesia dan juga peran penting dari komoditas kakao biji terhadap mata pencaharian utama petani kecil di pedesaan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji determinan dari produksi komoditas kakao biji Indonesia. Secara lebih khusus, penelitian ini mendiskusikan bagaimana faktor-faktor agronomis, karakteristik petani, dan proses rantai nilai dapat mempengaruhi produksi kakao biji di Indonesia yang dijelaskan melalui metode kualitatif. Selain itu, penilitian ini juga menguji bagaimana pengaruh dari harga produsen dan perubahannya, harga dunia, curah hujan, dan inflasi terhadap produksi komoditas kakao biji Indonesia dengan menggunakan model random effect.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor agronomis dapat mempengaruhi produksi kakao biji melalui tingkat curah hujan dan tingkat kelembaban yang memngaruhi pohon kakao. Selanjutnya, karakteristik petani, seperti motif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehar-hari, dapat memengaruhi keputusan petani dalam membudidayakan komoditas kakao biji. Proses rantai nilai menjelaskan bahwa harga produsen secara langsung mempengaruhi kapasitas produksi domestic, sedangkan harga internasional secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi kapasitas produksi. Sementara itu, model random effect menunjukkan bahwa harga produsen, perubahan harga produsen, harga dunia, dan inflasi secara signifikan memberikan pengaruh terhadap produksi kakao biji domestik.

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ABSTRACT
Currently, Indonesia has become one of the major producers of cocoa bean in the world. Then, it makes cocoa bean as one of the important commodities for Indonesia. Since the crop has become one of the important commodities for Indonesian economy, the government needs to maintain the stability of cocoa bean production. The important role of cocoa bean can be shown by the share of cocoa bean export on Indonesian agricultural export and the livelihood of smallholder farmers.

This research aims to examine the determinants of Indonesian cocoa bean production. Particularly, this research discusses how the agronomics factors, farmers? characteristics, and value chain process can affect the cocoa bean production in Indonesia. Qualitative analysis is used to discuss these factors. Furthermore, this research also examines the affect of producer price, change in producer price, world price, rainfall, and inflation on the cocoa bean production. Random effect model is used to examine the affect of those variables.

The result reveals that agronomics factors can affect the production through the impact of rainfall and humidity on cocoa tree. The farmers? characteristics, i.e. the motive to survive can affect the decision of farmers in cultivating cocoa bean. The value chain process can explain that producer price of cocoa bean can directly affect the domestic production, whereas the world price indirectly affects the domestic production. Meanwhile, the random effect model reveals that change in price of cocoa bean, producer price of cocoa bean, the world price, and inflation significantly affect the domestic production.;Currently, Indonesia has become one of the major producers of cocoa bean in the world. Then, it makes cocoa bean as one of the important commodities for Indonesia. Since the crop has become one of the important commodities for Indonesian economy, the government needs to maintain the stability of cocoa bean production. The important role of cocoa bean can be shown by the share of cocoa bean export on Indonesian agricultural export and the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This research aims to examine the determinants of Indonesian cocoa bean production. Particularly, this research discusses how the agronomics factors, farmers’ characteristics, and value chain process can affect the cocoa bean production in Indonesia. Qualitative analysis is used to discuss these factors. Furthermore, this research also examines the affect of producer price, change in producer price, world price, rainfall, and inflation on the cocoa bean production. Random effect model is used to examine the affect of those variables. The result reveals that agronomics factors can affect the production through the impact of rainfall and humidity on cocoa tree. The farmers’ characteristics, i.e. the motive to survive can affect the decision of farmers in cultivating cocoa bean. The value chain process can explain that producer price of cocoa bean can directly affect the domestic production, whereas the world price indirectly affects the domestic production. Meanwhile, the random effect model reveals that change in price of cocoa bean, producer price of cocoa bean, the world price, and inflation significantly affect the domestic production., Currently, Indonesia has become one of the major producers of cocoa bean in the world. Then, it makes cocoa bean as one of the important commodities for Indonesia. Since the crop has become one of the important commodities for Indonesian economy, the government needs to maintain the stability of cocoa bean production. The important role of cocoa bean can be shown by the share of cocoa bean export on Indonesian agricultural export and the livelihood of smallholder farmers. This research aims to examine the determinants of Indonesian cocoa bean production. Particularly, this research discusses how the agronomics factors, farmers’ characteristics, and value chain process can affect the cocoa bean production in Indonesia. Qualitative analysis is used to discuss these factors. Furthermore, this research also examines the affect of producer price, change in producer price, world price, rainfall, and inflation on the cocoa bean production. Random effect model is used to examine the affect of those variables. The result reveals that agronomics factors can affect the production through the impact of rainfall and humidity on cocoa tree. The farmers’ characteristics, i.e. the motive to survive can affect the decision of farmers in cultivating cocoa bean. The value chain process can explain that producer price of cocoa bean can directly affect the domestic production, whereas the world price indirectly affects the domestic production. Meanwhile, the random effect model reveals that change in price of cocoa bean, producer price of cocoa bean, the world price, and inflation significantly affect the domestic production.]

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti dampak ekonomi sektor pariwisata di Provinsi Banten, daerah yang berdekatan dengan kota metropolitan Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi empiris di negara berkembang, yang terutama mengeksplorasi pentingnya pariwisata lokal/domestik, dampak langsung / tidak langsung dari kegiatan pariwisata dan peluang pengembangan keterkaitan dengan ekonomi lokal. Studi kasus ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Model kuantitatif menggunakan tren analisis, tren statistik dan simulasi input-output. Untuk analisis kualitatif, penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara semi-terstruktur dengan beberapa stakeholder pariwisata di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Ditemukan bahwa pariwisata lokal dan domestik adalah kontributor paling signifikan dalam pendapatan pariwisata Banten. Namun, data yang ada tidak secara jelas menjelaskan dampak fenomena ?wisatawan sehari? (excursion). Simulasi input-output mengungkapkan bahwa efek "tidak langsung" dari sektor pariwisata nilainya lebih besar dari "efek langsung" dari koefisien multiplier sektor pariwisata. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa industri pariwisata adalah "sektor pemicu" tetapi bukan mesin utama pertumbuhan ekonomi di Banten. Keterkaitan sektor pariwisata dengan ekonomi lokal untuk mengurangi impor/kebocoran ekonomi pariwisata bahkan membutuhkan proses industrialisasi di dalam industri pariwisata itu sendiri;

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ABSTRACT
The focus of this study is the freshman student of Faculty of Psychology at The purpose of this study is to explore economic impact of tourism in Banten Province, a region close to Jakarta (a mega city in Indonesia). This research is an empirical study of tourism economic in developing country, mainly explores the importance of local/domestic tourism, direct/indirect impact of tourism activity and linkage opportunity. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative model uses trend, statistical and input-output analysis. Input-output simulation shows the multiplier effect of increasing tourist arrival and import substitution. For exploratory analysis, this study uses semi-structured interview with key important persons from major stakeholder groups in Pandeglang District (one of the most-preferred coastal tourism destination in Banten). It is found that local and domestic tourism are the most significant contributor in Banten tourism revenue. However, existing data do not clearly explain ?one day tourism visit? phenomena (excursion) of this local/domestic tourism from neighbouring cities. Input-output simulation reveals that ?indirect? multiplier effects of ?less tourism-dependent sectors? are greater than the ?direct? multiplier effect of ?most tourism-dependent sectors?. The finding proves that tourism industry is a ?trigger sector? but not the main engine for economic growth. In the other side, local linkage as an option to reduce tourism import (the leakage), requires industrialisation in tourism industry itself. Industrialization in manufacture sectors is still the key for economic growth in Banten. The limitation of this paper is the restriction of underlining-assumptions of IO model: ?no supply constraint?, ?constant return to scale?, ?fixed commodity input structure?, and ?fixed output-ratios?, which might contrary to real conditions. The paper might not capture the in-depth micro-economic analysis of linkage feasibility. Another limitation of the study is that the result could not be generalized to different contextual situations;The focus of this study is the freshman student of Faculty of Psychology at The purpose of this study is to explore economic impact of tourism in Banten Province, a region close to Jakarta (a mega city in Indonesia). This research is an empirical study of tourism economic in developing country, mainly explores the importance of local/domestic tourism, direct/indirect impact of tourism activity and linkage opportunity. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative model uses trend, statistical and input-output analysis. Input-output simulation shows the multiplier effect of increasing tourist arrival and import substitution. For exploratory analysis, this study uses semi-structured interview with key important persons from major stakeholder groups in Pandeglang District (one of the most-preferred coastal tourism destination in Banten). It is found that local and domestic tourism are the most significant contributor in Banten tourism revenue. However, existing data do not clearly explain ?one day tourism visit? phenomena (excursion) of this local/domestic tourism from neighbouring cities. Input-output simulation reveals that ?indirect? multiplier effects of ?less tourism-dependent sectors? are greater than the ?direct? multiplier effect of ?most tourism-dependent sectors?. The finding proves that tourism industry is a ?trigger sector? but not the main engine for economic growth. In the other side, local linkage as an option to reduce tourism import (the leakage), requires industrialisation in tourism industry itself. Industrialization in manufacture sectors is still the key for economic growth in Banten. The limitation of this paper is the restriction of underlining-assumptions of IO model: ?no supply constraint?, ?constant return to scale?, ?fixed commodity input structure?, and ?fixed output-ratios?, which might contrary to real conditions. The paper might not capture the in-depth micro-economic analysis of linkage feasibility. Another limitation of the study is that the result could not be generalized to different contextual situations;The focus of this study is the freshman student of Faculty of Psychology at The purpose of this study is to explore economic impact of tourism in Banten Province, a region close to Jakarta (a mega city in Indonesia). This research is an empirical study of tourism economic in developing country, mainly explores the importance of local/domestic tourism, direct/indirect impact of tourism activity and linkage opportunity. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative model uses trend, statistical and input-output analysis. Input-output simulation shows the multiplier effect of increasing tourist arrival and import substitution. For exploratory analysis, this study uses semi-structured interview with key important persons from major stakeholder groups in Pandeglang District (one of the most-preferred coastal tourism destination in Banten). It is found that local and domestic tourism are the most significant contributor in Banten tourism revenue. However, existing data do not clearly explain ?one day tourism visit? phenomena (excursion) of this local/domestic tourism from neighbouring cities. Input-output simulation reveals that ?indirect? multiplier effects of ?less tourism-dependent sectors? are greater than the ?direct? multiplier effect of ?most tourism-dependent sectors?. The finding proves that tourism industry is a ?trigger sector? but not the main engine for economic growth. In the other side, local linkage as an option to reduce tourism import (the leakage), requires industrialisation in tourism industry itself. Industrialization in manufacture sectors is still the key for economic growth in Banten. The limitation of this paper is the restriction of underlining-assumptions of IO model: ?no supply constraint?, ?constant return to scale?, ?fixed commodity input structure?, and ?fixed output-ratios?, which might contrary to real conditions. The paper might not capture the in-depth micro-economic analysis of linkage feasibility. Another limitation of the study is that the result could not be generalized to different contextual situations;The focus of this study is the freshman student of Faculty of Psychology at The purpose of this study is to explore economic impact of tourism in Banten Province, a region close to Jakarta (a mega city in Indonesia). This research is an empirical study of tourism economic in developing country, mainly explores the importance of local/domestic tourism, direct/indirect impact of tourism activity and linkage opportunity. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative model uses trend, statistical and input-output analysis. Input-output simulation shows the multiplier effect of increasing tourist arrival and import substitution. For exploratory analysis, this study uses semi-structured interview with key important persons from major stakeholder groups in Pandeglang District (one of the most-preferred coastal tourism destination in Banten). It is found that local and domestic tourism are the most significant contributor in Banten tourism revenue. However, existing data do not clearly explain “one day tourism visit” phenomena (excursion) of this local/domestic tourism from neighbouring cities. Input-output simulation reveals that “indirect” multiplier effects of “less tourism-dependent sectors” are greater than the “direct” multiplier effect of “most tourism-dependent sectors”. The finding proves that tourism industry is a “trigger sector” but not the main engine for economic growth. In the other side, local linkage as an option to reduce tourism import (the leakage), requires industrialisation in tourism industry itself. Industrialization in manufacture sectors is still the key for economic growth in Banten. The limitation of this paper is the restriction of underlining-assumptions of IO model: “no supply constraint”, “constant return to scale”, “fixed commodity input structure”, and “fixed output-ratios”, which might contrary to real conditions. The paper might not capture the in-depth micro-economic analysis of linkage feasibility. Another limitation of the study is that the result could not be generalized to different contextual situations, The focus of this study is the freshman student of Faculty of Psychology at The purpose of this study is to explore economic impact of tourism in Banten Province, a region close to Jakarta (a mega city in Indonesia). This research is an empirical study of tourism economic in developing country, mainly explores the importance of local/domestic tourism, direct/indirect impact of tourism activity and linkage opportunity. This case study uses quantitative and qualitative analysis. The quantitative model uses trend, statistical and input-output analysis. Input-output simulation shows the multiplier effect of increasing tourist arrival and import substitution. For exploratory analysis, this study uses semi-structured interview with key important persons from major stakeholder groups in Pandeglang District (one of the most-preferred coastal tourism destination in Banten). It is found that local and domestic tourism are the most significant contributor in Banten tourism revenue. However, existing data do not clearly explain “one day tourism visit” phenomena (excursion) of this local/domestic tourism from neighbouring cities. Input-output simulation reveals that “indirect” multiplier effects of “less tourism-dependent sectors” are greater than the “direct” multiplier effect of “most tourism-dependent sectors”. The finding proves that tourism industry is a “trigger sector” but not the main engine for economic growth. In the other side, local linkage as an option to reduce tourism import (the leakage), requires industrialisation in tourism industry itself. Industrialization in manufacture sectors is still the key for economic growth in Banten. The limitation of this paper is the restriction of underlining-assumptions of IO model: “no supply constraint”, “constant return to scale”, “fixed commodity input structure”, and “fixed output-ratios”, which might contrary to real conditions. The paper might not capture the in-depth micro-economic analysis of linkage feasibility. Another limitation of the study is that the result could not be generalized to different contextual situations]