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"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji mengenai unsur-unsur kolonialisme yang terdapat dalam novel De Ogen van Solo karya Reggie Baay. Analisis didasarkan pada unsur-unsur pembangun dalam sebuah cerita, selanjutnya unsur tersebut dikaji melalui wacana kolonial untuk menemukan unsur kolonial apa saja yang terdapat didalamnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua unsur kolonialisme yang diperlihatkan dalam novel yaitu adanya pendudukan dan penguasaan terhadap suatu wilayah (termasuk semua sumber daya yang ada di dalamnya) dan adanya upaya pengekalan hirarki rasial dari pihak penguasa.

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ABSTRACT

, The research discusses the elements of colonialism in the novel De Ogen van Solo by Reggie Baay. The analysis is based on the developing elements inside a story, further the developing elements are being reviewed by the colonial discourse to discover the elements of colonialism inside the novel. The result of the research shown inside the novel; the occupation and domination toward one territory (including all resources within) and retention racial hierarchy from the possessor.

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"Documentary maker Vincent Monnikendam compiled the film Mother Dao, the turtlelike (1995) from more than 200 titles of archived films of the Dutch-Indies, shot between 1912 to ca. 1933. This film is neither a remake nor an edited version, but a kind of collage from those hundreds of archival films, all were silent. Monnikendam re-arranged the images and provided them with a new sound frame, consisting of songs, chantings and poems, in Indonesian, Old Javanese, and Sundanese. This new composition is not just creative but also quite provocative. With this arrangement the cineast wanted to show that there was something not quite right with colonialism. Through the new composition of images and the sound framing we can observe the power relation between the colonizer and the colonized. There are contrasts between the colonial and the colonized, literally as well as metaphorically. These contrasts raised some questions about the colonial discourse."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyajikan Serat Baron Sakendher (SBS) dalam kaitan dengan negosiasi wacana kolonial di Jawa pada abad XIX. Korpus penelitian ini berupa naskah SBS yang tersimpan di beberapa tempat penyimpanan naskah di dalam dan luar negeri. Kajian difokuskan pada penyajian suntingan teks SBS dan menjelaskan bentuk wacana kolonial di Jawa pada abad XIX yang ada di dalam teks. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian tersebut dilakukan tinjauan aspek naskah dan teks. Analisis teks ditekankan pada wacana kolonial dengan berpijak pada pemikiran Michel Foucault dengan mendalami ide, konsep, narasi budaya, dan genealogi kolonial yang dibangun dalam cerita Baron Sakendher. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan filologi, wacana, dan hegemoni. Aspek yang dikaji meliputi filologi dan teks SBS. Hasil penelitian yang didasarkan pada kelengkapan isi cerita, jumlah pupuh dan pada tembang macapat menunjukkan bahwa naskah SBS terdiri atas tiga kelompok naskah, yakni naskah kelompok I, naskah kelompok II, dan naskah kelompok III. Berkaitan dengan itu, digunakan metode landasan untuk menyajikan teks, yakni naskah C. Suntingan dan terjemahan teks disajikan dengan menerapkan metode kritik pada perbaikan bacaan dan penambahan kata. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerita SBS dihadirkan menjadi bagian Babad Tanah Jawi (BTJ). Di tengah narasi genealogi dan mistik penguasa Jawa, cerita Baron Sakendher digunakan untuk meredam konflik horizontal pasca-Perang Jawa 1830. Naskah SBS menjadi bagian babad sebagai bentuk respons penguasa Jawa untuk meredam permusuhan sekaligus menciptakan kontrol sosial baru atas rakyat. Keberadaan kolonial dilesapkan dalam cerita secara halus untuk dapat diterima oleh pembaca dan pendengar Jawa tanpa kekerasan. Kolonial Belanda difigurkan melalui tokoh Baron Sakendher yang hadir di Jawa sebagai pedagang dan mitra rakyat Jawa, bukan penjajah sebagaimana aslinya. Narasi abdi Raja Mataram menjadi kekuatan kultural yang berkorelasi dengan genealogi Baron Sakendher yang lebih rendah dari Raja Jawa, menjadi kunci penundukan rakyat dengan konsep mangku.

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This study aims to serves Serat Baron Sakendher (SBS) in its relation to the legitimacy of colonial discourse in Java during the XIX century. Its corpus is SBS kept both in domestic and foreign manuscript repositories. The study is focused on presenting the SBS text edition and explaining the forms of colonial discourse in Java in the XIX century as the selected text depicts. Manuscript and textual reviews were done to answer research problems. Text analysis emphasized colonial discourse based on Michel Foucault’s thoughts, specifically by drawing on the ideas, concepts, cultural narratives, and colonial genealogy constructed in the story of Baron Sakendher. This study used some approaches, namely philology, discourse, and hegemony. The examined aspects of the manuscript include philology and SBS text itself. Based on the completeness of the story and the number of pupuh and macapat, it is revealed that the SBS manuscript consists of three categories, namely group I, group II, and group III. In this regard, the fundamental method is used to present the text edition, namely manuscript C. Text editing and translation are presented by applying critical methods on reading improvement and word addition. The findings point out that the story of SBS is presented as part of the Babad Tanah Jawi (BTJ). Amidst the genealogical and mystical narration of Javanese rulers, the story of Baron Sakendher is used to suppress horizontal conflicts following the Java War of 1830. The SBS manuscript becomes a part of the babad as a form of the Javanese rulers' response to suppress hostilities while creating new social control over the people. The presence of the colonial power is subtly embedded in the story to be accepted by Javanese readers and listeners without violence. The Dutch colonial power is figuratively depicted through the character of Baron Sakendher, who appeared in Java as a trader and a partner of the Javanese people, rather than as a conqueror as originally known. The narrative of the servants of the Mataram King becomes a cultural force correlated with the genealogy of Baron Sakendher, who was of lower rank than the Javanese King, becoming the key to subjugating the people with the concept of "mangku"."

"Wacana kolonial merupakan representasi kuasa kolonial yang mempengaruhi konstruksi pandangan dan tindakan individu dalam memposisikan peradaban Barat sebagai superior. Penelitian ini membahas novel berjudul Bandoeng-Bandung karya F. Springer (1993) menggunakan teori orientalisme Edward W. Said tahun 1978. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bagaimana wacana kolonial mempengaruhi pandangan dan tindakan melalui pengalaman tokoh-tokoh dalam novel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan konstruksi wacana kolonial pada tokoh-tokoh yang digambarkan melalui pengalaman masa kolonialisme dalam novel Bandoeng-Bandung. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan poskolonialisme (orientalisme). Poskolonialisme adalah sebuah teori kritis yang ditulis berdasarkan reaksi terhadap kondisi kehidupan yang menggambarkan masa kolonialisme. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh-tokoh dalam novel memiliki pandangan dan tindakan yang memandang peradaban Barat lebih superior dibandingkan peradaban Timur melalui bentuk fisik, kebiasaan, dan pendidikan.

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Colonial discourse is a representation of colonial power that influences the construction of individual views and actions in positioning Western civilization as superior. This research discusses a novel entitled Bandoeng-Bandung by F. Springer (1993) using Edward W. Said's 1978 theory of orientalism. This research shows how colonial discourse influences views and actions through the experiences of the characters in the novel. The purpose of this study is to reveal the construction of colonial discourse on the characters depicted through the experience of colonialism in the novel Bandoeng-Bandung. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a postcolonialism (orientalism) approach. Postcolonialism is a critical theory written based on the reaction to the living conditions depicting the colonialism period. The results show that the characters in the novel have views and actions that view Western civilization as superior to Eastern civilization through physical forms, habits, and education."