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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Toddler period, especially the first two years of life is considered as golden age for children because of their rapid growth and development. Therefore, the occurrence of nutritional disorders in the period can be permanent and irreversible. This study tried to assess correlation between early initiation of breastfeeding and vitamin A with nutritional status. The total of samples analyzed in this study was 1,592 toddlers aged 6-59 months that were drawn from 2015 Indonesia Nutritional Status Monitoring Survey in Bengkulu. Data including age, sex, early initiation of breastfeeding, birth length, birth weight, vitamin A supplementation were collected by using questionnaire. Weight and height of children were obtained through anthropometric measurements. More than half of the toddlers (54.6%) did not get early initiation of breastfeeding. Based on multivariate analysis results, most dominant variables related to weight/age, height/age and weight/height indicators were early initiation of breastfeeding and Vitamin A supplementation. Toddlers who did not get early initiation of breastfeeding are at risk of 1.555 times stunting compared to toddlers who got early initiation of breastfeeding. The most dominant variable related to height/age is vitamin A supplementation. Children who do not get vitamin A supplementation are at risk of stunting 2.402 times compared to children who get vitamin A supplementation.

Abstrak :
Tujuan: Mengetahui efek pemberian suplemen vitamin A penderita DVA dalam meningkatkan fungsi sensitivitas kontras, pemeriksaan sensitivitas kontras dapat menjadi alat deteksi penderita DVA dan perbedaan dosis vitamin A mengakibatkan peningkatan fungsi sensitivitas kontras. Metode: Merupakan penelitian uji klinis tersamar ganda pada anak usia 6-9 tahun yang sudah dapat membaca di desa Suwug Kecamatan Sawan Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Pengambilan subyek penelitian berdasarkan kadar vitamin A serum yang menurun (0.35-<0,70 pmol/lt) dan pemeriksaan sensitivitas kontras (<1,75 log unit). Pemberian suplemen vitamin A dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu dosis 200.000 IU dan 100.000 IU pada hari 1,2,14. Evaluasi kadar serum vitamin A dilakukan pada hari ke-21 dan sensitivitas kontras pada hari ke-8,9, dan 21. Hasil: Sejumlah 36 (19%) anak dari 190 anak SD menderita DVA subklinis dengan sensitivitas kontras menurun. Pemeriksaan sensitivitas kontras sangat sensitive untuk diagnosa DVA subklinis (100%) tetapi tidak begitu spesifik (80,5%). Didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna (p=0,00) antara sensitivitas kontras dengan kadar serum vitamin A dan didapatkan hubungan korelasi yang positif. Efek suplemen vitamin A terhadap kadar serum vitamin A dan sensitivitas kontras bermakna (p=0,00) dan tidak didapatkan perbedaan percepatan peningkatan fungsi sensitivitas kontras antar dua kelompok (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian suplemen vitamin A dapat meningkatkan fungsi sensitivitas kontras, dengan dosis 100.000 IU sudah mencukupi terapi penderita DVA subklinis. Pemeriksaan sensitivitas kontras merupakan alat yang sensitif untuk menditeksi DVA subklinis.

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Purpose: To evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation in increasing contrast sensitivity function of vitamin A deficiency patients. Contrast sensitivity examination can be used as a tool to detect vitamin A deficiency and the vitamin A dose variation can accelerate of sensitivity contrast function increase. Method: The study is double blind clinical trial conducted in elementary school able to read students, aged between 6-9 years old in Suwug village, Sawan, Buleleng, district of Bali. Subject were collected based upon decreased of vitamin A serum level (0,35-<0,70 µmol/lt) and decrease function of contrast sensitivity (<1,75 log unit). The intervention of vitamin A supplementation is divided into 2 doses. 200.000 IU and 100,000 IU in day 1,2 and 14. On day 21 vitamin A serum level were evaluated and contrast sensitivity on day 8,9,21. Result: Thirty six (19%) students from 190 were detected to be subclinical vitamin A deficiency with decreasing contrast sensitivity function. Contrast sensitivity is very sensitive to diagnose subclinical vitamin A deficiency (100%) but quite sensitive (80,5%). There was positive significant correlation (p=0,00) between contrast sensitivity with vitamin A serum level. The effects of vitamin A supplementation on vitamin A serum level and contrast sensitivity were significant (p=0.00). There were no difference in acceleration of contrast sensitivity increase between two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin A supplementation may increase contrast sensitivity function with 100.000 IU dose is enough for subclinical vitamin A deficiency therapy. Contrast sensitivity examination is a sensitive tool to detect subclinical vitamin A deficiency patients.

Abstrak :
Stunting adalah masalah gizi kurang yang terjadi selama periode 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan HPK namun memiliki dampak kepada penurunan kualitas hidup seseorang kedepannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Jakarta Selatan tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan selama bulan April-Juli 2017. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara kuesioner dan didapatkan sampel sebesar 221 anak dari 19 posyandu terpilih yang terdapat pada 6 wilayah puskesmas terpilih di Jakarta Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan prevalensi stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Jakarta Selatan sebesar 13,1. Hasil analisis bivariat mendapat terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara riwayat penyakit infeksi OR=2,249, suplementasi vitamin A OR=5,304, tingkat pendidikan ibu OR=2,446, tingkat pendapatan keluarga OR=2,298, jumlah anggota keluarga OR=2,649, dan urutan kelahiran anak OR=3,125. Selain itu, hasil analisis regresi menemukan bahwa suplementasi vitamin A pada 6 bulan terakhir OR=5,744 merupakan faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Jakarta Selatan tahun 2017 setelah di kontrol variabel minimum meal frequency, riwayat penyakit infeksi, tingkat pendidikan ibu, tingkat pendapatan keluarga, dan urutan kelahiran anak. Peneliti menyarankan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan cakupan imunisasi dan suplementasi vitamin A serta mengedukasi orang tua mengenai praktik pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI yang benar dan lebih mempromosikan mengenai program keluarga berencana. ......Stunting is a malnutrition that occurs during the first 1000 days periode but has an impact to the decline in the quality of human life in the future. This research was aimed to analyze the risk factors of Stunting in children aged 6 ndash 23 months in South Jakarta in 2017. This research used primary data with cross sectional study design conducted during April July 2017. Data were analyzed by chi square test and logistic binary regression. Data collection was done through the Questionnaire interview and obtained a sample of 221 children from 19 selected posyandu in 6 regions selected health centers in South Jakarta. The results showed the prevalence of stunting in children aged 6 23 months in South Jakarta is 13.1. The study found that the risk factors for stunting in children aged 6 ndash 23 months in South Jakarta is infectious disease OR 2,249, vitamin A supplementation OR 5,304, mother rsquo s education OR 2,446, family income OR 2,298, family size OR 2,649, and birth order OR 3,125. In addition, the results of regression analysis found that vitamin A supplementation in the last 6 months OR 5,744 was the dominant factor of the incidence of stunting in children aged 6 23 months in South Jakarta in 2017 after being controlled with minimum meal frequency, infectious disease, mother education, family income, and the order of child birth. Researchers recommend the government to increase coverage of immunization and vitamin A supplementation and to educate parents about breastfeeding practices and proper weaning food and also to promote more about family planning programs.