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Abstrak :
This study is the first to provide a detailed estimation of the hecatomb in terms of number of deaths and life expectancy. The famine of 1933 was alone responsible for the deaths of 2.6 million Ukrainians and reduced male and female life expectancies to 7 and 11 years respectively. Once the crises of the 1930s and 1940s were over, the earlier trend in health resumed and mortality declined steadily until the 1960s. At this point, however, a new type of crisis appeared that caused a sustained reversal in the existing trends. Life expectancy for women stopped increasing altogether, while that for men began a relentless year on year regression. Notwithstanding the confusing picture created by the fluctuations of the 1980s and 1990s, the long-term trend is to further deterioration. To understand the factors involved, this study analyses in detail the combined effects of different causes of death at different ages.​

Abstrak :
Tesis ini membahas Perang Informasi Media Massa Mainstream Eropa dengan studi kasus konflik Ukraina-Rusia tahun 2013-2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan sumber data dari hasil analisa artikel, wawancara ahli media dan perang informasi dan data statistik yang diambil dari situs-situs resmi. Analisa penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori hegemoni, teori agenda setting dan teori sekuritisasi. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media massa mainstream di Eropa saat terjadinya konflik Ukraina-Rusia terlibat dalam perang informasi. Metode perang informasi yang digunakan media Belanda, Perancis, Jerman, Inggris, Georgia adalah ofensif karena konten artikel menyerang Rusia. Ukraina dan Rusia yang terlibat konflik langsung menggunakan metode ofensif dan defensif bertahan . Belarus menggunakan metode ofensif karena informasinya menyudutkan negara-negara Eropa yang menyerang Rusia. Perang Ukraina-Rusia bertransformasi menjadi perang informasi karena dipengaruhi kepentingan politik dan bisnis. Strategi yang digunakan diantaranya propaganda dan manipulasi informasi. ......This thesis elaborates the Information Warfare on Europe's Mainstream Mass Media Case Study Ukraine Russia Conflict year 2013 2017. This research uses qualitative and quantitative methods with sources of data from the articles analysis, experts interviews and statistical data taken from the official websites. The research analysis is using hegemonic theory, agenda setting and securitization theory. From the research results, it can be concluded that the information warfare in mainstream mass media in Europe was occurred during the Ukrainian Russian conflict. The information warfare methods used by the Dutch, French, German, British, Georgian media are offensive because of its article content that is attacking Russia. Ukraine and Russia are involved in direct conflict by using offensive and defensive methods defense. Belarus used the offensive method because its information cornered the European countries that attacked Russia. The Ukrainian Russian war has transformed into an information warfare because of the influence of political and business interests. The strategies used include propaganda and information manipulation.

Abstrak :
Pembekuan konflik adalah suatu fenomena konflik yang tidak bisa terselesaikan secara penuh dan tidak ada kesepakatn damai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa fenomena pembekuan konflik terhadap situasi keamanan di Ukraina Timur. Revolusi Maidan mengakibatkan Ukriana sebagai suatu negara berdaulat mengalami traksi konflik berkepanjangan dengan kekuatan pemberontak bersenjata yang merupakan proxy dari Rusia. Penggunaan pembekuan konflik merupakan salah satu instrument koersif bagi Rusia untuk tetap mengendalikan Ukraina dalam pengaruh kekuasaan hegemoni regionalnya. Studi ini menggunakan metode analisis level sistem internasional yang berdasarkan pada paradigma neorealisme klasik. Hasil dari analisa tersebut kemudian disimpulkan dengan penyebab asal mengapa suatu konflik dapat mengalami pembekuan. ......Frozen conflict is a phenomenon where a conflict cannot be fully resolved, and there is no peaceful agreement to end it. This research aims to analyze the frozen conflict in relation to the security situation in Eastern Ukraine. The Maidan Revolution resulted in Ukraine; as a sovereign state, experiencing the prolonged conflict traction with armed repel forces that serve as proxies for Russia. The use of frozen conflict is one coercive instrument for Russia to maintain control over Ukraine within its regional hegemonic power. This study employs the method of analysis at the international system level based on the classical neorealism paradigm. The analysis results are then concluded with the original causes of why a conflict can evolve to a “freezing” period.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis respon Rusia dalam pembongkaran monumen-monumen Rusia yang dilakukan Ukraina melalui pemberitaan media yang didanai oleh Rusia yaitu Russia Today (RT) yang dianalisis dengan model framing. Selama terjadinya invasi yang dilakukan oleh Rusia kepada Ukraina, media menghasilkan banyak berita dengan beragam kasus mengenai Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina. Pembongkaran empat tokoh monumen Rusia dapat diasumsikan sebagai bentuk Russophobia yang dilakukan oleh otoritas Ukraina di beberapa kota, yaitu Dnepr, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, dan Zhitomir. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis framing Semetko & Valkenburg (2000) didukung dengan lima bentuk frame yang telah diidentifikasi dari penelitian sebelumnya yaitu frame konflik, frame human interest, frame konsekuensi ekonomi, frame moralitas, dan frame tanggung jawab. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah unit-unit berita milik Russia Today (RT) periode 16 Agustus—29 Desember 2022 berbasis bahasa Inggris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Russia Today (RT) secara aktif menggunakan empat frame untuk mendukung pemerintah Rusia dalam mendiskreditkan pemerintah Ukraina dalam menghilangkan simbol-simbol budaya dengan melakukan pembongkaran monumen milik Rusia. ......This study identifies and analyzes Russia's response to the dismantling Russian monuments by Ukraine through media coverage funded by Russia, namely Russia Today (RT), which is analyzed using the framing model. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the media produced much news with various cases regarding the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The demolition of four Russian monument figures is assumed to be a form of Russophobia by the Ukrainian authorities in several cities, namely Dnepr, Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, and Zhytomyr. This study uses Semetko & Valkenburg (2000) framing analysis supported by five forms of frames identified from previous research: conflict, human interest, economic consequence, morality, and responsibility. The data used in this study are from English-based news units owned by Russia Today (RT) for the period August 16—December 29, 2022. The study results show that Russia Today (RT) actively uses four frames to support the Russian Government in discrediting the Ukrainian Government in eliminating cultural symbols by dismantling Russian monuments.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana Rusia memanfaatkan Chechnnya yang merupakan bagian dari Federalismenya sebagai alat dari strategi geopolitik Rusia pada operasi militer ke Ukraina. Pada konflik di Ukraina yang secara geografis tidak jauh dari Chechnya, Rusia menggunakan militer Chechnya sebagai kekuatan tambahan dan psywar pada Operasi Militer ke Ukraina. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan dan deskriptif analitis dengan teori pendukung dari Nicholas J. Spykman mengenai geopolitik. Hipotesis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Rusia memanfaatkan Chechnya sebagai sebuah alat geopolitik dari kekuatan militer dan etnisitasnya guna mengamankan letak secara geografis pada operasi militer ke Ukraina di tahun 2022. ......This research analyzes how Russia utilizes Chechnya which is part of its Federalism as a tool of Russia's geopolitical strategy in military operations to Ukraine. In the conflict in Ukraine which is geographically not far from Chechnya, Russia uses the Chechen military as an additional force and psywar in Military Operations to Ukraine. This study uses the research method of literature study and analytical descriptive with supporting theory from Nicholas J. Spykman regarding geopolitics. The hypothesis of this research shows that Russia is using Chechnya as a geopolitical tool from its military strength and ethnicity to secure its geographical position in a military operation against Ukraine in 2022.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Tesis ini membahas peningkatan kerjasama antara Turki dan Ukraina dalam bidang Industri Pertahanan dan Keamanan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan bentuk deskriptif. Penelitia ini menggunakan konsep teori English School Barry Buzan melalui pendekatan Masyarakat Internasional. Hasil penelitian ini menganalisis kerjasama di bidang industri pertahanan dan keamanan antara Turki dan Ukraina melalui faktor ekonomi, teknologi dan pasar sebagai upaya kedua negara dalam membentuk masyarakat internasional. Dengan terbentuknya masyarakat internasional kedua negara secara bersama dapat menciptakan kestabilan keamanan di kawasannya dan peredaan ketegangan antara Ukraina dan Rusia. Keuntungan melalui kerjasama di bidang industri pertahanan dan keamanan tidak hanya dalam bidang ekonomi namun juga dalam hal teknologi dan pasar

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ABSTRACT
This thesis discusses the enhancement of cooperation between Turkey and Ukraine in the field of Defence and Security Industries. This research is qualitative descriptive form. This study uses the concept theory Barry Buzan English School through the International Society approach. The results of this study to analyze cooperation in the defense industry and security between Turkey and Ukraine through economic factors, technology and the market as the two countries' efforts in shaping the international society. With the formation of the international society the two countries together can create the security stability in the region and easing of tensions between Ukraine and Russia. Advantages through cooperation in the field of security and defense industries not only in the economic field but also in terms of technology and market

Abstrak :
Konflik Rusia-Ukraina telah memberikan dampak yang luas di seluruh dunia. Pasokan dan harga komoditas terpengaruh dan menyebabkan dinamika pada pasar saham. Eropa yang secara geografis berdekatan dan bergantung tehadap komoditas, merasakan dampak yang paling signifikan. Untuk menganalisis respon pasar saham Eropa terhadap komoditas, studi ini menggunakan vektor autoregresi (VAR). Data mencakup periode 24 Agustus 2021 hingga 24 Agustus 2022, enam bulan sebelum dan selama konflik. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan sumber guncangan sebelum dan semasa konflik. Sebelum konflik, pasar saham cenderung tidak merespon guncangan komoditas. Namun, semasa konflik, pasar saham menunjukkan respons terhadap emas, perak, dan gandum. ......The Russia-Ukraine conflict has caused far-reaching impacts around the world. Commodity supply and prices are affected and cause dynamics in the stock market.  Europe, which is geographically adjacent and dependent on commodities, felt the most significant impact. To analyze the European stock market's response to commodities, this study uses vector autoregression (VAR). The data covers the period August 24, 2021 to August 24, 2022, including six months before and during the conflict. The results show that the source of shocks change before and during the conflict. Prior to the conflict, stocks tend not to respond to commodity shocks. However, during the conflict, stock markets showed a response to gold, silver, and wheat.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Intervensi militer Rusia ke Ukraina menandai babak baru dari persaingan geopolitik antara Rusia dengan negara-negara barat. Meskipun tindakan tersebut dikecam oleh dunia internasional, Rusia tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda akan mundur. Sebaliknya, mantan pemimpin Uni Soviet tersebut justru merevisi doktrin militernya dan meningkatkan anggaran militer di tengah krisis ekonomi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor determinan di balik intervensi militer Rusia di Ukraina dengan menggunakan paradigma neoclassical realism. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa intervensi militer Rusia tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh dinamika sistem internasional, tetapi juga serangkaian faktor internal, terutama 1) persepsi pemimpin negara, 2) batasan domestik, serta 3) kepentingan negara.

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ABSTRACT
Russian military intervention in Ukraine marks a new phase of its geopolitical rivalry with the West. Despite being condemned by international world, Russia doesn?t show any wavering signs. Instead, the ex-USSR leader has amended its military doctrine and bolstered its military expenditure amidst economic downturn. This work aims to analyze the determinant factors behind Russian military intervention in Ukraine by employing neoclassical realism framework. This study found that Russian military intervention was not only motivated by international system dynamics, but also by a series of internal factors, notably 1) leader?s perception, 2) domestic constraints, and 3) state interests.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Education has received increased attention within the humanitarian sector. In conflict-affected contexts, access to education may be hampered by attacks against and the military use of educational facilities as well as attacks and threats of attacks against students, teachers and other education-related persons. Affected populations may also find themselves unable to access education, for example due to displacement. This article looks into the different sets of humanitarian responses aimed at (1) ensuring the protection of educational facilities and related persons, mostly through advocacy efforts centred on weapons bearers, and (2) (re-)establishing education services where they are not present or are no longer functioning, mostly through programmes directed at affected populations. It then argues that, in contrast with dominant practices, the protection of education can also be ensured through programmatic responses with meaningful participation of affected communities, and examines the example of the Safer Schools programme in Ukraine.

Abstrak :
Sanksi dari dunia internasional menjadi salah satu ancaman bagi stabilitas politik suatu negara, sehingga dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap legitimasi suatu rezim pemerintahan. Ancaman terhadap stabilitas rezim juga terjadi di Rusia khususnya pasca terjadinya aneksasi Krimea dan invasi Ukraina pada tahun 2014 dan 2022. Kedua invasi ini menyebabkan dunia internasional menjatuhkan sanksi terhadap Rusia yang menargetkan sektor-sektor seperti energi, perbankan, dan industri teknologi militer, sehingga berdampak terhadap performa perekonomiannya. Dampaknya Rusia mengalami krisis ekonomi, sehingga menimbulkan protes dari sebagian masyarakat, termasuk melakukan emigrasi dari negeri tersebut, terutama setelah kebijakan mobilisasi militer terbatas. Akan tetapi situasi politik domestik Rusia cenderung stabil setelah dua gelombang sanksi internasional tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, tugas akhir ini mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi stabilitas politik Rusia di bawah kepemimpinan Presiden Vladimir Putin setelah dijatuhkannya sanksi dunia internasional pasca aneksasi Krimea dan invasi Ukraina pada tahun 2014 dan 2022. ......Sanctions from the international community can threaten the political stability of a country and have a negative impact on the legitimacy of a government regime. Threats to regime stability have also occurred in Russia, particularly after the annexation of Crimea and the invasion of Ukraine in 2014 and 2022. These two invasions caused the international community to impose sanctions on Russia, targeting sectors such as energy, banking, and the military technology industry, thus affecting its economic performance. As a result, Russia experienced an economic crisis, leading to protests from some citizens, including emigration from the country, especially after the policy of partial military mobilization. However, Russia's domestic political situation tends to stabilize after the two waves of international sanctions. By using qualitative methods, this final project identifies the factors that influenced Russia's political stability under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin after the imposition of international sanctions following the annexation of Crimea and the invasion of Ukraine in 2014 and 2022.