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Sylvia
Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Penelitian mengenai efektivitas pengobatan diabetes melitus dan kaitannya dengan pencegahan komplikasi masih menujukkan hasil yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas hipoglikemik dan fungsi ginjal dari sulfonilurea, kombinasi sulfonilurea dan biguanid serta injeksi insulin. Disain penelitian adalah kohort retrospektif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 rawat jalan yang mengkonsumsi obat yang sama selama empat bulan terakhir di RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada kurun waktu April-Juni 2015, dan sudah mendapatkan lulus kaji etik dari Komite Etik rumah sakit ini. Subyek penelitian dibagi kedalam tiga kelompok yaitu yang menggunakan injeksi insulin (n = 30), yang menggunakan obat sulfonilurea tunggal (n = 30), dan kombinasi sulfonilurea dan biguanid (n = 45). Efektivitas hipoglikemik dilihat dari nilai HbA1C pasien dan komplikasi nefropati diabetik dilihat dari nilai eLFG yang dihitung dari angka serum kreatinin. Rerata usia keseluruhan pasien adalah 54,98±7,47, sebagian besar adalah wanita (72%) dan cenderung overweight (rerata IMT 25,47±4,77). Ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p = 0,042 ) pada nilai HbA1C pasien kelompok kombinasi sulfonilurea-biguanid (rerata HbA1C 7,28±0,09) dibandingkan dengan kelompok insulin (rerata HbA1C 8,10±0,09), sementara dengan kelompok sulfonilurea tunggal tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna. Sedangkan nilai eLFG untuk setiap kelompok obat tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna. Subyek yang memiliki riwayat diabetes melitus dalam keluarga mempunyai peluang 4,512 kali (interval kepercayaan 95%, p = 0,010) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan yang tidak memiliki riwayat diabetes dalam keluarga untuk memiliki nilai HbA1C lebih dari 7%. Pasien dengan IMT >30 kg/m2 mempunyai peluang sebesar 21,631 (p = 0,012) dibandingkan pasien dengan IMT < 18,5 kg/m2 untuk memiliki nilai HbA1C yang tidak terkontrol atau diatas 7%. Pengobatan dengan kombinasi antidiabetik oral sulfonilurea dan biguanid lebih efektif dalam menurunkan nilai HbA1C pasien DM tipe 2 dibandingkan dengan insulin atau sulfonilurea tunggal, dan tidak ada perubahan bermakna dalam penurunan fungsi ginjal ABSTRACT Research on effectiveness of therapy on diabetes mellitus associated with prevention of its complication still remain varied in results. The hypoglycemic effectiveness and the kidney function were compared between sulfonylurea, sulfonylurea and biguanide combination and insulin, with the retrospective cohort study design, on patients that use those agents in last four months and came to out-patient clinic of RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang. This research had the Ethical Clearance from the Ethical Committee of this hospital. Subjects were classify into three groups, i.e insulin group (n = 30), sulfonylurea group (n = 30) and sulfonylurea and biguanide combination group (n = 45). Hypoglycemic effectiveness is measured with the HbA1C level and diabetic nephrophaty with the eGFR which calculated from the measured serum creatinin. Mean age of all subjects was 54,98±7,47 (p=0,157), most were women (72%, p=0,235), and tend to overweight (mean BMI is 25,49±4,84; p = 0,59). Mean HbA1C level from the sulfonylurea-biguanide (7,28±0,09) group were significantly different (p = 0,042) with those from the insulin group (8,10±0,09), and there was no significant difference with the sulfonylurea group. There was no significant difference in diabetic nephropathy between groups. Subject with diabetic family history has 4,512 times chance to have the HbA1C level > 7% compare to those without diabetic family history. Subjects with BMI >30 kg/m2 have 21,631 times chance to get the HbA1C >7% compare to subjects with BMI <18,5 kg/m2. Sulfonylurea and biguanide combination was more effective compare to insulin or sulfonylurea monotherapy on decreasing HbA1C level of type 2 DM patients, without significant difference in effect of lowering kidney functionH;Research on effectiveness of therapy on diabetes mellitus associated with prevention of its complication still remain varied in results. The hypoglycemic effectiveness and the kidney function were compared between sulfonylurea, sulfonylurea and biguanide combination and insulin, with the retrospective cohort study design, on patients that use those agents in last four months and came to out-patient clinic of RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang. This research had the Ethical Clearance from the Ethical Committee of this hospital. Subjects were classify into three groups, i.e insulin group (n = 30), sulfonylurea group (n = 30) and sulfonylurea and biguanide combination group (n = 45). Hypoglycemic effectiveness is measured with the HbA1C level and diabetic nephrophaty with the eGFR which calculated from the measured serum creatinin. Mean age of all subjects was 54,98±7,47 (p=0,157), most were women (72%, p=0,235), and tend to overweight (mean BMI is 25,49±4,84; p = 0,59). Mean HbA1C level from the sulfonylurea-biguanide (7,28±0,09) group were significantly different (p = 0,042) with those from the insulin group (8,10±0,09), and there was no significant difference with the sulfonylurea group. There was no significant difference in diabetic nephropathy between groups. Subject with diabetic family history has 4,512 times chance to have the HbA1C level > 7% compare to those without diabetic family history. Subjects with BMI >30 kg/m2 have 21,631 times chance to get the HbA1C >7% compare to subjects with BMI <18,5 kg/m2. Sulfonylurea and biguanide combination was more effective compare to insulin or sulfonylurea monotherapy on decreasing HbA1C level of type 2 DM patients, without significant difference in effect of lowering kidney functionH;Research on effectiveness of therapy on diabetes mellitus associated with prevention of its complication still remain varied in results. The hypoglycemic effectiveness and the kidney function were compared between sulfonylurea, sulfonylurea and biguanide combination and insulin, with the retrospective cohort study design, on patients that use those agents in last four months and came to out-patient clinic of RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang. This research had the Ethical Clearance from the Ethical Committee of this hospital. Subjects were classify into three groups, i.e insulin group (n = 30), sulfonylurea group (n = 30) and sulfonylurea and biguanide combination group (n = 45). Hypoglycemic effectiveness is measured with the HbA1C level and diabetic nephrophaty with the eGFR which calculated from the measured serum creatinin. Mean age of all subjects was 54,98±7,47 (p=0,157), most were women (72%, p=0,235), and tend to overweight (mean BMI is 25,49±4,84; p = 0,59). Mean HbA1C level from the sulfonylurea-biguanide (7,28±0,09) group were significantly different (p = 0,042) with those from the insulin group (8,10±0,09), and there was no significant difference with the sulfonylurea group. There was no significant difference in diabetic nephropathy between groups. Subject with diabetic family history has 4,512 times chance to have the HbA1C level > 7% compare to those without diabetic family history. Subjects with BMI >30 kg/m2 have 21,631 times chance to get the HbA1C >7% compare to subjects with BMI <18,5 kg/m2. Sulfonylurea and biguanide combination was more effective compare to insulin or sulfonylurea monotherapy on decreasing HbA1C level of type 2 DM patients, without significant difference in effect of lowering kidney functionH;Research on effectiveness of therapy on diabetes mellitus associated with prevention of its complication still remain varied in results. The hypoglycemic effectiveness and the kidney function were compared between sulfonylurea, sulfonylurea and biguanide combination and insulin, with the retrospective cohort study design, on patients that use those agents in last four months and came to out-patient clinic of RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang. This research had the Ethical Clearance from the Ethical Committee of this hospital. Subjects were classify into three groups, i.e insulin group (n = 30), sulfonylurea group (n = 30) and sulfonylurea and biguanide combination group (n = 45). Hypoglycemic effectiveness is measured with the HbA1C level and diabetic nephrophaty with the eGFR which calculated from the measured serum creatinin. Mean age of all subjects was 54,98±7,47 (p=0,157), most were women (72%, p=0,235), and tend to overweight (mean BMI is 25,49±4,84; p = 0,59). Mean HbA1C level from the sulfonylurea-biguanide (7,28±0,09) group were significantly different (p = 0,042) with those from the insulin group (8,10±0,09), and there was no significant difference with the sulfonylurea group. There was no significant difference in diabetic nephropathy between groups. Subject with diabetic family history has 4,512 times chance to have the HbA1C level > 7% compare to those without diabetic family history. Subjects with BMI >30 kg/m2 have 21,631 times chance to get the HbA1C >7% compare to subjects with BMI <18,5 kg/m2. Sulfonylurea and biguanide combination was more effective compare to insulin or sulfonylurea monotherapy on decreasing HbA1C level of type 2 DM patients, without significant difference in effect of lowering kidney functionH, Research on effectiveness of therapy on diabetes mellitus associated with prevention of its complication still remain varied in results. The hypoglycemic effectiveness and the kidney function were compared between sulfonylurea, sulfonylurea and biguanide combination and insulin, with the retrospective cohort study design, on patients that use those agents in last four months and came to out-patient clinic of RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang. This research had the Ethical Clearance from the Ethical Committee of this hospital. Subjects were classify into three groups, i.e insulin group (n = 30), sulfonylurea group (n = 30) and sulfonylurea and biguanide combination group (n = 45). Hypoglycemic effectiveness is measured with the HbA1C level and diabetic nephrophaty with the eGFR which calculated from the measured serum creatinin. Mean age of all subjects was 54,98±7,47 (p=0,157), most were women (72%, p=0,235), and tend to overweight (mean BMI is 25,49±4,84; p = 0,59). Mean HbA1C level from the sulfonylurea-biguanide (7,28±0,09) group were significantly different (p = 0,042) with those from the insulin group (8,10±0,09), and there was no significant difference with the sulfonylurea group. There was no significant difference in diabetic nephropathy between groups. Subject with diabetic family history has 4,512 times chance to have the HbA1C level > 7% compare to those without diabetic family history. Subjects with BMI >30 kg/m2 have 21,631 times chance to get the HbA1C >7% compare to subjects with BMI <18,5 kg/m2. Sulfonylurea and biguanide combination was more effective compare to insulin or sulfonylurea monotherapy on decreasing HbA1C level of type 2 DM patients, without significant difference in effect of lowering kidney functionH]
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T42968
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Chici Pratiwi
Abstrak :
Latar Belakang. Hipoglikemia merupakan komplikasi penting dan berbahaya yang seringkali terjadi pada pasien diabetes yang menjalani rawat jalan ataupun rawat inap. Hipoglikemia yang terjadi selama perawatan dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, baik itu faktor internal pasien atau faktor institusional. Tujuan. Mengetahui insidens kejadian hipoglikemia dalam perawatan, mengetahui hubungan antara faktor internal pasien dan faktor institusional dengan kejadian hipoglikemia pada perawatan, dan mengetahui luaran dari kejadian hipoglikemia dalam perawata, yaitu mortalitas dan pemanjangan lama rawat. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kohort retrospektif dengan mengolah data sekunder rekam medik 477 pasien diabetes yang menjalani perawatan di RSUP Fatmawati sejak Januari 2016 hingga Desember 2018. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji fisher untuk data yang berskala nominal, dan uji mann-whitney untuk data dengan skala numerik. Selanjutnya, untuk variabel independen dengan nilai p<0,25 diikut sertakan dalam analisa multivariat regresi logistik. Hasil Pada penelitian ini didapatkan insidens kejadian hipoglikemia dalam perawatan mencapai 17% dan 7,4% diantaranya merupakan kejadian hipoglikemia berat. Setelah dilakukan analisa multivariat, faktor yang berperan terhadap kejadian hipoglikemia adalah terapi hiperglikemia, asupan nutrisi yang tidak adekuat, dan riwayat hipoglikemia sebelumnya. Median lama rawat ditemukan lebih panjang pada pasien yang mengalami hipoglikemia dalam perawatan (13 (1-58) vs 7 (1-48), p <0,001). Mortalitas ditemukan pada 16% kelompok pasien hipoglikemia dan pada 10,9% kelompok pasien yang tidak mengalami kejadian hipoglikemia (p=0,18). Kesimpulan Kejadian hipoglikemia dalam perawatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor terapi hiperglikemia menggunakan insulin dan/atau sulfonilurea, asupan nutrisi yang tidak adekuat, serta riwayat hipoglikemia sebelumnya. ......Background. Hypoglycemia is an important and harmful complication that often occurs in inpatient and outpatient settings. Hypoglycemia during hospitalization may arise from various risk factors, either from patients’ internal factors or institutional factors. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of inpatient hypoglycemia, and its association with patients’ internal factors and institutional factors. We also assessed mortality and length of stay as the outcomes of inpatient hypoglycemia. Methods. We performed a cohort retrospective study of 477 patients with diabetes that were hospitalized during January 2016- December 2018 in Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. In this study we used chi-square and fisher test to do bivariate analysis for nominal scale variables, and for numerical variables we used mann-whitney test to get the relative risks. Independent variables with p values <0.25, will be furthered analyzed using logistic regression multivariate analysis to get the odds ratio. Result. The incidence of inpatient hypoglycemia was 17% with 7.4% of them were severe hypoglycemia. After performing multivariate analysis, we found that the risk factors of inpatient hypoglycemia were hyperglycemia therapy administered, inadequate daily nutritional intake, and previous history of hypoglycemia. The median length of stay was found longer in hypoglycemic subjects (13 (1-58) vs 7 (1-48), p <0,001). The mortality rate was higher in subjets with hypoglycemia, but was not statistically significant (16% vs 10,9%, p=0,18). Conclusion. the incidence of inpatient hypoglycemia may be affected by several risk factors such as, hyperglycemia therapy administered, inadequate daily nutritional intake, and previous history of hypoglycemia.
Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2021
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fitriani Syawalia Naisya Buri
Abstrak :
Obesitas dan resistensi insulin pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dapat menyebabkan hiperlipidemia dan komplikasi pada sistem kardiovaskular. Metformin digunakan sebagai lini pertama terapi diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan dapat diberikan secara tunggal maupun kombinasi dengan golongan sulfonilurea. Namun beberapa studi menyatakan adanya peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular pada penggunaan terapi kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea sedangkan penggunaan terapi kombinasi ini cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengunaan terapi metformin maupun terapi kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea terhadap profil lipid pasien DM tipe 2 yang berkaitan erat dengan penyakit kardiovaskular. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yakni consecutive sampling. Seluruh subjek yang diikutsertakan telah mengonsumsi metformin n=38 atau kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea n=51 selama minimal 1 tahun dan berpuasa selama 8 jam sebelum pengambilan darah untuk pengujian profil lipid. Profil lipid yang terdiri dari kadar kolesterol total, kadar HDL, kadar trigliserida dan kadar LDL diukur dari sampel darah subjek. Alat pengukur profil lipid menggunakan metode enzimatik. Hasil pengujian kolesterol total, kadar HDL, kadar trigliserida dan kadar LDL menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pada kelompok metformin lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok terapi kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea namun tidak menunjukan perbedaan yang bermakna p>0,05 untuk tiap komponen yang diukur. Maka dari itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metformin dapat menghasilkan profil lipid yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan terapi kombinasi metformin sulfonilurea, meskipun tidak berbeda secara statistik.
Obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients can cause hyperlipidemia and complications in the cardiovascular system. Metformin is used as a first line therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus and can be administered only or in combination with sulfonylurea group. However, some studies suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the use of combination metformin sulfonylurea therapy while the use of combination therapy is quite high. This study conducted to determine the effect of metformin therapy and metformin sulfonylurea combination therapy on lipid profile of type 2 DM patients which relate to cardiovascular disease. The study design was cross sectional with sampling technique is consecutive sampling. All subjects who were enrolled had taken metformin n 38 or a combination of metformin sulfonylurea n 51 for at least 1 year and fasted for 8 hours prior to blood sampling for lipid profile testing. Lipid profile consisting of total cholesterol level, HDL level, triglyceride level and LDL level were measured from blood samples of the subjects. Lipid profile was analyzed by enzymatic methods. Results of total cholesterol, HDL levels, triglyceride levels and LDL levels testing showed that the average in the metformin group was better than the metformin sulfonylurea combination therapy group but did not show a significant difference p 0.05 for each measured component. Therefore it can be concluded that the use of metformin can produce a better lipid profile compared with the use of a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea, although not statistically different.
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2018
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sihotang, Retta C.
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Pemilihan obat antidiabetik oral (OAD) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) dengan penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) sangatlah penting karena sebagian besar OAD diekskresikan melalui ginjal sehingga diperlukan penyesuaian dosis. Di Indonesia, sulfonilurea (SU) kerja pendek umum dipakai untuk pengelolaan DMT2 dengan PGK. Tinjauan pustaka ini membahas perbandingan efektivitas dan keamanan beberapa jenis SU dengan OAD lainnya pada pasien DMT2 dengan PGK. Golongan obat yang dievaluasi adalah SU, tiazolidindion (TZD), penghambat DPP-IV, dan penghambat SGLT-2. Sulfonilurea kerja pendek (gliklazid dan glipizid) dan penghambat SGLT-2 (empaglifozin dan canaglifozin) dapat menghambat progresi PGK pada DMT2. Pioglitazon dan sitagliptin dikaitkan dengan progresi PGK yang lebih tinggi, sementara linagliptin berefek netral terhadap perburukan PGK. Namun, sitagliptin dan linagliptin memiliki risiko lebih rendah dalam menyebabkan hipoglikemia dibandingkan SU kerja pendek. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan OAD golongan SU kerja pendek, seperti gliklazid dan glipizid masih dapat menjadi pilihan utama untuk pengelolaan glukosa darah pada pasien DMT2 dengan PGK di Indonesia.
Jakarta: Bidang Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia, 2018
610 JPDI 5:3 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Abu Rachman
Abstrak :
Obat antidiabetes yang paling banyak diresepkan di Puskesmas Indonesia adalah metformin atau kombinasi metformin dan sulfonilurea. Studi tentang metformin telah menunjukkan berbagai dampak penurunan kognitif pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2, sedangkan sulfonilurea telah terbukti mengurangi dampak ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dampak metformin dan metformin-sulfonilurea pada fungsi kognitif dan menentukan faktor apa yang mempengaruhinya. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu dengan melibatkan 142 pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang mengonsumsi metformin atau metformin-sulfonilurea selama >6 bulan dan usia >36 tahun. Fungsi kognitif dinilai menggunakan kuesioner Montreal Cognitive Assessment versi bahasa Indonesia. Efek dari metformin dan metformin-sulfonylurea pada penurunan kognitif tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan, bahkan setelah mengontrol kovariat (aOR = 1,096; 95% CI =  13.008px;">0,523–2,297; nilai-p = 0,808). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan usia (OR = 4,131; 95% CI = 1,271–13,428; nilai-p = 0,018) dan pendidikan (OR = 2,746; 95% CI = 1.196–6.305; nilai-p = 0,017) mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif. Pendidikan yang lebih rendah dan usia yang lebih tua cenderung menyebabkan penurunan kognitif, tenaga kesehatan didorong untuk bekerja sama dengan ahli kesehatan masyarakat untuk mengatasi faktor risiko fungsi kognitif ini. ......The most prescribed antidiabetic drugs in Indonesian primary health care are metformin or a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea. Studies on metformin have shown various impacts on cognitive decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whereas sulfonylurea has been shown to reduce this impact. This study aimed to compare the impacts of metformin and metformin-sulfonylurea on cognitive function and determine what factors affected it. This crosssectional study was conducted at Pasar Minggu Primary Health Care involving 142 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients taking metformin or metformin-sulfonylurea for >6 months and aged >36 years. Cognitive function was assessed using the validated Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version. The effects of metformin and metformin-sulfonylurea on cognitive decline showed no significant difference, even after controlling for covariates (aOR = 1.096; 95% CI = 0.523–2.297; p-value = 0.808). Multivariate analysis showed age (OR = 4.131; 95% CI = 1.271–13.428; p-value = 0.018) and education (OR = 2.746; 95% CI = 1.196–6.305; p-value = 0.017) affected cognitive function. Since a lower education and older age are likely to cause cognitive decline, health professionals are encouraged to work with public health experts to address these risk factors for cognitive function.
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2023
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rahmaningtyas Nurifahmi
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Gangguan fungsi ginjal merupakan komplikasi yang sering terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang dapat ditandai oleh senyawa 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan analisis hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a dengan estimasi Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus (eLFG). Sampel yang dianalisis adalah 50 pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSK Dr. Sitanala Tangerang yang terbagi menjadi dua yaitu kelompok sulfonilurea dan kombinasi biguanid-sulfonilurea dengan teknik total sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan metode kohort retrospektif. Nilai eLFG diperoleh berdasarkan kadar kreatinin serum, sedangkan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a diukur dengan metode Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Uji beda dilakukan terhadap nilai eLFG antara kedua kelompok, yaitu Cockroft Gault (p = 0,961), MDRD (p = 0,567), CKD-EPI (p = 0,443), serta pada kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a (p = 0,070). Hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2α dengan nilai eLFG dianalisis pada seluruh sampel (n=48), yaitu Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,329; p = 0,023), MDRD (r = 0,231; p = 0,115) dan CKD-EPI (r = 0,256; p = 0,079). Sehingga, tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai eLFG dan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a di antara kedua kelompok. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a dengan nilai eLFG berdasarkan Cockroft-Gault, namun tidak terdapat hubungan pada nilai eLFG MDRD dan CKD-EPI.
ABSTRACT
Renal dysfunction is a common complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient that can be characterized by 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a compound. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Samples analyzed were 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dr. Sitanala Tangerang Hospital were divided into two groups of sulfonylurea and combination of biguanide-sulfonylurea using total sampling technique. This study was an observasional study using cohort retrospective method. The value of eGFR obtained by serum creatinine levels, while the level of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a measured by the method of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Different test carried out on eGFR values ​​between the two groups, those were Cockroft-Gault (p = 0,961), MDRD (p = 0,567), CKD-EPI (p = 0,443), as well as on the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a (p = 0.070). The correlation between the levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a with eGFR was analyzed on all samples (n=48), those are Cockroft-Gault (r = 0,329; p = 0,023), MDRD (r = 0,231; p = 0,115) and CKD-EPI (r = 0,256; p = 0,079). Thus, there was no difference in eGFR values ​​and levels of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a between the two groups. There was significant correlation between the levels of 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2a and eGFR values were calculated by Cockroft-Gault equation, meanwhile there was no correlation in eGFR values were calculated by MDRD and CKD-EPI equation.
2015
S60238
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rizky Mutiara Mahani
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Stres oksidatif berperan dalam kerusakan fungsi ginjal pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Hingga saat ini belum ada penanda yang dapat mendeteksi kerusakan ginjal sejak awal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kadar hidrogen peroksida pada urin sebagai penanda stres oksidatif dan mengungkap hubungan dengan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus sebagai parameter fungsi ginjal. Kadar hidrogen peroksida urin dan nilai eLFG juga dibandingkan antara dua kelompok pengobatan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengobatan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel keseluruhan sebanyak 84 orang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di puskesmas kecamatan Pasar Minggu. Nilai hidrogen peroksida urin diperoleh dengan pengukuran menggunakan metode Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange 1 (FOX-1) dan dinormalisasi dengan nilai kreatinin urin. Pengukuran kreatinin urin dilakukan dengan metode kinetik Jaffe. Perhitungan nilai eLFG diperoleh dengan 3 tiga rumus yaitu Cockroft-gault, MDRD, dan CKD-EPI. Kadar hidrogen peroksida urinpada dua kelompok pengobatan tidak berbeda bermakna (p = 0,545. Hasil uji beda nilai eLFG pada dua kelompok juga tidak berbeda bermakna (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,677; MDRD p = 0,830; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,548). Hasil analisis hubungan kadar hidrogen peroksida urin dengan ketiga nilai eLFG tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,900 ; MDRD p = 0,842; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,703).
ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress plays a major role in renal dysfunction caused by type 2 diabetes melitus. Up to now, there is no biomarker can be used in early detection of renal dysfunction. This study aims to analyze of urinary hydrogen peroxide concentration as biomarker of oxidative stress and correlated it with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate as parameters of renal function. Urinary hydrogen peroxide and value of eGFR were also compared between the two groups of treatment to find out the effectiveness of treatment in type 2 diabetic patients. Design of this study was cross sectional with 84 sample that was taken in Puskesmas Pasar Minggu. Concentration of urinary hydrogen peroxide were measured with Ferrous ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange 1 (FOX-1) method and normalize with urine creatinine that measured with kinetic Jaffe method. Three formulations used to measure value of eGFR were Cockroft-gault, MDRD, dan CKD-EPI. Concentration of urinary hydrogen peroxide in two groups of treatment have no significant difference (p = 0,545), while value of eGFR also didn?t have significant different (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,677; MDRD p = 0,830; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,548). Results of correlation analysis urinary hydrogen peroxide with eGFR showedno significant correlation (Cockroft-Gault p = 0,900 ; MDRD p = 0,842; dan CKD-EPI p= 0,703).
2016
S64783
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hanifa Aristia
Abstrak :
Komplikasi penyakit ginjal pada pasien diabetes melitus ditandai oleh eksresi albumin secara progresif melalui urin dan penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus. Komplikasi tersebut dapat dicegah atau diperlambat progresivitasnya dengan pemberian terapi antidiabetes. Metformin dan kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea adalah antidiabetes yang sering diberikan kepada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2, terutama di puskesmas. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan urine albumine-to-creatinine ratio UACR dan estimation of glomerular filtration rate eGFR sebagai parameter fungsi ginjal antara dua kelompok pengobatan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan tehnik consecutive sampling. Sebanyak 88 sampel pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan metformin n=37 atau kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea n=51 minimal selama satu tahun berpuasa selama 8 jam sebelum pengambilan urin dan darah untuk analisis UACR dan eGFR. Nilai UACR diperoleh dari perbandingan kadar albumin urin dengan kreatinin urin. Nilai eGFR diperoleh dengan menggunakan persamaan The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration CKD-EPI. Kreatinin serum dan kreatinin urin diukur secara kolorimetri enzimatik sedangkan albumin urin diukur secara imunoturbidimetri. Hasil menunjukan bahwa rata-rata nilai eGFR kelompok metformin dan kelompok kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea berada pada kategori yang sama yaitu 60-89 mL/menit/1,73 m2 meskipun rata-rata nilai eGFR pada kelompok metformin lebih rendah daripada kelompok kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea. Nilai UACR pada kelompok metformin lebih rendah daripada kelompok kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea tetapi tidak menunjukan adanya perbedaan bermakna p>0,05. ...... Complication of renal disease in diabetes melitus patient is characterized by progressive urinary albumin excretion and decreased glomerular filtration. The complication could be prevented or slowed down by theraphy antidiabetic. Metformin and sulphonylurea is the most comonly drugs prescribed as antidiabetic theraphy especially at public health centre. This study aimed to comparing urine albumin to creatinine ratio UACR and estimation of glomerular filtration rate eGFR as paramter of renal function between two type of theraphy on diabetes mellitus type 2 patient Design of this study was cross sectional and consecutive sampling method. A total of 88 samples of diabetes mellitus type 2 patient who was enrolled had taken metformin n 37 or combination of metformin sulphonylurea n 51 for at least one year fasted for 8 hours prior to urine and blood collection for UACR and eGFR analysis. UACR value was obtained from comparison of urine albumin with urine creatinine concentration. The value of eGFR was obtained using The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration CKD EPI equation. Serum creatinine and urine creatinine was measured by colorimetric enzymatic assay meanwhile urine albumin was measured by immunoturbidimetry. The result showed the average eGFR value in two groups were in the same category 60 89 mL menit 1,73 m2 although eGFR value average in metformin group lower than combination metformin sulphonylurea group. UACR in metformin group was lower than combination metformin sulphonylurea group but didn rsquo t show a significant different p 0,05.
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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Fitriyani
Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 diketahui sebagai salah satu masalah kesehatan yang memberikan beban ekonomi yang cukup besar pada sistem pelayanan kesehatan di seluruh dunia. Bervariasinya penggunaan terapi obat akan mengakibatkan adanya perbedaan dalam efektivitas dan biaya terapi, sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis efektivitas-biaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas-biaya terapi kombinasi metformin-insulin dan metformin-sulfonilurea pada pasien rawat jalan dengan DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kohort, pengambilan data dilakukan secara retrospektif di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo menggunakan rekam medik pasien rawat jalan dengan DM tipe 2 dari tahun 2016-2019 dan data billing rumah sakit. Efektivitas terapi (∆HbA1c) dan biaya medis langsung antara kedua kelompok dibandingkan. ∆HbA1c antara kelompok metformin-insulin dan kelompok metformin-sulfonilurea tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (rerata perbedaan 0,123%; p=0,608). Sedangkan median biaya medis langsung kelompok metformin-insulin lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok metformin-sulfonilurea (p < 0,001). Hasil analisis efektivitas-biaya menunjukkan bahwa terapi kombinasi metformin-sulfonilurea lebih cost-effective dibandingkan kombinasi metformin-insulin.
ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been recognized as one of the health problems that imposes economic costs to health care systems around the world. Variation of drug therapy will result in differences in effectiveness and cost of therapy, thus cost-effectiveness analysis has been regarded paramount. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost-effectiveness of metformin-insulin and metformin-sulfonylurea combination therapy in outpatients with type 2 DM. This cohort study was conducted retrospectively at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo using medical records of outpatients with type 2 DM from 2016-2019 and hospital billing. The effectiveness of therapy (∆HbA1c) and direct medical costs between the two groups were compared. ∆HbA1c between the metformin-insulin group and the metformin-sulfonylurea group did not have statistically significant differences (mean difference 0,123%; p=0,608). While the median of direct medical costs of the metformin-insulin group was higher than metformin-sulfonylurea group (p < 0.001). The results of the cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the combination therapy of metformin-sulfonylurea was more cost-effective compared to the combination of metformin-insulin.
2019
T55097
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Liza Rastiti
Abstrak :
Kadar HbA1c sebagai parameter keberhasilan terapi pasien Diabetes Melitus DM dipengaruhi oleh berbagai hal. Pasien DM tipe 2 yang fungsi ginjalnya menurun sering kali diberi vitamin B12. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar HbA1c pasien yang menggunakan vitamin B12. Metode penelitian adalah potong lintang. Sampel adalah rekam medis pasien rawat jalan yang menderita DM tipe 2 di RS Pasar Rebo, periode Mei-November 2015 di Jakarta yang menerima vitamin B12 dan menjalani pemeriksaan kadar HbA1c. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Kai Kuadrat. Jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria sebanyak 42 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi klinis pasien dan penggunaan obat tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar HbA1c. Kondisi klinis pasien yang dianalisis ialah usia, jenis kelamin, penyakit ginjal kronik, hipertensi, hiperlipid, dan gout. Penggunaan obat yang dianalisis adalah pemakaian metformin, sulfonilurea, akarbosa, dan pioglitazon HCl. ...... HbA1c levels as parameters of the success for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus DM was influenced by many things. Type 2 diabetes patients whose kidney function decline often given vitamin B12. This study was aimed to evaluate the factors affecting HbA1c levels of patients who use vitamin B12. The method was a cross sectional study. Samples were outpatient medical records of patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes in Pasar Rebo Hospital, the period from May to November 2015 in Jakarta who received vitamin B12, and undergo HbA1c levels. Data analysis was done by Kai Squares. The number of samples that meet the criteria as much as 42 people. The results shown that patient 39 s clinical condition and use of the drug was not have a significant effect on HbA1c levels. The clinical condition of patients analyzed were the age, sex, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hiperlipid, and gout. The use of drugs analyzed were the use of metformin, sulfonylurea, akarbosa, and pioglitazone HCl.
Depok: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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