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"The capability of a national to solve the problem and, at the same time, to gain development can be seen at the effort to create a stable and strong government, so that it can work effectively. Any government system's user always strives for creating that condition by developing political power's ruler of majority, by means of using Majority General System Election and Strategic Coalition. This paper will discuss the effort how to combine the creation of Majority General System Election with strategic Coalition in order to create a stable and strong government."

"Latar Belakang. Indeks Glikemik (IG) diketahui berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular, semakin tinggi IG semakin tinggi kejadian penyakit kardiovaskular. Highly Sensitivity-CRP (hs-CRP) merupakan pemeriksaan yang digunakan untuk menilai faktor risiko PIK. Semakin tinggi hs-CRP semakin besar risiko terjadinya Acute heart Disease. Indeks Glikemik diketahui berhubungan positif dengan hs-CRP. Saat ini di Indonesia belum ada penelitian yang menghubungkan IG, hs-CRP dan PIK.Tujuan. Diketahuinya nilai dan rerata IG dan hs-CRP pada penderita PIK, serta melihat ada tidaknya korelasi antara IG, hs-CRP dan pada penderita PJK. Metodologi. Studi pendahuluan dan potong lintang dilakukan pada 14 penderita PIK jenis angina pectoris stabil yang datang berobat di poliklinik Kardiologi RSCM. Kemudian dilakukan diagnosa PJK dengan Treadmill, pemeriksaan hs-CRP dan kemudian wawancara gizi dengan Food Frequency Quesioner yang menggambarkan pola diet penderita untuk mendapatkan nilai IG.Hasil. Didapatkan rerata IG 80,96 (tinggi), rerata hs-CRP 1,88 mg/L, serta korelasi positif antara IG dan hs-CRP. Nilai korelasi antara IG dan hs-CRP adalah 0,682 dengan kemaknaan statistik 0,007.Simpulan. Didapatkan rerata IG dan hs-CRP yang tinggi serta korelasi positif antara IG dan hs-CRP pada penderita PJK.

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Background. Glycemic Index (GI) significantly correlated with cardiovascular disease, especially Coronary Arterial Disease (CAD). High Sensitivity-CRP is a marker to predict the risk of Cardiovascular Disease and the higher hs-CRP the higher risk of CAD. Glycemic Index has been known to have a positive correlation with hs-CRP. There was no research in Indonesia, which was trying to see the correlation between IG, hs-CRP and CAD.

Objectives. To get an average value of GI and hs-CRP and to know if there is a correlation between GI and hs-CRP in CAD patient.

Methods. A cross sectional study was done to this research. Fifteen CAD patients especially stable chronic angina which already diagnose with treadmill were examined their blood and then filled form of FFQ to see their GI pattern.

Results. The average result of GI was 80.96 (high) and average result of hs-CRP was 1.88 mg/L. There was a positive correlation between GI and hs-CRP in-patient with CAD in this research.

Conclusions. There was a high average value of GI and hs-CRP in-patient with CAD. There was a positive correlation between GI and hs-CRP in CAD patient."

"Latar Belakang : PJK disebabkan adanya stenosis pembuluh koroner akibat adanya proses aterosklerosis. Aterosklerosis berhubungan dengan penebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis komunis. Penebalan tunika intima media terjadi akibat kondisi inflamasi sebagai konsekuensi peningkatan sekresi sitokin proinflamasi.Tujuan : Mengetahui gambaran ketebalan tunika intima media pada pasien PJK stabil dan korelasinya dengan derajat stenosis arteri koroner.Metode : Dilakukan studi potong lintang pada lima puluh enam pasien PJK stabil yang telah menjalani angiografi koroner. Derajat stenosis arteri koroner dinilai dengan skor Gensini > 40 berat dan le; 40 ringan-sedang . Ketebalan tunika intima media arteri karotis komunis dinilai menggunakan alat USG dan dinyatakan tidak normal jika rerata ketebalannya ge;1mm. Dilakukan analisa statistik untuk melihat korelasi antara tebal tunika intima arteri karotis komunis dengan skor Gensini arteri koroner.Hasil : Didapatkan rerata Tebal Tunika Intima-Media Arteri Karotis Komunis TTIM AKK gabungan sebesar 0,95 mm SB 0,18 . Nilai median skor gensini adalah 71 kisaran 0-256 . Uji spearman correlation menunjukan hasil korelasi bermakna antara derajat beratnya skor Gensini dan TTIM AKK dengan p.

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Background Coronary heart disease CHD is caused by stenosis of coronary artery as the effect of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis has a correlation with the thicken of intimal media of common carotid artery. The thicken of intimal media of common carotid artery happened because of inflammatory process which is a consequencies of increased proinflammatory cytokines.Objective To determine the correlation between Intimal media thickness IMT with the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patient with stable CHDMethod A cross sectional study was conducted on fifty six stable CHD patient undergoing coronary angiography. Severity of coronary artery stenosis was evaluated using Gensini scoring system 40 severe and le 40 mild moderate. IMT was measured using USG and determined as abnormal if the mean of IMT ge 1mm. Statistical analytic was perform to determine the correlation between CCA IMT with Gensini score of coronary artery.Results Mean value of combined IMT of common carotid artery IMT CCA was 0.95mm SD 0,18. The median value of Gensini score was 71 range 0 256. The Spearman correlation Test showed a significant correlation between Gensini score severity with IMT CCA p."

"Pemberian rekomendasi fit to fly setelah dilakukan tindakan bedah refraktif fakoemulsifikasi pada pilot yang mengalami katarak berdasarkan protocol Civil Aviation Safety Regulations CASR 67 KP 303 tahun 2012 diberikan setelah 2 bulan pascabedah. Saat ini dengan kemajuan teknologi dan modifikasi teknik, kestabilan tajam penglihatan pascabedah dapat lebih cepat dicapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan masukkan dalam hal perubahan kebijakan lama masa unfit penerbang dengan katarak yang dilakukan tindakan bedah refraktif fakoemulsifikasi. Agar penerbang yang tajam penglihatannya sudah stabil dan sudah memenuhi kriteria fit to fly dapat secepatnya kembali bertugas guna mengurangi loss of work. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain kohort retrospektif. Data diambil dari rekam medis, dilakukan perbandingan best corrected visual acuity BCVA dalam satuan desimal praoperasi, hari pertama, serta minggu pertama, kedua, keempat, dan kedelapan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total sampling, didapatkan 16 rekam medis yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Seluruh sampel berjenis kelamin laki-laki 100 berusia 59 ndash; 61 tahun. BCVA didapatkan berbeda bermakna pada hari pertama pascabedah yang dibandingkan dengan prabedah p

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According to Civil Aviation Safety Regulations CASR protocol 67 KP 303 in 2012, fit to fly recommendation after refractive phacoemulsification surgery performed on pilots with cataractswas given 2 months postoperatively. Nowadays with technological advances and technique modifications, the visual acuity stability postoperative can be more quickly achieved. This study aims to provide insight in terms to change the old policy of unfit period for pilots with cataracts performed phacoemulsification refractive surgery. It aims to reduce the loss of work so the aviators who visual acuity has been stable and already meet the criteria fit to fly can quickly return to serve. This study is a quantitative study with a retrospective cohort design. Data were taken from medical records, then we compared best corrected visual acuity BCVA in decimal preoperative, first day, and first, second, fourth and eighth week. Sampling was done by total sampling method, we got 16 medical records that match inclusion and exclusion criteria. All samples of male sex 100 aged 59 - 61 years. BCVA was found to differ significantly on the first postoperative day compared with preoperative p "

"Pembuatan Stable Cell Line sendiri membutuhkan proses pengantaran materi genetik untuk mencapai tahap ekspresi gen rekombinan secara berkelanjutan. Metode ini menggunakan transfeksi untuk membantu mencapai tahapan tersebut. Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN) Indonesia telah berhasil membuat konstruksi plasmid rekombinan pengekspresi protein Spike SARS-CoV-2. Namun, belum dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait penggunaan konstruksi plasmid rekombinan tersebut. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memvalidasi ekspresi protein rekombinan dari plasmid rekombinan pengekspresi Spike SARS-CoV-2 yang akan digunakan dalam pembuatan Stable Cell Line pada galur sel mamalia 293T. Validasi ekspresi dari empat protein SARS-CoV-2 (Spike Full, Subunit S1, Subunit S2, dan Receptor Binding Domain) dilakukan melalui metode Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) dan Western Blot (WB). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dari empat ragam protein (Spike Full, Subunit S1, Subunit S2, dan Receptor Binding Domain) terbukti fungsional secara ekspresi dan sesuai dengan ukuran protein yang sesuai. Uji IFA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua nilai rata-rata Corrected Total Cell Fluorescence (CTCF) yang unggul yaitu pada protein Spike Full dan Subunit S2 (118.813 dan 264.159 CTCF) sel pasca transfeksi yang menandakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kemampuan ekspresi dari masing-masing protein. Uji western blot telah membuktikan dua protein (Spike Full dan Subunit S2) memiliki ukuran molekul yang sesuai (142,5 dan 66,0 kDa). Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa plasmid rekombinan yang dikonstruksi oleh BRIN terbukti fungsional dan dapat dilanjutkan ke dalam penggunaannya untuk pembuatan Stable Cell Line.

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Making a Stable Cell Line requires a process of delivering genetic material to reach the continuous recombinant gene expression stage. This method uses transfection to help achieve this stage. The National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) has successfully constructed a recombinant plasmid expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. However, no further research has been carried out regarding using these recombinant plasmid constructs. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the expression of recombinant proteins from the SARS-CoV-2 Spike-expressing recombinant plasmid to manufacture Stable Cell Line in mammalian cell line 293T. Validation of the expression of four SARS-CoV-2 proteins (Spike Full, Subunit S1, Subunit S2, and Receptor Binding Domain) was carried out using Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) and Western Blot (WB) methods. The results showed that the four protein variants (Spike Full, S1 Subunit, S2 Subunit, and Receptor Binding Domain) were functional in expression and according to the appropriate protein size. The IFA test showed two superior Corrected Total Cell Fluorescence (CTCF) values: the Spike Full protein and the S2 Subunit (118.813 and 264159 CTCF) of post-transfection cells, which indicated that there were differences in the expression ability of each protein. The Western Blot test has proven that two proteins (Spike Full and Subunit S2) have the appropriate molecular size (142.5 and 66.0 kDa). Thus, it can be concluded that the recombinant plasmid constructed by BRIN is proven to be functional and can be used to manufacture Stable Cell Lines."

"Peningkatan kebutuhan energi telah meningkat beberapa dekade terakhir. Dilihat dalam konsumsi energi bangunan meningkat menjadi lebih 40% sehingga perlu di kelola dan di kendalikan. Dari solusi permasalahan Laten Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) dengan Phase Change Material (PCM) merupakan cara yang efisien karena memiliki penyimpanan panas yang tinggi serta perubahan temperatur yang kecil selama proses perubahan fase. Penelitian ini berfokus pada phase change material yang akan di injeksikan ke kayu. Eksperimen ini dilakukan agar mengetahui karakteristik mikro dari kayu setelah proses delignified dan injeksi PCM serta kebocoran dan laju impregnation. Kayu yang akan digunakan yaitu merbau, meranti, dan bambu. Sebelumnya kayu akan mengalami proses delignified untuk membuat struktur berporinya dengan alkaline preatretment dengan NaOH (2,5 mol/L) dan Na₂SO₃ (0,4 mol/L) dengan aquades setelah itu kayu direndamkan larutan H₂O₂ (2,5 mol/L) dengan aquades setelah itu kayu di injeksikan dengan paraffin, bees wax, dan soy wax menggunakan metode vacuum impregnation. Dari hasil penelitian kayu merbau dan meranti untuk proses delignified berhasil dengan adanya pori-pori.. Hasil dari kebocoran yaitu bambu/paraffin 60°C, bambu/bees wax 50°C, bambu/soy wax 50°C, merbau/paraffin 60°C, merbau/bees wax 50°C, merbau/soy wax 40°C, meranti/paraffin 50°C, meranti/bees wax 50°C, meranti/soy wax 40°C. Laju impregnation yang tinggi yaitu merbau/paraffin 56,17%, meranti/paraffin 56,07%, merbau/bees wax 55,32%, meranti/bees wax 55,32%, bambu/bees wax 39,31%, bambu/paraffin 37,17%, meranti/soy wax 35,93%, merbau/soy wax 17,9%, dan bambu/soy wax 17,04%.

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The increasing demand for energy has increased in recent decades. In terms of building energy consumption, it has increased by more than 40%, so it needs to be managed and controlled. From then solution to the problem of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) with Phase Change Material (PCM) it is an efficient way because it has high heat storage and small temperature changes during the phase change process. This research focuses on the phase change material to be injected into the wood. This experiment was conducted to determine the micro characteristics of the wood after the delignification and PCM injection process as well as the rate of leakage and impregnation. The wood used is merbau, meranti, and bamboo. Previously, the wood would undergo a delignification process to make its porous structure by alkaline pretreatment with NaOH (2.5 mol/L) and  Na₂SO₃(0.4 mol/L) with distilled water. After that, the wood was immersed in a solution of H₂O₂ (2.5 mol/L) with distilled water. After that, the wood was injected with paraffin, bees wax, and soy wax using the vacuum impregnation method. From the research results merbau and meranti wood for the delignification process was successful in the presence of pores. The results of the leaks are bamboo/paraffin 60°C, bamboo/bees wax 50°C, bamboo/soy wax 50°C, merbau/paraffin 60°C, merbau/bees wax 50°C, merbau/soy wax 40°C, meranti / paraffin 50°C, meranti/bees wax 50°C, meranti/soy wax 40°C. High levels of impregnation were merbau/paraffin 56.17%, meranti/paraffin 56.07%, merbau/bees wax 55.32%, meranti/bees wax 55.32%, bamboo/bees wax 39.31%, bamboo/ paraffin 37.17%, meranti/soy wax 35.93%, merbau/soy wax 17.9%, and bamboo/soy wax 17.04%."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hipertensi pulmonal merupakan komplikasi tersering padaPenyakit Paru Obstruksi Kronis (PPOK). Angka kematian akan meningkat tajambila pasien PPOK sudah mengalami komplikasi ini. Selama ini pengukuran tekananarteri pulmonalis hanya diukur pada saat pasien PPOK eksaserbasi dirawat diruangintesif dengan cara invasif mengunakan alat Right heart catherization (RHC). Datakelompok PPOK stabil yang mengalami hipertensi pulmonal yang diukur dengancara non invasif masih relatif sedikit yang di publikasi. Saat ini sudah adaEchocardiography Doppler yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti RHC padakelompok PPOK stabil.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara Penurunan FEV1 %prediksi dengan Peningkatan Rerata Tekanan Arteri Pulmonalis dan mencari titikpotong terbaik secara klinis antara FEV1 % prediksi dan mPAPMetode: Studi potong lintang pada lima puluh delapan subjek PPOK stabil yangdilakukan spirometri dan pengukuran mPAP dengan menggunakan Ekhokardiografidoppler pada potongan short axis setinggi aorta.Hasil: Nilai rerata FEV1 % prediksi 26,6 (SB 4,7) dan rerata mPAP 37,61 (18,1-59)mmHg. 74 % subjek mengalami hipertensi pulmonal, dengan karakteristik 24 %ringan, 31 % sedang dan 19 % berat. Terdapat korelasi negatif kuat antarapenurunan FEV1 % prediksi dengan peningkatan mPAP. Semakin turun FEV1%prediksi semakin meningkat mPAP. Nilai titik potong terbaik secara klinis 55,3 %dengan sensitivitas 93%Kesimpulan: FEV1 % prediksi berkorelasi negatif yang sangat kuat dengantekanan rerata arteri pulmonalis. FEV1 % prediksi 55,3 % memiliki kemampuanyang cukup baik membedakan PPOK stabil yang sudah mengalami hipertensipulmonal

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ABSTRACTBackground: Pulmonary hypertension is the most common complication of chronicobstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mortality rate will increase when COPDcomplication with Pulmonary Hypertension. Right Heart Catheterization (RHC) isthe most common tool to measure Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure either in COPDpatients with exacerbations treated in intensive care unit. Data of pulmonaryhypertension in stable COPD group is still relatively rare published. Alternatively toRHC, nowadays echocardiography is used to measure Mean Pulmonary ArterialPressure in stable COPD group.Objective: To determine the correlation between forced expiratory volume in onesecond (FEV1 %) prediction and mean pulmonary arterial pressure. To determine thebest clinically cut-off point between FEV1% prediction with mean pulmonaryarterial pressureMethods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on fifty-eight stable male COPDpatients (mean age : 67,6) under went spirometry. Mean pulmonary arterial pressurewas measured using transthoracic echocardiography at short axis view in aortic level.Results: Mean value of FEV1% was 26,6 % (SD 4,7) with median value of meanpulmonary arterial pressure was 37,61 mmHg (range 18,3-59). 74% subjects werepulmonary hypertension; 24 % mild, 31 % moderate and 19% severe respectively.The correlation test showed a significant strong-negative correlation(r = - 0,948, p < 0,001). The best cut-off point of FEV1% prediction, which has aclinical value correlating to mean pulmonary arterial pressure, was 55,3% with thesensitivity 93 %.Conclusions: Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 %) prediction has asignificant correlation with mean pulmonary arterial pressure in stable chronicobstructive disease patients. The cut-off point FEV1 % prediction was 55,3% has agood capability to discriminate pulmonary hypertension in stable PPOK patient."

"Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik subjek penelitian dan pengaruh latihan aerobik selama delapan minggu terhadap perbaikan kualitas hidup menggunakan kuesioner Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF). Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi pre dan post latihan aerobik pada pasien gagal jantung kronik stabil. Subjek penelitian melakukan latihan berjalan tiga kali seminggu dengan intensitas sesuai Rating of Perceived Exertion 12-13, durasi latihan dimulai selama 10 menit dengan penambahan jarak 100-200 meter per sesi latihan berdasarkan toleransi subjek selama delapan minggu dan penilaian kualitas hidup menggunakan kuesioner Minnesota Living with Heart Failure dan uji jalan enam menit sebelum dan sesudah latihan aerobik selama delapan minggu. Hasil: Jumlah subjek penelitian sebesar 20 subjek (15 laki-laki dan 5 perempuan). Subjek penelitian didominasi oleh lanjut usia (10 orang), sudah menikah (16 orang), riwayat pendidikan DIII/S1 (10 orang), status bekerja (11 orang), obesitas tingkat I (7 orang), kelas fungsional NYHA II (19 orang), kondisi penyerta berupa hipertensi (16 orang) dan gaya hidup sedenter (18 orang). Perbandingan skor kuesioner MLHF sebelum dan sesudah latihan aerobik mengalami perbaikan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0.001), dimana skor domain fisik dan domain emosional mengalami perbaikan yang bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,001). Perbandingan delta domain fisik dengan delta domain emosional didapatkan bermakna secara statistik (p < 0,001). Perbandingan uji jalan enam menit sebelum dan sesudah latihan aerobik bermakna secara statistik (p< 0,001). Didapatkan hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara usia (p= 0,009) dan status pernikahan (p= 0,037) terhadap skor MLHF. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbaikan kualitas hidup pada gagal jantung kronik stabil setelah latihan aerobik fase II selama delapan minggu. Terdapat hubungan pada usia dan status pernikahan terhadap skor MLHF.

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Objective: This study aims to determine the characteristics of study subjects and the impact of aerobic exercise over eight weeks on the improvement of quality of life using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF) questionnaire. Method: This is a pre and post-aerobic exercise study on stable chronic heart failure patients. Study subjects engaged in walking exercises three times a week with an intensity based on the Rating of Perceived Exertion of 12-13. Exercise duration started at 10 minutes with an addition of 100-200 meters per exercise session based on the subject's tolerance over eight weeks. Assessment of quality of life was conducted using the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire and six-minute walking test before and after aerobic exercise for eight weeks. Result: The total number of study subjects was 20 (15 males and 5 females). Study subjects were predominantly elderly (10 individuals), married (16 individuals), with a Diploma/Bachelor education background (10 individuals), employed (11 individuals), categorized as class I obesity (7 individuals), NYHA functional class II (19 individuals), having hypertension comorbidity (16 individuals), and leading a sedentary lifestyle (18 individuals). Comparison of MLHF questionnaire scores before and after aerobic exercise showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001), with significant improvements in both physical and emotional domains (p < 0.001). Comparison of the delta in the physical domain and the emotional domain was also statistically significant (p < 0.001). Comparison of the six-minute walking test before and after aerobic exercise was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between age (p= 0.009) and marital status (p= 0.037) with MLHF scores. Conclusion: There was an improvement of quality of life in stable chronic heart failure patients after aerobic exercise in phase II for eight weeks. There was a significant association between age and marital status with MLHF scores."