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Abstrak :
Peningkatan harapan hidup manusia akan menambah populasi lanjut usia diikuti dengan peningkatan problem, antara lain penurunan fungsi kognitif. Salah satu faktor risiko penurunan fungsi kognitif ialah social engagement yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan tempat tinggal. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode cross sectional di kelurahan Jelambar dan Jelambar Baru, Jakarta atas 286 lanjut usia yang tinggal di keluarga dan di panti werdha menunjukkan adanya pengaruh social engagement terhadap fungsi kognitif lanjut usia, terutama di kalangan panti werdha. Social engagement buruk berhubungan dengan gangguan fungsi kognitif setelah dikendalikan oleh aktivitas kognitif, khususnya pada kelompok social engagement buruk dan tinggal di panti; di kelompok lanjut usia perempuan, social engagement buruk berhubungan dengan fungsi kognitif lebih rendah. Komponen social engagement yang paling berperan terhadap fungsi kognitif para lanjut usia adalah aktivitas di masyarakat dan keanggotaan di kelompok masyarakat lain. Kegiatan ke luar rumah dan berbelanja, dan kerja sukarela/amal merupakan komponen aktivitas di masyarakat yang paling berpengaruh. Di kalangan perempuan, komponen social engagement yang paling berpengaruh adalah keanggotaan di kelompok lain. Aktivitas kognitif yang terbesar pengaruhnya adalah masak sendiri dan menonton siaran televisi berita. ......The increase of life expectancy brings a problem of elderly, among others is problem of cogntive decline. One of the risk factors for cognitive decline is social engagement which can be influenced by living environment. This research was done with cross sectional method in kelurahan Jelambar and Jelambar Baru with 286 respondents living in family and institution. Social disengagement was associated with lower cognitive function, especially in institution, influenced by cognitive activity. Among women, social disengagement was associated with lower cognitive function. The most important component of social engagement are to become a member of social club and active in the community, especially outdoor activities and doing shopping for daily needs. Among women, the most important component of social engagement is to become a member of social club. Cognitive activity with biggest influence on cognitve function are self-cooking and watching news in television.

Abstrak :
Brawls (tawuran) in the slum areas of Jakarta has a complex factors, not simply economic poverty, but social exclusion. Sociologically, the problem of these slums is weak communities structurally, culturally and processually. What they need is not only economic development but a proper social development. This study reveals how the structural-cultural and processual elements are interacting and cross­cutting each other creating a certain quality of socio-cultural life of the slums. The City Government believes that technocratic and bureaucratic development, with an emphasis on economic and physical sectors, will automatically improve the quality of social development. This study however, shows that a social engagement approach is needed to balance the deterministic and bureaucratic approach of the existing technocratic Development toward more inclusive Social Development.

Abstrak :
Transisi demografi di Indonesia mengubah struktur umur penduduk yang menua. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk lansia di Indonesia berpotensi besar terhadap permasalahan kesehatan mental, salah satunya Penyakit Demensia. Demensia merupakan stadium akhir dari kemunduran fungsi kognitif, yang sebelumnya diawali dari mudah lupa dan gangguan kognitif ringan MCI . Penelitian sebelumnya di negara lain menunjukkan bahwa salah satu faktor risiko penurunan fungsi kognitif yang dapat dimodifikasi adalah keterlibatan sosial. Namun, penelitian mengenai pengaruh keterlibatan sosial pada konteks negara berkembang khususnya di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mengukur pengaruh keterlibatan sosial terhadap fungsi kognitif dari 228.216 orang lansia di Indonesia berdasarkan data SUPAS 2015. Keterlibatan sosial lansia diukur melalui kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan, mengasuh cucu, dan pasangan hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi multinomial logit. Umur, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, gangguan penglihatan, gangguan pendengaran, aktivitas fisik, dan aktivitas kognitif digunakan sebagai variabel kontrol. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa keterlibatan sosial lansia berpengaruh terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lansia di Indonesia. Partisipasi lansia dalam aktivitas sosial kemasyarakatan, mengasuh cucu dan keberadaan pasangan hidup dapat mengurangi risiko gangguan fungsi kognitif MCI dan Demensia pada lansia di Indonesia. ......Demographic transition in Indonesia changes the age structure of ageing population. Increasing number of elderly population in Indonesia has big potential to mental health problem, one of them is Dementia Disease. Dementia is the final stage of cognitive decline, preceded by forgetfulness and mild cognitive impairment MCI . Evidence from previous studies in other countries suggests that one potential modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline may be social engagement. However, research that identifies the modifiable risk factors in the context of developing countries, especially in Indonesia is still scarce. This study analyses the influence of social engagement on cognitive function of 228.216 elderly people in Indonesia from SUPAS 2015. Social engagement is measured through social activities, looking after grandchildren, and the presence of a spouse. This study uses the multinomial logistic regression method. Age, sex, education, visual impairment, hearing loss, physical and cognitive activity are used as covariates. The results suggest that social engagement influences cognitive function of elderly in Indonesia. Participation in social activities, looking after grandchildren and the presence of spouses can reduce the risk of cognitive decline, both MCI and dementia, in the elderly in Indonesia.