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"The paper describes several types of referents, including internal, external and system referents, and explains that they are the key for choosing actions or inactions. Individuals and organizations use these referents to get understandings of themselves, to encourage learning and to bounce back from failure. Using social cognition and social comparison literature, the paper focuses its explanation on the reasons why a particular type of referent is used and on its consequences on individuals' and organizations' ability to learn, to bounce back from difficult circumstances, or on their inability to survive. The paper concludes that motivation and ability to choose the right reference may assist individuals and organizations to rise from difficulties and to achieve more, while inability to choose the right reference may result in dire consequences."

"Akhir-akhir ini tayangan kuliner jumlahnya cukup banyak dan memperoleh respons positif dari masyarakat. Tesis ini membahas tentang bagaimana para khalayak menyikapi tayangan-tayangan kuliner di televisi.Dengan menggunakan teori uses and gratifications, penulis ingin melihat seberapa besar tingkat kepuasan yang diperoleh para ibu rumah tangga terhadap tayangan-teyangan kuliner; dan ingin melihat apa motivasi yang mendasari keinginan mereka untuk terus mengikuti tayangan-tayangan tersebut.Teori kognitif sosial digunakan untuk makin mendalami motivasi-motivasi yang mendorong para ibu-ibu rumah tangga menyaksikan tayangan kuliner di televisi. Paradigma penelitian yang digunakan adalah paradigma positivif dimana peneliti berusaha memahami dan menafsirkan bagaimana para ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang menjadi informan menciptakan. memelihara, dan mengelola dunia sosial mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa para ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang selama ini dianggap sebagai salah satu korban langsung dari pengaruh-pengaruh tayangan televisi ternyata memiliki proses kognitif yang berdasarkan dari penilaiannya sendiri dan interaksi sosialnya. Mereka adalah khalayak yang aktif, yang dapat menentukan apa yang mereka inginkan; bukannya korban yang tidak dapat melakukan apa-apa dan mendapat pengaruh langsung dan kuat dari tayangan-tayangan televisi.

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Knowdays, theres a lot of culinary programme in TV, and they receive a good review from the audience. This thesis talking about how the audience of culinary program in television process what they see, and than how big the programme affect them in kognitif and behavioral process.

Using the uses and gratifications theory. we would like to see how satisfied the audience about culinary programme is and what motive is behind the viewing.

The social cognitive theory is used to see how the culinary programme is being analize by the housewifes. Is there a changing in attitude after fiewing the programme; and how big is the influence of external factors to the analysis process.

This thesis are using positivis methodology, because the researcher want to understand and give meaning to haw the housewife create, maintain and conduct their social world.

The result shows that the housewifes - who all this time are seems to be the fictim of media effect - have a cognitive process that are based on their own judgement and their social world. They are an active audiences, who know what they want to see. not just some victim that can not do anything to the mass media."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menentukan efek programgaya hidup sehat (HLP) berdasarkan teori kognitif sosial (SCT) pada remajadengan kelebihan berat badan di Kota Makassar. Studi ini terdiri dari tiga tahap.Tahap pertama bertujuan untuk mengembangkan HLP. Tahap selanjutnyabertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan memvalidasi instrument untuk mengukurefek HLP. Tahap akhir dari studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai efek HLP terhadapefikasi diri remaja untuk berperilaku sehat, efikasi diri orang tua, perilaku remajadan indeks anthropometri dengan menggunakan desain uji kluster acak terkontrol.Sebanyak delapan (8) sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) diramndomisasi untukmenentukan sekolah intervensi dan kontrol. Total 238 remaja dengan kelebihanberat dan orang tuanya diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Perubahan outcomedianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANCOVA dengan pendekatan intention totreat. HLP adalah sebuah program yangh terdiri atas dua belas (12) sesipendidikan yang menerapkan beberapa strategi perubahan perilaku dari SCTantara lain penguatan positif, monitoring diri, penentuan tujuan dan keterlibatanorang tua yang disampaikan sekali seminggu oleh para fasilitator terlatih melaluisesi kelompok. HLP berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan efikasi diri remaja untukmempraktikkan perilaku sehat, menurunkan kebiasaan cemilan, dan perubahanpada BMI Z-score menurut umur dan lingkar pinggang.

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ABSTRACTThe study aimed to develop and determine the effect of healthy lifestyle program(HLP) based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) among overweight adolescents inMakassar City. It consisted of three stages. Stage one was to develop HLP. Nextstage was to develop and validate the instruments for measuring the effect ofHLP. The last was to measure the effects of HLP on adolescents? self-efficacy onhealthy behaviors, parents? self-efficacy, adolescents? behaviors, andanthropometry indices using cluster randomized controlled trial design. EightSMP were randomly assigned to intervention and control schools. A total of 238overweight adolescents and their parents were involved. Changes in outcomeswere analyzed using ANCOVA on an intention to treat basis. HLP is twelvesessions of education applied behavior change strategies from SCT includingpositive reinforcement, self-monitoring, goal setting and parents? involvementdelivered by trained facilitators through weekly group sessions. HLP contributedin increasing adolescents? self-efficacy for practicing healthy behavior, reducingsnacking habit, and changing BMI for age Z-score and waist circumference"

"Penelitian ini menguji apakah teori social cognitive career SCCT yang terdiri dari motivasi intrinsik, motivasi ekstrinsik, pengaruh pihak ketiga, dan pemahaman karir; serta religiusitas memberikan pengaruh terhadap preferensi karir mahasiswa program studi ekonomi keuangan syariah. Hipotesis diuji menggunakan metode penelitian stuctural equation modelling SEM yang diolah menggunakan aplikasi Smart-PLS dengan menggunakan 325 sampel. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, tiga dari empat variabel SCCT yaitu motivasi intrinsik, motivasi ekstrinsik, dan pengaruh pihak ketiga memiliki pengaruh terhadap preferensi karir; sedangkan salah satu variabel SCCT yaitu pemahaman karir tidak memiliki pengaruh. Begitupun dengan variabel religiusitas yang memiliki hasil tidak berpengaruh terhadap preferensi karir. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah agar dapat dijadikan bahan pertimbangan bagi lembaga pendidikan untuk membuka program studi ekonomi keuangan syariah dan menambah kuota bagi program studi ini dalam rangka membantu peningkatan supply akan SDM yang memiliki kualifikasi dibidang ekonomi keuangan syariah. Sedangkan implikasi bagi divisi SDM di institusi keuangan berbasis syariah adalah agar dapat mempertimbangkan faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi preferensi karir mahasiswa agar dapat memaksimalkan usaha yang dapat dilakukan dalam upaya perekrutan SDM yang berkualitas dan memiliki kapabilitas.

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This study examines whether social cognitive career theory SCCT consists of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, third party influence, and career exposure and religiosity have an effect on career preference of sharia finance economics student. The hypothesis was tested using stuctural equation modeling SEM method that was processed using Smart PLS application using 325 samples. Based on the test results, three of the four SCCT variables, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and third party influences have an influence on career preference whereas one of the SCCT variables ie career exposure has no effect. Likewise with the variable religiosity that has no effect on career preferences.

The implication of this research is to be considered for educational institution to open syariah financial economics study program and increase quota for this study program in order to help increase supply of qualified human resources in syariah financial economy field. While the implications for HR division in sharia based financial institutions is to consider factors that significantly affect the career preferences of students in order to maximize the effort that can be done in the effort of recruitment of qualified human resources and have the capability. "

"Swamedikasi merupakan upaya yang paling sering dilakukan masyarakat untuk mengatasi gejala penyakit sebelum memutuskan untuk mencari pertolongan dari pelayanan medis. Pandemi COVID-19 mengakibatkan perubahan perilaku swamedikasi di masyarakat. Apoteker komunitas, yang ditemui pasien saat melakukan swamedikasi, memiliki peranan penting untuk memastikan praktik swamedikasi tetap rasional. Keputusan apoteker melayani swamedikasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh persepsinya dari berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi apoteker terhadap praktik swamedikasi selama pandemi COVID-19 berdasarkan Social Cognitive Theory. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan sumber data primer menggunakan kuesioner secara daring. Kuesioner dikembangkan berdasarkan literatur dan diuji validitas serta reliabilitasnya sebelum disebarkan kepada responden. Pengumpulan responden dilakukan dengan metode convenience sampling melalui akun Sistem Informasi Apoteker (SIAp) yang dapat diakses oleh apoteker seluruh Indonesia. Setelah dilakukan skrining kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diperoleh 434 responden dari 30 provinsi di Indonesia . Responden penelitian didominasi oleh apoteker komunitas dengan jenis kelamin wanita, berusia 25-44 tahun, tidak melanjutkan pendidikan setelah Profesi Apoteker, memiliki status Apoteker Penanggungjawab Apotek (APA) dengan pengalaman praktik di apotek ≤5 tahun, dan telah memenuhi standar minimal pelayanan dengan durasi praktik 5-10 jam/hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor kognitif, lingkungan, dan perilaku memiliki hubungan yang saling meningkatkan. Peningkatan faktor kognitif akan meningkatkan faktor lingkungan (r=0,367, p=0,000) dan perilaku (r=0,442, p=0,000). Peningkatan faktor lingkungan turut mengakibatkan peningkatan faktor perilaku (r=0,283, p=0,000). Peningkatan faktor kognitif mengakibatkan peningkatan ketidaksesuaian praktik (r=0,201, p=0,000), sedangkan peningkatan faktor lingkungan (r=0,052, p=0,284) dan perilaku (r=0,051, p=0,286) tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap ketidaksesuaian praktik.

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Self-medication is the most frequently and widely used method by community to overcome the symptoms of the disease before deciding to seek help from the healthcare service. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes in self-medication behavior in community. The community pharmacist, whom patient met when taking self-medication, has an important role to ensure that the practice of self-medication remains rational. The pharmacist's decision to give self-medication can be influenced by their perception of various factors. This study aims to analyze pharmacists' perceptions of self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic based on Social Cognitive Theory. This research is a cross sectional study with primary data sources using online questionnaires. The questionnaire was developed based on the literature and tested for validity and reliability before distributed to respondents. Respondents were collected by convenience sampling method through Sistem Informasi Apoteker (SIAp) account which could be accessed by pharmacists throughout Indonesia. After screening, 434 respondents were obtained from 30 provinces in Indonesia. Respondents were dominated by female and 25-44 years old community pharmacists who had a professional level of Pharmacist education, worked as Pharmacist In Charge of Pharmacy (APA) with experience in pharmacies for 5 years, and had met the minimum standard of service with a duration of practice 5-10 hours/day. The results showed that cognitive, environmental, and behavioral factors had a mutually enhancing relationship. An increase in cognitive factors increased environmental factors (r = 0.367, p = 0.000) and behaviorial factors (r = 0.442, p = 0.000). An increase in environmental factors also increased behavioral factors (r=0.283, p=0.000). The increase in cognitive factors also resulted in an increase in irrational self-medication practice (r=0.201, p=0.000), while an increase in environmental factors (r=0.052, p=0.284) and behavioral factors (r=0.051, p=0.286) had no significant impact on irrational self-medication practice."

"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pemahaman sosial mengenai isu kesetaraan gender di kalangan pekerja perempuan formal dengan kontribusi faktor lingkungan dan perilaku sebagai faktor pembentuk utama yang dibahas melalui disiplin Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Kesetaraan gender di sektor ketenagakerjaan ditandai dengan mulai meningkatnya angka pekerja perempuan formal yang semestinya dibarengi dengan pemahaman terhadap kesetaraan gender, terutama di tempat kerja. Hal tersebut ditujukan agar para pekerja perempuan dapat peka terhadap isu terkait sehingga dapat turut mengimplikasikan perilaku setara gender dan membantu penanganan kasus ketidaksetaraan gender, terutama yang terjadi di tempat kerja. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan mengenai pemahaman sosial tentang kesetaraan gender di kalangan pekerja perempuan formal dan memberikan gambaran kontribusi faktor lingkungan dan perilaku dalam membentuk pemahaman sosial tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif yang mengambil data melalui wawancara mendalam bersama para pekerja perempuan formal. Kesetaraan gender yang dimaksud dilihat berdasarkan indikator kesetaraan gender menurut Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, yaitu melalui aspek akses, partisipasi, kontrol, dan manfaat. Adapun pemahaman sosial ditinjau dari teori kognitif sosial oleh Albert Bandura berdasarkan lima kemampuan kognitif dasar manusia, antara lain kemampuan simbolisasi (symbolizing capability), kemampuan pembelajaran melalui pengalaman tidak langsung (vicarious capability), kemampuan berpikir ke depan (forethought capability), kemampuan pengaturan diri (self-regulatory capability), dan kemampuan refleksi diri (self-reflective capability). Adapun hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan dasar kognitif yang paling utama dimiliki seorang individu dalam memahami kesetaraan gender adalam kemampuan simbolisasi (symbolizing capability) untuk mendeskripsikan kesetaraan gender berdasarkan perisitiwa atau pengalaman yang pernah dialami. Pemahaman sosial dapat dibentuk melalui kontribusi faktor lingkungan; yaitu melalui lingkungan keluarga, tempat kerja dan sosial dan factor personal yang turut berperan dalam proses transformasi pemahaman sosial menjadi perilaku (behavior) yang berkaitan dengan kesetaraan gender, sehingga menjadi output dalam determinan proses triadic reciprocal. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangsih terhadap program studi Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, terkhusus di mata kuliah Tingkah Laku Manusia dan Lingkungan Sosial, serta Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Organisasi Pelayanan Kemanusiaan.

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This study discusses the social understanding of the issue of gender equality among formal female workers with the contribution of environmental and behavioral factors as the main forming factors which are discussed through the discipline of Social Welfare Sciences. Gender equality in the employment sector is characterized by increasing formal female workers that should be accompanied by an understanding of gender equality, especially in the workplace. This is intended so that female workers can be sensitive to related issues so that they can contribute to gender-equal behavior and assist in handling cases of gender inequality, especially those that occur in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to explain the social understanding of gender equality among formal female workers and provide an overview of the contribution of environmental and behavioral in shaping this social understanding. This research is a qualitative research using a descriptive method that collects data through in-depth interviews with formal women workers. The gender equality in question is seen based on indicators of gender equality according to the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, namely through aspects of access, participation, control, and benefits. As for social understanding in terms of social cognitive theory by Albert Bandura based on five basic human cognitive abilities, including symbolizing capability, vicarious capability, forethought capability, self-regulatory capability, and self-reflective capability. The results of the study indicate that the most important cognitive basic ability possessed by an individual in understanding gender equality is the symbolizing capability to describe gender equality based on events or experiences that have been experienced. Social understanding can be formed through the contribution of environmental factors; namely through the family environment, workplace and social and personal factors that play a role in the process of transforming social understanding into behavior related to gender equality, so that it becomes the output in the determinant of the triadic reciprocal. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the Social Welfare Studies program, especially in the Human Behavior and Social Environment courses, as well as Human Resource Management in Human Service Organizations."

"Gejala kecemasan saat melakukan perawatan ke dokter gigi dapat terjadi pada anak-anak. Pemberian informasi dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap penurunan kecemasan, salah satunya dapat dilakukan secara vicarious learning melalui observasi model. Karakter tokoh dalam buku menjadi media yang tepat sebagai model karena membaca buku merupakan aktivitas bercerita paling populer dalam program anak usia dini. Proses pembacaan buku secara reading aloud dengan teknik dialogic reading membuat siswa aktif sehingga membantu proses belajar melalui interaksi sosial dengan teman sebaya dan guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan kecemasan terhadap dokter gigi pada anak usia 4-6 tahun yang baru pertama kali ke dokter gigi (N=61) melalui aktivitas membaca buku bersama. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Venham Picture Tests (VPT). Desain penelitian ini adalah One group pre-test post-test design dengan follow up 1 minggu. Hasil analisa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan membaca buku bersama dapat menurunkan kecemasan secara signifikan pada anak usia 4-6 tahun yang baru pertama kali ke dokter gigi.

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Anxiety could occur to children while going to dentist for treatment. Informing children about dental procedure could help to reduce anxiety. Informing about dental treatment is a learning process, one process could be done through vicarious learning by model observation. Characters in book could be transform to a right media as model, because reading books is the most popular story telling activity in early childhood education. Reading book by reading aloud with dialogic reading make student active, that increases learning process by social interaction with their same age friends and teacher.

This research is aim to reduce anxiety for 4-6 years old (N=61) children going to dentist for their first time through reading a book together activity. Test scale use is Venham Picture Test (VPT). The research design is One group pre-test post-test design with follow up after 1 week in the form of dental check-up. Books title used on this activity called Cat and Dentist, and its main characters courage to undergo dental check-up. Book was read by their teacher three times. Analysis result shows that through reading book together activity could lower anxiety toward dentist  significantly for children of 4-6 years old that go to dentist first time."

"ABSTRAKSejak dipisahkannya diagnosa schizotypal personality disorder dengan schizophrenia pada DSM-III, telah banyak studi yang fokus pada Schizotypal Personality Disorder, atau singkatnya schizotypy, yang muncul. Alasan mengapa ini terjadi diperkirakan untuk mencegah masalah itu hingga menjadi schizophrenia. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan menguji hubungan schizotypy dengan gangguan fungsi kognisi sosial, atau Social Cognitive Functions SCF. Pada awalnya diprediksikan bahwa lemahnya SCF akan menguatkan kans adanya schizotypy. Diprediksikan juga bahwa dengan mengkontrol afek negatif bisa mengubah arah asosiasi hubungan SCF dengan schizotypy. Studi ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa sarjana yang sehat secara neurologi N = 238 untuk menguji hubungan antara schizotypy dan SCF, sementara mengkontrol untuk afek negatif i.e. anxiety depression. Skala-skala yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire SPQ untuk mengukur schizotypy, Empathy Quotient EQ dan Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test RMET untuk mengukur SCF, dan Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS untuk mengukur afek negatif. Dengan menggunakan Pearson rsquo;s correlation, korelasi negatif yang signifikan ditemukan dalam hubungan schizotypy dengan skala SCF pada EQ r = -.312.

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ABSTRACTSince the separation of schizotypal personality disorder diagnosis with schizophrenia in DSM III, many studies have started to focus on Schizotypal Personality Disorder, or schizotypy for short. Main reason for this is the thought that intervening on schizotypy may prevent cases of schizophrenia. One way to solve this is to examine the relationship of schizotypy with impairments to Social Cognitive Functions SCF . It was initially predicted that lack of SCF would mean higher chance of schizotypy. It was also initially predicted that controlling negative affect would change the direction of association between SCF and schizotypy. This study was conducted on neurologically healthy undergraduate students N 238 to examine the relationship of schizotypy and SCF, while controlling for negative affect i.e. anxiety depression . The scales used in this study were Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire SPQ to measure schizotypy, Empathy Quotient EQ and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test RMET to measure SCF, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS to measure negative affect. Using Pearson rsquo s correlation, significant negative correlations were found between schizotypy with SCF measures of empathy r .312."

"A comprehensive perspective on human nature by one of the undisputed masters of the psychological sciences The final book by psychology's most eminent modern figure, Dr. Albert Bandura, is the definitive concise presentation of his theoretical views. In Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective on Human Nature, Bandura explains how his half-century of research and theory on the determinants of thought and action highlight people's capacity for agency: the ability to exert control over one's actions and the courses of one's development. He further explains how his basic theory and research have been applied, world-wide, for the betterment of the human condition. Readers will find:A thorough introduction to the author’s agentic-perspective on human natureDr. Bandura's theoretical analyses of moral behavior and moral disengagementApplications of the basic principles of Social Cognitive Theory to personal and social change for human bettermentAn essential and groundbreaking resource for educational, health, and personality psychologists, Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective on Human Nature will also prove indispensable to social and industrial/organizational psychologists. "