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"Adverse reactions to medicines continue to present a considerable burden on healthcare, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. As well as knowing about the benefits of medicines, healthcare professionals need to understand the problem of adverse drug reactions and be aware of how they can be prevented and managed."

"Herbal medicine in general are safer than modern drug"

"Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) also known as cicatricial pemphigoid is a chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease primarily affecting people over 50 years old. MMP may affect any mucosal surface which is particularly oral mucosal, conjungtiva, esophagus, or larinx is involved. MMP rarely occurs in children and adolescents, but several cases of MMP affecting 2 to 18 years old patients have been reported in previous studies. In this paper we reported a case of MMP in an eighteen year old male patient who had been diagnosed with oral mucous membrane pemphigoid by anamnesis, clinical feature, histopathology. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroid, topical corticosteroid, oral rinse and multivitamins. Until recently corticosteroid remains as the most effective and the drug of choice to treat pemphigoid lesions. Clinicians need to pay attention in using this drug because of its potential side effect."

"Terapi antiretroviral mampu menekan replikasi HIV, mencegah morbilitas dan mortalitas. Kepatuhan pengobatan dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kesuksesan terapi, mencegah resistensi obat antiretroviral dan risiko penularan HIVDR ditengah masyarakat. Efek samping obat antiretroviral umumnya terjadi pada 3 bulan pertama setelah inisiasi yang dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan pengobatan pasien di tahun pertama pengobatan antiretroviral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek samping obat antiretroviral lini pertama terhadap kepatuhan pengobatan pasien HIV/AIDS di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso tahun 2010-2015. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif berbasis rumah sakit dimana sebanyak 376 naïve-patient HIV/AIDS dipilih sebagai sampel dan diamati selama 12 bulan setelah inisiasi ART. Kepatuhan pengobatan diukur dengan dua metode yaitu berdasarkan self report dan ketepatan waktu ambil obat. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan cox proportional hazard regression dengan perangkat lunak STATA12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efek samping obat ARV lini pertama berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan minum obat (RR12=1,45, 95% CI 1,009?2,021 dan RR34=0,85, 95% CI 0,564-1,273) namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepatuhan ambil obat (RR12=1,23, 95% CI 0,851-1,839 dan RR34=0,70, 95% CI 0,437-1,108).

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Antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication, preventing morbidity and mortality. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is needed to achieve successful treatment, prevent resistance to antiretroviral drugs and the risk of transmission of HIVDR in the community. The side effects of antiretroviral drugs generally occur in the first 3 months after initiation that could affect adherence in the first year of antiretroviral treatment. The aim of this study analyzed the effect of first-line antiretroviral side effect and adherence of HIV/AIDS patients in RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso period 2010 until 2015.

This study is hospital based retrospective cohort. A total of 376 HIV/AIDS naïve-patient had been selected as samples. Adherence was measured by two methods, based on self report and drug pick-up. Data was analyzed using cox proportional hazard regression with STATA12 software. Based on self report, HIV/AIDS patients who experience first-line ARV drugs side effect significantly associated with non-adherent (RR12=1.45, 95% CI 1.009 to 2.021 and RR34=0.85, 95% CI 0.564 to 1.273). Based on drug pick up, patients who experience first-line ARV drugs side effect not significantly associated with non-adherent (RR12=1.25, 95% CI 0.851 to 1.839 and RR34=0.70, 95% CI 0.437 to 1.108)."

"HIV/AIDS merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di seluruh dunia, khususnya di Indonesia, dengan jumlah kasus yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) merupakan retrovirus yang termasuk dalam famili lentivirus, yang mampu menggunakan RNA dan DNA inangnya untuk membentuk DNA virus dalam masa inkubasi yang lama. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah kumpulan gejala dan infeksi akibat rusaknya sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia yang disebabkan oleh infeksi HIV. Masalah dan Meskipun berbagai obat anti-HIV dikembangkan, tingginya biaya, efek samping, dan keterbatasan dari obat-obatan tersebut. kemoterapi dan terapi infeksi HIV masih merupakan tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat leaflet pencegahan sebagai sarana edukasi bagi pasien HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit tersebut. Desain penelitian meliputi pembuatan leaflet pencegahan untuk edukasi HIV/AIDS di Universitas Rumah Sakit Indonesia dari bulan September sampai Oktober. Konteksnya mencakup berbagai bentuk edukasi melalui media cetak dan elektronik, serta ceramah dan diskusi. Leaflet pencegahan bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi yang dapat mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS pada pasien, masyarakat umum, dan khususnya di lingkungan Universitas. lingkungan Rumah Sakit Indonesia. Implikasi: Pengembangan materi edukasi seperti leaflet pencegahan dapat berkontribusi dalam mencegah penyebaran HIV/AIDS dan meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan pasien dan masyarakat.

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HIV/AIDS is a major health issue worldwide, particularly in Indonesia, with increasing cases each year. The virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus belonging to the lentivirus family, capable of using its RNA and host DNA to form virus DNA during a long incubation period. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a collection of symptoms and infections resulting from the damage to the human immune system caused by HIV infection. Despite various anti-HIV agents developed, the high cost, side effects, and limitations of chemotherapy and HIV infection therapy remain challenges. This study aims to create a prevention leaflet as an educational tool for HIV/AIDS patients at the University of Indonesia Hospital to prevent the spread of the disease.] The research design involves creating a prevention leaflet for HIV/AIDS education at the University of Indonesia Hospital from September to October. The context includes various forms of education through print and electronic media, as well as lectures and discussions. The prevention leaflet aims to provide information that can prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS among patients, the general public, and especially within the University of Indonesia Hospital environment. Implications: The development of educational materials such as the prevention leaflet can contribute to preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS and improving awareness and knowledge among patients and the community."

"Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara yang masih berusaha keluar dari persoalan anemia defisiensi zat besi pada remaja putri. Dalam penanggulangannya, berbagai langkah upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah, salah satunya melalui program suplementasi Tablet Fe/TTD (Tablet Tambah Darah). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran kepatuhan dan efek samping yang dirasakan oleh remaja putri di Kota Depok dalam mengonsumsi Tablet Fe yang diberikan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 329 remaja putri yang diperoleh melalui teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner yang disebar saat penelitian. Hasil uji univariat ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar (65.3%) remaja putri patuh dalam mengonsumsi Tablet Fe dan hanya sebagian kecil yang mengalami efek samping dalam mengonsumsi Tablet Fe (27.7%) dengan keluhan yang dirasakan meliputi atas mual, muntah, diare, nyeri pada ulu hati, dan warna BAB menjadi hitam. Dengan begitu, dibutuhkan metode promosi kesehatan yang efektif agar terciptanya kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi Tablet Fe beserta monitoring rutin untuk meminimalisasi efek samping yang dirasakan oleh remaja putri.

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Indonesia is one of the countries that is still trying to get out of the problem of iron deficiency anemia in adolescent girls. In dealing with this, the government has taken various steps, one of which is through Iron Tablet supplementation program. This study aims to find out the description of compliance and side effects experienced by adolescent girls in Depok City when consuming the Iron Tablet provided. The research design used in this study was cross-sectional with a research sample of 329 adolescent girls obtained through a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires distributed during the research. The results of the univariate test found that the majority (65.3%) of adolescent girls were compliant in consuming Iron Tablets and only a small percentage experienced side effects when consumingIron Tablets (27.7%) with the side effects felt including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the pit of the stomach, and, the color of the stool turning black. Effective health promotion methods are needed to create compliance in consuming Fe tablets along with regular monitoring to minimize side effects felt by adolescent girls."

"Latar Belakang : Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko mayor penyakit jantung koroner. Modifikasi diet saat ini telah terbukti bermanfaat sebagai terapi inisial dalam penatalaksanaan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian double blind contolled studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektifitas "soluble fiber" (serat larut) sebagai terapi tambahan diet rendah kalori pada populasi Indonesia dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Pasien pria/wanita dengan kadar kolesterol 200-300mg% dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah 1 minggu periode adaptasi, pasien dirandomisasi untuk dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok terapi (soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari) atau kelompok kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan selama 8 minggu dengan tetap melanjutkan terapi diet.Hasil : Kadar kolesterol total turun 5.59% pada kelompok terapi sedangkan penurunan pada kelompok kontrol hanya 0.6% (p < 0.05). Kolesterol LDL pada kelompok terapi turun sebesar 4.22% pada kelompok terapi. Sementara pada kelompok kontrol justru meningkat sebesar 2.58% (p< 0.05). Terdapat pula penurunan kadar kolesterol HDL dalam 8 minggu (16% vs 8%) (p = 0.005). Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada indikator-indikator lain di antara kedua kelompok.Kesimpulan : Pemberian soluble fiber 8.4 g/hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan kolesterol HDL pada pria dan wanita dengan hiperkolesterolemia primer. Tidak terdapat perubahan kadar glukosa maupun elektrolit akibat konsumsi soluble fiber.

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Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. It has been proven that nutrition management is the initial therapeutic approach in hypercholesterolemic cases. This double blind controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of "soluble fiber" as an adjunct to low energy Indonesian diet in the treatment of persons with hypercholesterolemia. Male and female with hypercholesterolemia were recruited. After run in period for one week (dietary adaptation phase), eligible subjects with serum cholesterol concentrations between 200 mg% and 300 mg% were randomly assigned to receive either 8.4 g/day ?soluble fiber? or a cellulose placebo for 8 wk while continuing diet therapy.

Results: Serum total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were decreased 5.59 % and 4.22 %. Serum total in the placebo group were decreased 0.60 %, and LDL-cholesterol were increased 2.58 % after eight wk (P < 0.05). Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions: Treatment with 8.4 g "soluble fiber" per day produces significant net reductions in serum total (5,59%) and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (4,22%), but also reduced HDL Cholesterol level significantly in male and female with primary hypercholesterolemia."

"Monitoring efek samping obat perlu dilakukan terutama untuk antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida dengan indeks terapi sempit sehingga dapat meminimalisir masalah terkait obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan monitoring efek samping obat pada pasien yang mendapatkan antibiotik aminoglikosida di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUP Fatmawati periode Maret-Mei 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pengambilan data secara prospektif menggunakan data primer dari wawancara pasien serta data sekunder dari resep pasien dan rekam medis. Data dikumpulkan secara total sampling. Analisis kasualitas efek samping dilakukan dengan menggunakan algoritma Naranjo. Total pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebagai subjek penelitian adalah 33 pasien. Sebanyak 14 pasien 42,4 mengalami efek samping nefrotoksik dan 5 pasien 15,2 mengalami ototoksik. Berdasarkan analisis algoritma Naranjo, 5 kejadian 15,15 dikategorikan mungkin probable . Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara usia P = 0,726 dan jenis kelamin P = 0,620 dengan efek samping obat.

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Monitoring of drug side effects needs to be done especially for aminoglycoside antibiotic with narrow therapeutic index to minimize drug related problems. The purpose of this research was to monitor the side effects of patients who received aminoglycoside antibiotics at the Inpatient Installation of Fatmawati Hospital from March to May 2017. The method of this research was analytical descriptive with prospective data were collected from primary data through patient interview and secondary data through patient prescription and medical record. Data were collected by total sampling.

Causality analysis of side effects was done by using Naranjo Algorithm. Total patients who participated for the study were 33 patients. Fourteen patients 42.4 experienced nephrotoxicity and 5 patients 15,2 experienced ototoxicity. Based on Naranjo algorithm analysis, five 15,15 were catagorized as probable. The result of chi square test showed there was no correlation between age P 0.726 and sex P 0.620 with drug side effects."