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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara teacher efficacy dan strategi pengajaran guru yang ditinjau dari pengalaman mengajar, pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri di lingkungan kota Depok, Bogor, dan Jakarta dengan jumlah responden 78 guru. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teacher Sense's of Efficacy Scale (TSES) dan Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara teacher efficacy dengan strategi pengajaran pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri dengan nilai (r(78)= 0.37, p<0.01). Hasil ini menunjukan semakin tinggi keyakinan yang dimiliki, semakin bervariasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan pada guru sekolah inklusif Negeri. Pada guru yang mengajar 1-3 tahun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang siginifikan dengan nilai (r(29)=0.11, p>0.05), pada guru yang mengajar 4-5 tahun dan 7-18 tahun ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dengan nilai (r(26)= 0.59, p<0.01) dan (r(23)= 0.42, p<0.05). Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pengalaman mengajar yang dimiliki guru berpengaruh terhadap hubungan antara keyakinan yang dimiliki dengan variasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa pengalaman mengajar yang dimiliki tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap teacher efficacy yang dimiliki, tetapi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching strategies teachers in terms of teaching experience of the National elementary inclusive school teachers in the city of Depok, Bogor and Jakarta with the number of respondents 78 teachers. Measuring instrument used in this study is Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ). The results of this study showed positive and significant relationship between teacher efficacy with teaching strategies of National elementary inclusive school teachers by value (r(78) = 0.37, p<0.01). This result suggests that the higher the confidence, the more varied teaching strategies used by the National elementary inclusive school teachers. Teachers who teach 1-3 year was not found significant relationship with value (r(29) = 0.11, p>0.05), there was a significant correlation with the value (r( 26) = 0:59, p<0:01) and (r(23) = 0:42, p<0.05) for the teachers who teach 4-5 years and 7-18 years. These results indicate that the teachers experience teaching affect the relationship between teacher efficacy they have with the variation of teaching strategies used. Results from this study also shows that teaching experience possessed no significant influence on teacher efficacy, but significantly influence the variation of teaching strategies used on National elementary inclusive school teachers.

Abstrak :
Pertemanan merupakan salahsatu kunci keberhasilan dari dibentuknya pendidikan inklusif. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, peneliti menduga terdapat permasalahan pada keterampilan asertif anak berkebutuhan khusus yang dapat berpengaruh pada kemampuan membangun dan mempertahankan pertemanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus. Selian itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat apakah terdapat perbedaan keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan berdasarkan perbedaan jenis kelamin dan jenis disabilitas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan menggunakan sampel anak berkebutuhan khusus yang memiliki satu jenis disabilitas dengan tingkat keparahan ringan dan bersekolah di sekolah dasar inklusif N = 84. Rentang usia responden pada penelitian ini 7 tahun-12 tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Social Skills Inventory Scale SSIS Gresham Elliot, 2008 dan Friendship Quality Questionnaire FQQ Parker Asher, 1993. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan r = .321, p < .01. Hal ini menandakan semakin tinggi keterampilan asertif anak berkebutuhan khusus, akan semakin tinggi kualitas pertemanannya. Selain itu hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang antara kualitas pertemanan yang signifikan antara responden laki-laki dan perempuan, namun tidak ada perbedaan pada keterampilan asertif. Hasil lain dari penelitian ini mengindikasikan tidak ada perbedaan keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan berdasarkan jenis disabilitas. Seluruh jenis disabilitas menunjukkan keterampilan asertif dan kualitas pertemanan yang tergolong tinggi. ......Friendship between special needs children and typical children is one of the keys to the success of inclusive education. Based on previous studies, we assume there is a lack in assertive skill among special needs children which can affect their ability to initiate and maintain friendship. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between assertive social skill and friendship quality of special needs children in inclusive setting. This study is also purposed to examine the difference between assertive skill and friendship quality based on gender differences and type of disability. This is a correlational study, using special needs children with one type of disability with mild severity as research sample, with age ranging from seven to twelve years old based N 84. Instruments used in this study are Social Skills Inventory Scale SSIS Gresham Elliot, 2008 and Friendship Quality Questionaire FQQ Parker Asher, 1993 . Result shows there is a significant positive relationship between assertive skill and friendship quality r .321, p .01. The conclusion is the increase in assertive social skill on special needs children will increase their friendship quality. The study also shows there is a significance difference in friendship quality based on gender, but no significance difference found in assertive skill. Another results indicate there is no difference in both assertive skill and friendship quality based on types of disability. Both assertive skill and friendship quality are relatively high based on types of disability.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji model teoritik pengaruh mediasi dukungan sosial teman sebaya pada pengaruh keterampilan sosial terhadap konsep diri akademik siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Konsep diri akademik siswa diukur dengan menggunakan Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire ASCQ . Keterampilan sosial diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur Social Skills Improvement System SSIS . Dukungan sosial diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur Social Support Questionnaire for Children SSQC . Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif N=292 di lima wilayah Kota DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial memediasi pengaruh keterampilan sosial terhadap konsep diri akademik siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan sosial memengaruhi konsep diri akademik siswa melalui dukungan sosial yang diberikan teman sebaya pada siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Akan tetapi dukungan sosial hanya memediasi secara parsial, dimana keterampilan sosial tetap kuat dan signifikan memengaruhi konsep diri akademik siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Hasil penelitian ini menyarankan agar keterampilan sosial siswa dan dukungan sosial teman sebaya menjadi fokus utama pihak sekolah dalam membentuk konsep diri akademik yang positif bagi siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Kata kunci: konsep diri akademik, keterampilan sosial, dukungan sosial, siswa berkebutuhan khusus, sekolah dasar inklusif. ...... The aim of this study was to examine the theoretical model of mediation of social support on the effect of social skills on academic self concept of students with special needs in inclusive primary schools. Students rsquo academic self concept was measured by Academic Self Concept Questionnaire ASCQ . Social skills was measured by Social Skills Improvement System SSIS . Social support was measured by Social Support Questionnaire for Children SSQC . Participants in this study were students with special needs in inclusive primary schools N 292 who studied at primary inclusive schools in five areas of DKI Jakarta Province. The results showed that social support mediate the effect of social skills on academic self concept of students with special needs in inclusive primary schools. These results indicated that social skills affects academic self concept of students with special needs in inclusive primary schools through social support. However, social support only mediate partially, it means that social skills remains strong and significantly affect the academic self concept of students with special needs in inclusive primary schools. These findings suggest that students rsquo social skills and peers rsquo social support should be the primary focus of the school personnel in order to improve positive academic self concept of students with special needs in inclusive primary schools. Keywords academic self concept, social skills, social support, students with special education needs, inclusive primary school.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh keterampilan sosial terhadap kualitas pertemanan yang dimediasi oleh dukungan sosial teman sebaya pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 292 anak berkebutuhan khusus yang belajar di sekolah inklusif yang tersebar di wilayah DKI Jakarta. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel penelitian adalah Friendship Quality Questionnaire FQQ mengukur kualitas pertemanan; Social Skills Improvement System SSIS untuk mengukur keterampilan sosial; Social Support Questionnaire for Children SSQC untuk mengukur dukungan sosial teman sebaya. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara keterampilan sosial terhadap kualiatas teman sebaya yang dimediasi oleh dukungan sosial teman sebaya pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif secara parsial. Hal ini berarti keterampilan sosial tetap berpengaruh signifikan dan hubungannya kuat terhadap kualitas pertemanan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan untuk meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai dukungan sosial yang tidak hanya dari teman sebaya tetapi juga dari orangtua pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah inklusif dalam membentuk kualitas pertemanan. ...... This study was aimed to determine the influence of social skills on friendship quality mediated by peer social support in special need children at inclusive primary school. A total of 292 participants are special need children at inclusive primary school spread throughtout the DKI Jakarta. The instrument were used for research variables are Friendship Quality Questionnaire FQQ for measured friendship quality Social Skills Improvement System SSIS for measured social skills and Social Support Questionnaire for Children SSQC for measured peer social support. The results was there is a significant influence between social skills on friendship quality partial mediates by peer social support in special need children at inclusive school. It means social skills still have a strong influence and correlation on friendship quality in special need children at inclusive school. These findings suggest that to research social support not only at peer but from parents in special need children at inclusive school in needed for making friendship quality.

Abstrak :

Konteks terjadinya perundungan (bullying) ditemukan tidak hanya di sekolah reguler, melainkan juga di sekolah inklusif. Siswa berkebutuhan khusus merupakan kelompok yang rentan mengalami perundungan di sekolah. Bystander dewasa seperti guru, staf sekolah, dan orang tua, diketahui memegang peranan penting dalam mencegah dan mengatasi perundungan yang ditujukan untuk siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah inklusif. Bystander dewasa yang menunjukkan intensi untuk menolong korban perundungan, dapat mencegah dan mengurangi perundungan di sekolah. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menguji program pencegahan perundungan “SERASI” (Sekolah Ramah Inklusi) untuk meningkatkan intensi menolong bystander dewasa dalam kejadian perundungan terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Program diberikan dalam tiga sesi yang masing-masing sesinya berdurasi selama dua jam. Berdasarkan hasil uji paired sample t-test, diketahui bahwa program pencegahan perundungan SERASI dapat meningkatkan intensi menolong bystander dewasa dalam kejadian perundungan terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus (M pretest = 4,91; M posttest = 5,24; t= 5,071; df= 37; p<0,05).

 

Kata kunci: bystander dewasa; intensi menolong; perundungan; sekolah dasar inklusif; siswa berkebutuhan khusus.

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Bullying happened not only in regular schools, but also in inclusive schools. Students with special need posses high risk to be bullied at school by regular students. Adult bystanders, for instance, teachers, school staff, and parents, held significant role to fight against bullying toward special need students in inclusive school. Adult bystanders who show high degree of helping intention, more likely success in prevent bullying incident. This research aim to evaluate anti bullying program SERASI to improve adult bystander’s helping intention when bullying occur in inclusive school context. Program is delivered through three sections, which last about two hours per each session. Paired sample t-test revealed that anti bullying program SERASI effectively improve adult bystander’s helping intention in a bullying case toward special need students in inclusive school (M pretest = 4,91; M posttest = 5,24; t= 5,071; df= 37; p<0,05).

 

Keywords: adult bystander; bullying; helping intention; inclusive school; special need students.

Abstrak :
Siswa berkebutuhan khusus merupakan kategori murid di kelas yang menjadi perhatian para guru karena keistimewaan mereka yang jauh dari kondisi normal anak seusianya. Karakteristik anak berkebutuhan khusus yang tidak dipahami oleh guru dengan metode terbaik dalam proses belajar mengajar di kelas akan berdampak stres pada guru dan menimbulkan masalah psikologis pada guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat stres guru sekolah dasar inklusif dengan guru sekolah dasar non-inklusif yang tidak mengajar siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik komparatif pada 60 responden guru sekolah dasar inklusif dan sekolah dasar non-inklusif di kota Depok yang diambil dengan metode purposive sampling. Tingkat stres diukur menggunakan instrument Wilson Stress Profile for Teacher WSPT , dan dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan tingkat stres antara guru sekolah dasar inklusif dengan guru sekolah dasar non-inklusif p > 0,05 . Perawat kesehatan sekolah perlu melakukan pengkajian terkait kondisi psikososial guru yang belum mengikuti pelatihan tentang siswa berkebutuhan khusus dan guru mengajar siswa berkebutuhan khusus lebih dari 1 siswa di kelas. ......Students with special needs in the classroom require a significant amount of teacher attention and effort due to the nature of their illness or condition. Teachers, particularly at the elementary level, recognise they need to find the best method to cater to the students rsquo needs while also managing their time efficiently and effectively, so as to not create a heavier workload and psychological problems. This study aims to determine the difference in stress levels experienced by inclusive elementary school teachers who teach students with special needs and non inclusive elementary school teachers who do not teach students with special needs. There were 60 teachers who participated in the comparative study who were selected from inclusive and non inclusive elementary schools in Depok. These participants were selected based on certain criteria established in the research purposive sampling method . The stress level is known using the Wilson Stress Profile for Teacher WSPT instrument, and bivariate analysis using chi square statistical tests. The results of this study shows that there is no significant difference in stress level between inclusive elementary school teachers and non inclusive elementary school teachers p 0,05 . School health nurses need to undertake an assessment of the psychosocial condition of teachers who have not attended prior training on students with special needs. Teachers are also recommended to undergo the assessment should they have more than one student with special needs in their class.

Abstrak :
Kualitas pertemanan merupakan hal yang paling penting untuk dilihat dalam meneliti mengenai pertemanan anak-anak, termasuk anak berkebutuhan khusus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara keterampilan komunikasi dan kualitas pertemanan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan kualitas pertemanan dari anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Dalam penelitian ini, keterampilan komunikasi diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur Social Skills Improvement System SSIS dimensi komunikasi yang dikembangkan oleh Gresham dan Elliott 2008, sedangkan kualitas pertemanan diukur dengan menggunakan alat ukur Friendship Quality Questionnaire FQQ yang dikembangkan oleh Parker dan Asher 1993. Partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah anak berkebutuhan khusus yang berusia antara 7 hingga 12 tahun, hanya memiliki satu jenis kebutuhan khusus, memiliki tingkat gangguan yang tergolong ringan, dan memiliki kemampuan membaca N = 108. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara keterampilan komunikasi dan kualitas pertemanan pada anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif. Dengan kata lain, semakin tinggi keterampilan komunikasi dari anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif, semakin tinggi pula kualitas pertemanannya. Hasil dari penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari kualitas pertemanan anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah dasar inklusif berdasarkan jenis kelamin. ......Friendship quality is the most important thing to be seen when studying about friendship of children, including children with special needs. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between communication skills and friendship quality among children with special needs in inclusive primary school. This study was also aimed to examine the difference of friendship quality of children with special needs in inclusive primary school by gender. In this study, communication skills was measured by the communication dimension of Social Skills Improvement System SSIS Gresham Elliott, 2008, meanwhile friendship quality was measured byFriendship Quality Questionnaire FQQ Parker Asher,1993. Participants of this study consisted of children with special needs aged between 7 and 12 years, only have one type of special needs, have a mild level of disability, and have the ability to read N 108 . This study was a correlational study which was conducted with a quantitative approach. The results of this study showed a significant relationship between communication skills and friendship quality among children with special needs in inclusive primary school r 0.613, p 0.01. This meansthe higher the communication skills of children with special needs, the higher their friendship quality is. The result of this study also showed a significant difference of friendship quality of children with special needs in inclusive primary school by gende.

Abstrak :
Kreativitas merupakan kemampuan penting yang dapat membantu individu dalam menjalani aktivitas sehari - hari. Dengan begitu, kemampuan ini perlu dikembangkan sedini mungkin. Pada setting pendidikan, guru merupakan individu yang memiliki peran dalam mengembangkan kemampuan kreativitas. Agar guru maksimal dalam menjalankan peran tersebut, diperlukan kesejahteraan dalam dirinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara teacher subjective well-being dan creativity fostering teacher behavior dengan guru sekolah dasar inklusif sebanyak 142 individu menjadi partisipan. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah adaptasi CFTIndex oleh Kurniawati dkk. (2022) dan adaptasi TSWQ oleh Saleh dkk. (nd). Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan hubungan positif yang signifikan antara teacher subjective well-being dengan creativity fostering teacher behavior pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif (rs 0.363, p<0,01). Hal tersebut berarti jika teacher subjective well-being yang dialami guru meningkat, maka akan semakin baik creativity fostering teacher behavior yang dilakukan guru. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini adalah memberikan wawasan dan kesadaran bagi pihak guru, sekolah, dan pemerintah akan pentingnya teacher subjective well-being saat guru melakukan creativity fostering teacher behavior. ......Creativity is an important ability that can help individuals in carrying out their daily activities. Thus, this ability needs to be developed as early as possible. In the education setting, teachers are individuals who have a role in developing creativity abilities. In order for the teacher to carry out this role, well-being is needed in them. This study aims to look at the relationship between teacher subjective well-being and creativity fostering teacher behavior with inclusive elementary school teachers as many as 142 individuals participating. The measuring tool used in this study is the adaptation of the CFTIndex by Kurniawati et al. (2022) and the TSWQ adaptation by Saleh et al. (n.d.). The results of the correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive relationship between teacher subjective well-being with creativity fostering teacher behavior in inclusive primary school teachers (rs 0.363, p<0.01). It means if teacher subjective well-being experienced by the teacher increases, the better creativity fostering teacher behavior that the teacher does. The implication of the results of this research is to provide insight and awareness for teachers, schools, and the government of the importance of teacher subjective well-being when the teacher does creativity fostering teacher behavior.

Abstrak :
Membangun kepercayaan diri dalam mengajar memerlukan wellbeing yang baik. Studi sebelumnya menjelaskan ada faktor di lingkungan sekolah yang mempengaruhi subjective wellbeing seorang guru salah satunya Student-teacher relationship. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Student-teacher relationship dan Teacher’s Subjective Wellbeing di sekolah inklusif. Partisipan merupakan 55 guru (19 pria & 36 Wanita; M = 32.16, SD = 7.223) yang mengajar di Sekolah dasar inklusif. untuk mengukur student-teacher relationship, peneliti menggunakan Student-teacher relationship scale short form dan teacher’s subjective wellbeing diukur menggunakan Teacher’s Subjective Wellbeing: Teacher Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire. Hasil perhitungan spearman correlation menunjukan tedapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara student-teacher relationship dan teacher’s subjective wellbeing (r 3.48, p< 0,05). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa Artinya jika guru memiliki perspesi positif terhadap hubungan yang dimiliki dengan murid, maka semakin baik persepsi subjective wellbeing yang ia miliki. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya peranan menjaga hubungan yang baik antara guru dan siswa agar guru merasa sejahtera mengajar di sekolah dasar inklusif. ......Building self-confidence in teaching requires good well-being. Previous studies have explained that there are factors in the school environment that affect the subjective well-being of a teacher, one of which is the student-teacher relationship. This study aims to determine the relationship between Student-teacher relationship and Teacher's Subjective Wellbeing in inclusive schools. The participants were 55 teachers (19 male & 36 female; M = 32.16, SD = 7,223) who teach in inclusive primary schools. To measure student-teacher relationship, researchers used Student-teacher relationship scale short form and teacher's subjective well-being was measured using Teacher's Subjective Wellbeing: Teacher Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire. The results of the Spearman correlation calculation show that there is a significant positive relationship between student-teacher relationship and teacher's subjective well-being (r 3.48, p < 0.05). This shows that this means that if the teacher has a positive perception of the relationship he has with his students, the better his subjective well-being perception will be. This study shows the importance of the role of maintaining a good relationship between teachers and students so that teachers feel prosperous teaching in inclusive elementary schools.

Abstrak :
Penyesuian keadaan seperti tantangan, tugas guru yang lebih tinggi dan peran guru di sekolah dasar inklusif dapat menjadi penyebab stres. Stres yang tinggi akan menurunkan tingkat kesejahteraan subjektif guru atau TSWB. Untuk meminimalisir stres tersebut membutuhkan coping. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara coping dengan TSWB di sekolah dasar inklusif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 76 guru sekolah dasar inklusif. Hasil perhitungan pearson correlation menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara emotion-focused coping (r = 0,610, p<0,01) , problem-focused coping (r = 0,530, p<0,01) dan avoidant coping (r = 0,469, p<0,01) dengan TSWB di sekolah dasar inklusif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, dan avoidant coping berhubungan secara positif dengan TSWB di sekolah dasar inklusif. ......Adjustment of circumstances such as challenges, higher teacher duties and the role of teachers in inclusive primary schools can be a cause of stress. High stress will reduce the level of subjective well-being of teachers or TSWB. To minimize this stress requires coping. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between coping and TSWB in inclusive elementary schools. This research was conducted on 76 inclusive elementary school teachers. The results of the Pearson correlation calculation show that there is a significant positive relationship between emotion-focused coping (r = 0.610, p<0.01) , problem-focused coping (r = 0.530, p<0.01) and avoidant coping (r = 0.469 , p<0.01) with TSWB in inclusive primary schools. It can be concluded that emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and avoidant coping are positively related to TSWB in inclusive elementary schools.