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"ABSTRACTEducation has received increased attention within the humanitarian sector. In conflict-affected contexts, access to education may be hampered by attacks against and the military use of educational facilities as well as attacks and threats of attacks against students, teachers and other education-related persons. Affected populations may also find themselves unable to access education, for example due to displacement. This article looks into the different sets of humanitarian responses aimed at (1) ensuring the protection of educational facilities and related persons, mostly through advocacy efforts centred on weapons bearers, and (2) (re-)establishing education services where they are not present or are no longer functioning, mostly through programmes directed at affected populations. It then argues that, in contrast with dominant practices, the protection of education can also be ensured through programmatic responses with meaningful participation of affected communities, and examines the example of the Safer Schools programme in Ukraine."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini membahas kedudukan peserta didik sebagai konsumen, lembagapendidikan sebagai pelaku usaha, dan pemerintah sebagai pengatur, penyelenggara,pembina dan pengawas. Termasuk hak, kewajiban dan tanggung jawab para pihaktersebut. Selanjutnya diuraikan kasus pelanggaran hak peserta didik, dan upayapenyelesaian sengketa konsumen jasa pendidikan. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini,bersifat kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyarankanmempertegas kedudukan peserta didik sebagai pengguna/konsumen jasa pendidikandalam Undang-Undang Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Serta perlunyasosialisasi, pendidikan konsumen, pengawasan dan advokasi terhadap pelanggaranhak peserta didik.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis analyze the legal standing of student as the consumer, educationalinstitution as producer, and the Government as regulator, practitioner, builder andcaretaker. Including the rights and obligation of the fullfilment. Also description theproblems that arise from the fullfilment such obligation from the parties involved andlegal action to solve that problems based on consumer protection law. The researchconclusion that in Law number 20 year 2003 about National Education System muststressing the position student as consumer of education system. Then imperative thesocialization, educating consumer, guard and advocating about the violation of therights of the student as consumer."

"Tulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana pengaturan penyelenggaraan, pengaturan pelindungan konsumen, dan peran pemerintah pada sektor pendidikan nonformal khususnya kursus dan pelatihan daring. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Pendidikan nonformal merupakan jalur pendidikan di luar pendidikan formal yang terstruktur dan berjenjang. Pendidikan nonformal berperan dalam memberikan keterampilan praktis, pengetahuan khusus, dan pelatihan yang relevan dengan kebutuhan individu dan masyarakat. Di era digital saat ini, perkembangan teknologi pendidikan (educational technology) semakin pesat. Teknologi ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menciptakan metode pembelajaran yang lebih interaktif, menarik, dan efektif bagi peserta didik. Kemendikbud bertanggung jawab atas pengawasan seluruh pendidikan nonformal, namun dalam praktiknya tidak demikian. Hal ini menimbulkan ketidakpastian akan pelindungan hukum terhadap peserta didik sebagaikonsumen lembaga pendidikan kursus dan pelatihan daring.

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This paper analyses the implementation arrangements, consumer protection arrangements, and the role of the government in the non-formal education sector, especially online courses and training. This paper is prepared using doctrinal research method. Non-formal education is an education path outside formal education that is structured and tiered. Non-formal education plays a role in providing practical skills, specialised knowledge, and training relevant to the needs of individuals and society. In today's digital era, the development of educational technology is accelerating. This technology can be utilised to create more interactive, interesting and effective learning methods for learners. The Ministry of Education and Culture is responsible for the supervision of all non-formal education, but in practice this is not the case. This creates uncertainty over the legal protection of learners as consumers of online courses and training institutions."