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Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengamati perilaku makan nokturnal serta membandingkan preferensi pakan dan waktu makan setelah matahari terbenam dan menjelang matahari terbit Tarsius fuscus di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata (PSSP). Pengambilan data perilaku makan T. fuscus menggunakan metode scan animal sampling dan ad libitum sampling selama 26 hari dengan total waktu pengamatan 6240 menit. Waktu pengamatan terbagi atas dua fase, yaitu pada sore hari pukul 17.00--21.00 WIB dan pagi hari pukul 03.00--07.00 WIB. Perilaku makan T. fuscus di penangkaran menunjukkan masih mempertahankan aktivitas makan crepuscular nokturnalnya dengan adanya beberapa titik puncak waktu makan pada preferensi waktu makan yaitu sore hari setelah matahari terbenam dan pagi hari menjelang matahari terbit. Preferensi spot atau tempat makan T. fuscus yaitu jantan dan betina pada kemiringan 10o--80o serta anak pada kemiringan 0o--10o. Preferensi jenis pakan T. fuscus yang teramati yaitu ulat pada jantan serta jangkrik pada betina dan anak.

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A research that aims to observe the nocturnal and crepuscular feeding behavior of Tarsius fuscus that also compares their feed and feeding preferences was carried out at Primate Research Center. The data for feeding behavior of T. fuscus is collected using the focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods for 26 days with a total observation time of 6240 minutes. The tarsier?s were observe at different time periods, during evening (05.00--09.00 pm western time) and morning (03.00--07.00 am western time). The feeding behavior of T. fuscus in captivity shows they still maintain their crepuscular nocturnal feeding activity which has peak feeding times with preferred feeding time during after sunset and before sunrise. The preferred eating spot/position of male and female T. fuscus is at a slop 10o--80o and at a slope 0o--10o for infant. The feed preferences T. fuscus is caterpillar on males and crickets on females and infant.

Abstrak :
Mentawaians sing ritual songs enshrined in archaic texts referring to particular primates and birds, while ritual and traditional dances imitate how gibbons, sea eagles, and other animals live in the natural world. Mentawaians craft sculptures of endemic primates and unique birds. The bilou gibbon ape and various other animals also symbolize specific sacred knowledge within the sabulungan spiritual belief system and traditional cosmology of Mentawai society. Although some do succeed in surviving, many older traditions have faded away. Among the traditions which continue intact, this report aims to examine the roles of primates and birds across the arts and in the Mentawai belief system to reveal the profound depth of connection between humanity and the natural world throughout Mentawai traditional culture.

Abstrak :
This paper aims to review some highlights on the effects of environmental stresses on the non-human primate population, particularly, climate change and food limitation that may have resulted in their poor reproductive performance. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists more than a third of the world’s primates as critically endangered or vulnerable. Non-human primates, which are the closest biological relatives of humans, are threatened with extinction from human activities and environmental stress. Deforestation is the main problem that intercalates with climate change. Either, indirectly or directly, those extinction factors could interrupt the physiological basis of reproduction among non-human primates. Researches on other species showed that high ambient temperature causing heat stress had harmed there productive performance by interfering with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Therefore, the survival, conservation and sustainability of nonhuman primates growing in captivity and in the wild, require more works and researches to be done

Abstrak :
Hasil-hasil investigasi epidemiologi akan sangat membantu para dokter hewan untukmemperoleh informasi dalam penanganan suatu penyakit. Demikian pula investigasi epidemiologi pada manajemen orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan, akan sangat bermanfaat memberikan informasi dan data di dalam menyelenggarakan pengelolaan orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan. Data tingkah laku orangutan di dalam kandang, sistem perkandangan, mutu dan jumlah pakan yang diberikan, catatan tentang status kesehatan, uji tuberkulinasi, hematologi normal, elektrokardiogram normal, kimia klinik normal, prosedur kontrasepsi, kesemuanya ini bisa dipakai di dalam pengelolaan kesehatan orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan. Populasi orangutan kalimantan di alam makin lama makin menurun, antara lain disebabkan oleh perburuan liar. Oleh karena itu bagaimanapun juga usaha reintroduksi harus dilakukan secara berkesinambungan pula. Untuk tujuan itu diperlukan generasi orangutan yang memenuhi sarat untuk di reintroduksikan ke alam. Jadi Kebun Binatang harus mampu menghasilkan generasi orangutan yang sehat, tidak berpenyakit menular, tidak mengidap endoparasit, ektoparasit, serta tetap memiliki sifat-sifat alaminya. Orangutan termasuk anggota kera besar yang mempunyai kantung udara luas dan berkelok-kelok, sehingga memudahkan terjadinya infeksi yang bersifat kronis. Pada umumnya radang kantong udara pada orangutan kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Surabaya dart Kebun Binatang di Luar Negeri kesemuanya bersifat kronis. Dan eksudatnya dapat diisolasi bakteria Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Proteus vulganis, Escherechia coll. Bakteri-bakteri ini pada umurnnya bukan patogen juga terhadap manusia, tetapi pada isolasi kuman dari eksudat radang kantong udara pada orangutan jantan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan juga ditemukan bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae yang sangat patogen terhadap manusia, satwa liar, hewan ternak dan hewan kesayangan. Bahkan Streptococcus pneumoniae ini bisa menular dari satwa kepada manusia yang disebut zoonosis dan dari manusia ke satwa yang disebut anthropozoonosis. Radang kantong udara pada orangutan Kalimantan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan dan Kebun Binatang Surabaya ini, baru pertama kali dilaporkan di Indonesia. Ditemukannya bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae di eksudat radang kantong udara pada orangutan di Kebun Binatang Ragunan juga baru pertama kali dilaporkan. ...... Kalimantan orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus, Hoppius, 1763) is member of the great ape group which is endemic in Kalimantan island of Indonesia. Its fur color is reddish, dark or light brown. The fur is quite long and dense, especially at the shoulders and arms. Its head rump length (HRL) is approximately 1.25 - 1.5 meters (exceptionally, the HRL might reach 1.8 meters). The average body weight of the female is about 40 kg and of the male is about 75 - 100 kg. The orangutans is highly adapted to an arboreal mode of life, therefore it is considered as the true arboreal member of the great ape group. It explores the jungle of Kalimantan by swinging from branch to another branch of the tree. Its swinging movement is supported by its arms, which are longer and stronger than the arms of the other great apes. Its arms spread is about 2.25 meters. Most of the males have large cheek flanges which consist of fibrous tissue, at the side of the face. The width and length of the cheek flanges mature male is about 10 centimeters and 20 centimeters respectively. It also has a throat sac, which is called "air sac". The sac is extremely developed and can take in several litters of air. Due to the drastic decrease of its in situ population, caused by illegal hunting and other reasons, the orangutan has been considered as an endangered species (IUCN - Appendix I) and its existence has been strictly protected by law (Fauna Protection Ordinance, 1931 - Stbl 134 and 226). Recently, reintroduction program has been considered as an effective approach to conserve the orangutan population in its in situ habitat. This program begins with the breeding program of the orangutan in the captive environment which is a simulated environment of its native habitat. The goal of captive breeding program is to bear the offspring of the orangutan which will be reintroduced to its native habitat later on, in healthy condition, free from infectious deseases, endo and ecto parasites and still bears its natural behavior. The Zoological Park would be the right institution to conduct the program. The captive (ex situ) breeding program of the orangutan has been being conducted by the Ragunan Zoological Park in Jakarta to study epidemiological, behavior, and other biological aspects of the orangutan in order to support the reintroduction program. Specifically, the study has examined and or investigated the medical records, feed and nutrition, behavior, tuberculin test, contraceptive procedure, normal electrocardiogram, normal hematology, clinical chemistry, caging contruction and management (include sanitation), preventive and curative disease treatment and raising procedure. The medical data, which has been collected for five years, indicated that the orangutan raised in the open cages was healthier than the one raised in the close cages. It was observed that the former group was rarely infected by any diseases. The investment of the open cage was more expensive than the close cage during construction period, but relatively very small cost was needed for maintenance in the long run. The air sacullitis case among the orangutan in Kalimantan has never been reported. This disease is a chronic disease. However, the case was reported among the orangutan raised in the foreign countries. It was reported that the case was caused by the Pseudomonas sp, Proteus sp and by Ischerechia call. These bacteria are not pathogen. The examination of air saculitis exudate derived from the orangutan raised in the Ragunan Zoo, has been sucsesful in isolating the Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacteria is pathogen and anthropozoonosis to human and to other wild or domesticated animals.

Abstrak :
The book grows out of a symposium Wang is organizing for the 78th annual meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists to be held in April 2009. This symposium will highlight recent and ongoing research in, or related to, physical anthropology, and reveal the numerous research opportunities that still exist at this unusual rhesus facility. Following an initial historical review of CPRC and its research activities, this book will emphasize recent and current researches on growth, function, genetics, pathology, aging, and behavior, and the impact of these researches on our understanding of rhesus and human morphology, development, genetics, and behavior. Fourteen researchers will present recent and current studies on morphology, genetics, and behavior, with relevance to primate and human growth, health, and evolution.

Abstrak :
Perusakan habitat hutan, pengalihan fungsi hutan yang berlebihan serta penangkapan dan penjualan ilegal satwa liar membuat semakin banyaknya satwa di Indonesia yang terancam punah atau bahkan benar-benar punah. Edukasi kepada masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran publik akan pentingnya pelestarian satwa liar rnemainkan peranan panting dalam pelestarian satwa liar. Pusat Primata Schmutzer yang merupakan pusat konservasi primata dengan tujuan perlindungan dan pelestarian primata Indonesia, juga berupaya memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat untuk lebih menghargai dan peduli pada keindahan satwa liar Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencoba mengevaluasi program pemasaran sosial yang telah dilakukan Pusat Primata Schmutzer dalam menyampaikan informasi tentang satwa primata, memperkenalkan konsep keberadaan Pusat Primata Schmutzer yang lebih dari sekedar zoo tetapi lebih mengutamakan kesejahteraan serta konservasi satwa primata, serta upaya meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat akan pelestarian satwa primata. Outcome evaluation dengan mengukur peningkatan knowledge serta perubahan attitude dilakukan untuk menilai efektivitas program komunikasi Pusat Primata Schmutzer kepada pengunjung umum. Melalui perbandingan hasil kuesioner dari sampel pengunjung umum untuk mengukur knowledge dan attitude sebelum dan sesudah berkunjung ke Pusat Primata Schmutzer, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh Pusat Primata Schmutzcr mempunyai kontribusi dalam meningkatkan knowledge pengunjung dewasa maupun anak-anak. Peningkatan knowledge diharapkan akan mendorong perubahan sikap pengunjung Pusat Primata Schmutzer agar lebih menghargai pelestarian satwa primata bahkan lebih jauh diharapkan mendorong mereka untuk turut berperan serta dalam upaya konservasi satwa primata serta satwa liar lainnya. Dari hasil penelitian ternyata tidak terjadi perubahan attitude yang signifikan pada responden pengunjung dewasa. Attitude mereka sebetulnya sudah cukup positif, mereka bisa menerima konsep kesejahteraan dan konservasi satwa serta edukasi bagi pengunjung yang menjadi perhatian utama Pusat Primata Schmutzer, termasuk juga menerima dengan baik peraturan yang diterapkan bagi pengunjung serta sikap yang positif terhadap upaya pelestarian satwa primata. Tetapi masih ada beberapa hal yang perlu upaya untuk lebih ditingkatkan serta sate attitude yaitu pemanfaatan satwa primata untuk atraksi hiburan yang ternyata masih negatif tidak seperti apa yang diharapkan. Sementara itu untuk responden anak-anak, terjadi perubahan attitude setelah mereka berkunjung ke Pusat Primata Schmutzer, tetapi terbatas hanya pada beberapa hal saja seperti sikap terhadap peraturan dan edukasi tentang satwa primata di Pusat Primata Schmutzer, serta sikap untuk menjadi bagian dari upaya penyelamatan alarm Tetapi masih terdapat beberapa attitude yang masih lemah dan perlu upaya agar lebih positif serta attitude terhadap pemanfaatan satwa primata untuk atraksi hiburan yang masih negatif. PPS perlu mengupayakan perbaikan penyampaian inforinasi kepada pengunjung dengan tingkat pendidikan SMP ke bawah, dengan melakukan perbaikan pesan di papan informasi atau perubikan inforrnasi di area binatang yang lebih fokus, sederhana, menarik, informatif sehingga mudah dimengerti oleh pengunjung dengan berbagai tingkat pendidikan. Selain itu diperlukan guidance untuk penyampaian informasi kepada anakanak yang dilakukan melalui program kunjungan sekolah. PPS sebaiknya juga lebih mempromosikan kegiatan seperti Kuliah Primata atau Program Sahabat Primata agar peningkatan knowledge pengunjung tidak hanya bersifat sementara. Untuk mendorong perubahan attitude, PPS dapat menyampaikan pesan yang mengarahkan pada attitude yang spesifik, pesan yang cukup kuat dan lebih fokus untuk membawa perubahan attitude. Selain itu juga memberikan informasi yang menyampaikan akibat atau hasil yang dirasakan bila manusia melestarikan satwa primata. Alternatif yang lain adalah dengan animal show tetapi tanpa mengeksploitir satwa primata. Pusat Primata Schmutzer perlu melakukan upaya yang terns menerus untuk mempengaruhi attitude bahkan diharapkan mampu mengubah behavior pengunjung terhadap pelestarian satwa primata. Kenyataan bahwa sebagian besar pengunjung datang ke Pusat Primata Schmutzer dengan tujuan berekreasi, sedikit dari mereka yang sengaja datang untuk mendapatkan informasi dan pesan tentang konservasi, maka menjadi tantangan bagi Pusat Primata Schmutzer untuk menyampaikan pesan kepada pengunjung yang dikemas dalam suasana hiburan dan rekreasi. Pemanfaatan berbagai media konwnikasi hendaknya dilakukan dengan lebih baik, dengan pesan yang lebih fokus, lebih menarik perhatian, pesan yang informatif bagi target adopter, sehingga mudah dipahami dan mampu mendorong perubahan sikap bahkan perilaku pengunjung PPS agar mereka lebih berperan dalam pelestarian satwa primata, bahkan diharapkan juga pelestarian satwa liar lainnya, serta pelestarian habitat mereka.

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Destruction of forest habitat, conversion of forest function, hunting and illegal wildlife trade make more and more Indonesia's wildlife threatened with extinction or even totally disappeared. Education and public awareness can play an important role in conservation of wildlife. Schmutzer Primate Centre is a primate conservation center that aim to protect and conserve Indonesia's primate. Schmutzer Primate Center also would help to teach people to appreciate and care for the beautiful of Indonesia's wildlife. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Schmutzer Primate Centre social marketing program to give information to the visitor about primate, introducing the concept of Schmutzer Primate Centre which more than a zoo but give priority to animal welfare and conservation, and also strive to increase public awareness of primate conservation. Outcome evaluation to measure increase in knowledge and change in attitude conducted to assess the communication program effectiveness of Schmutzer Primate Centre. Through comparing responses to questionnaires from pre- and post-visit samples, this study found that communication program has contribution in improving knowledge of adult visitors and children visitors. This increase in knowledge is expected encourage visitors to change their attitude to be more respectful of primate conservation and also expected encourage them to be the part of primate conservation and other wildlife conservation effort. In relation to attitude change, no significant changes were found in the attitudes of post-visit adult respondents as a result of communication program in the centre. Respondents had positive attitudes toward animal welfare and wildlife conservation in Schmutzer Primate Centre; they can accept the rule for the visitor in the centre, and positive attitudes toward primate conservation. But there are some matters which need effort to improve and respondents also hold a negative attitude towards exploiting primate for entertainment. This study found that attitude change did occur in children respondents as a result of communication program in Schmutzer Primate Centre, but limited to some matters. The program was effective in changing attitudes in post-visit children respondents relating to the rule for visitor in the centre, education about primate in the centre, and attitude towards the effort to save the environment. But the children also hold some negative attitudes and still need some efforts to change those attitudes, and one negative attitude towards exploiting primate for entertainment. Schmutzer Primate Centre needs to improve delivering effective message to visitors with low education level. Messages that presented in information board or in animal area should be focused, simple, attractive, clear, so that is easy to understood by visitors in any level of education. Schmutzer Primate Centre should also provide guidance program to deliver information to the children that can be done is zoo visit of school group. It is also recommended that Schmutzer Primate Centre need to promote the activities like Kuliah Primata or Sahabat Primata Program. Schmutzer Primate Centre needs to direct their interpretive messages toward changing specific attitudes. The messages should be strong and focused to bring about the desired changes in attitudes. In addition, it needs to give information about the impact if we save the primate. Other alternative is the use of animal show without exploit them can provide educational experiences to the visitors. It is recommended that Schmutzer Primate Centre need to do a continuous effort to influence people's attitude and behavior toward primate conservation. People come to Schmutzer Primate Centre for recreation and few of them come to be educated or to get information about conservation. It is Schmutzer Primate Center?s challenge, then, to provide them with educational experiences that are founded in entertainment. Schmutzer Primate Centre should utilize various communication media to deliver educational message to the visitors so it can improve people's conservation knowledge, enhanced environmental attitudes, and become part of the movement to save our natural heritage.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai endoparasit pada sampel feses Macaca fascicularis dan Macaca nemestrina di Kebun Binatang Taman Sari Bandung, pada bulan Desember 2010--Mei 2011. Penelitian bersifat non-eksperimental dan bertujuan untuk mengamati endoparasit pada sampel feses Macaca fascicularis dan Macaca nemestrina ditinjau dari kehadiran endoparasit. Sebanyak 61 sampel feses telah diperiksa dengan 31 sampel feses Macaca fascicularis dan 30 sampel feses Macaca nemestrina. Sampel feses dianalisis menggunakan metode Pengapungan Sentrifugasi. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dari 31 sampel feses Macaca fascicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides merupakan endoparasit yang ditemukan dengan frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi yaitu 77,41%. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan dari 30 sampel feses Macaca nemestrina, Trichuris trichiura merupakan endoparasit yang ditemukan dengan frekuensi kehadiran tertinggi. ......This research was conducted to identify endoparasites on fecal samples of Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina at Taman Sari Zoo, on Bandung, since December 2010 until May 2011. The aim of this non experimental research was to observe the presence of endoparasite from fecal sample of Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina. There were 61 fecal samples observed in this research consist of 31 fecal samples collected from Macaca fascicularis and 30 fecal samples collected from Macaca nemestrina. Fecal samples were analyzed by flotation centrifuge methods. The result showed that 31 fecal samples from Macaca fascicularis had the highest frequency of Ascaris lumbricoide (77,41%), meanwhile 30 fecal samples from Macaca nemestrina showed that Trichuris trichiura found to be the highest frequency (76,6%).