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"Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui sensitivitas berudu katak lembu (Rana catesbeiana Shaw) terhadap paparan kalium dikromat. Sensitivitas beruduR. catesbeiana dideteksi dengan cara menghitung jumlah mikronukleus pada sediaan olesan darah yang diwarnai Giemsa. Paparan kalium dikromat dengan konsentrasi 5; 10; 20; dan 40 ppm pada berudu R. catesbeiana dilakukan selama 12 hari. Rata-rata jumlah mikronukleus per 1.000 eritrosit adalah 12; 12,4; 34,2; dan 22,6. Hasil uji Tukey menunjukkan bahwa jumlah mikronukleus rata-rata pada eritrosit berudu R. catesbeiana yang terpapar pada kalium dikromat dengan konsentrasi 5; 10; 20; dan 40 ppm berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol (kalium dikromat 0 ppm) pada a = - 0,01. Analisis regresi linier menunjukkan bahwa jumlah mikronukleus tidak meningkat dengan adanya peningkatan paparan kalium dikromat (Y = 0,3904 + 0,1379 X). Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa berudu R. catesbeiana cukup sensitive dalam mendeteksi induksi pembentukan mikronukleus yang disebabkan oleh kalium dikromat."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek in vitro kalium iodida (KI) pada produksi fosfatase asam dengan mengkarakterisasikan secara lengkap strain S.schenckii yang diisolasi dari seorang pasien dengan sporotrichosis kulit. Enzim fosfatase asam diukur selama 3 fase pertumbuhan S. schenckii, dengan dan tanpa KI yang ditambahkan pada medium kultur dengan 3 konsentrasi berbeda. Pada kontrol dan bahan uji dengan konsentrasi KI yang berbeda, tidak dijumpai efek samping KI pada produksi fosfatase asam, pada fase awal dan “mid-log” pertumbuhan jamur. Sedangkan pada fase eksponensial dari bahan uji tampak penurunan produksi enzim yang bermakna secara statistik dengan kadar KI 0,8% dan 3,2%. Aktivitas yang rendah pada kadar KI 0,8% dan 3,2% menunjukkan bahwa KI mempunyai efek hambatan pertumbuhan S.schenkii dan menyebabkan penurunan aktivitas enzim. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 65-8)

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The present study was undertaken to find out the in-vitro effect of potassium iodide (KI) on the production of acid phosphatase by fully characterized strain of S.schenckii isolated from a patient of Cutaneous Sporotrichosis. The enzyme acid phosphatase was estimated during the 3 phases of growth of S.schenckii, without and with three concentrations of KI incorporated in the culture medium. In the control and in the test proper, with various concentrations of KI, no adverse effect of KI was observed on the production of acid phosphatase in early and mid log phase of fungal growth. Whereas in the exponential phase in test proper, there was a statistical significant decrease in the enzyme production with 0.8% and 3.2% of KI. The low activity at 0.8% and 3.2% KI indicates that KI has inhibitory effect on the growth of S.schenckii and has led to decrease in the activity of the enzyme. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 65-8)"

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ABSTRACT"

"Herba seledri (Apium graveolens Jacq) dan daun tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) telah dikenal masyarakat Indonesia sebagai obat herbal antihipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek tidak dikehendaki dari kedua campuran ekstrak tersebut terhadap volume urin 24 jam, kalium dan natrium di urin dan kadar kreatinin plasma pada tikus putih jantan yang dibuat hipertensi. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tujuh kelompok tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari enam ekor. Tikus pada kelompok uji dan kontrol hipertensi diinduksi dengan larutan natrium klorida 2% sebagai air minum selama 52 hari. Campuran ekstrak diberikan pada hari ke-15 sampai 51. Campuran ekstrak herba seledri dan daun tempuyung diberikan dalam dua dosis yang divariasikan, yaitu (0,023 g ekstrak seledri dan 0,114 g tempuyung/200 g BB) dan (0,034 g ekstrak seledri dan 0,171 g tempuyung/200 g BB). Sebagai pembanding digunakan kelompok kontrol normal, obat herbal pembanding (0,0432 g/200 g BB), ekstrak tunggal herba seledri (0,023 g/200 g BB) dan ekstrak daun tempuyung (0,114 g/200 g BB). Hasil ANOVA satu arah (α=0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan bermakna terhadap ekskresi urin 24 jam dan kadar kreatinin plasma tetapi meningkatkan secara bermakna ekskresi natrium dan kalium pada urin."

"Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is one of the important crop species in Indonesia, since over 80% of patchouli oil global market is produced in Indonesia. Pacthouli oil is the key ingredients for fragrance and aromatherapy products. Patchouli oil is extracted from the stems and leaves of pathouli plants. Therefore, it is important to improve Patchouli plant productivity and increase resources for sustainable patchouli cultivation. The suitability of abiotic factors in the growing environment of crops remarkably determines the success of crop production. This study aimed to assess and evaluate land suitability for plant growth and development of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) in Dilem Wilis, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency, Indonesia. Initially, a survey was conducted and then an analysis was done to classify the land suitability for crops cultivation. The research was conducted on 3 locations from May to July 2017 for land suitability and from July to November 2017 for Patchouli crops cultivation experiment. The results indicated that Location 1 had a land suitability of N class, implying that this location was not suitable due to its limiting factor of low IGO content (0.08 me/100 g). Meanwhile, both Location 2 and Location 3 showed similar land suitability class of S3s, tc, f, n signifying as less appropriate. The results of this study also indicated the influence of land suitability classes on plant growth however, the different classification (in this case S3 compared to N) did not demonstrate a correlation between land classes and oil yield and Patchouli alcohol, where the element Potassium was the limiting factor"

"Background: Hypokalemia is one of the most common electrolyte disorders in hospitalized patients. If hypokalemia were found, the underlying cause should be identified and treated. The incidence study of hypokalemia in Indonesia hospitalized patients is rarely reported.Objective: To investigate the incidence of hypokalemia in medical patients at the medical wards of department of internal medicine Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital.Method: Patients who required administration of parenteral fluid for various indications, irrespective of diagnosis, length of stay and types of infusion or medications were included in this study. Serum sodium and potassium concentration were checked twice, first at their admission and the second at discharge. The study form contained data record of patient's initials, age, gender, dates of admission and discharge, medical record number, laboratory findings of serum sodium and potassium concentration at admission and discharge.Result: 103 subjects were enrolled with mean age 49 years old (ratio of female: male = 70:30). Serum sodium concentration at admission and discharged were not significantly different. Incidence of hypokalemia was 26%. Furthermore, serum potassium concentration at admission and discharge showed significant reduction from mean concentration of 4.06 mmoUL to 3.83 mmol/L (with P=0.02). The number of patients with hypokalemia increased significantly during hospitalization (from 27 to 45 patients.with p= 0.023). Additional data showed that the types of infusion solutions given to patients are as follows: ringer's lactate (52 patients), normal saline (22 patients), D5W (20 patients) and asering/ringer's acetate (9 patients).Conclusion: The incidence of hypokalemia in medical patients at the medical wards of department of internal medicine Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital was 26%. These patients did not have sodium abnormalities. Number of patients with hypokalemia increased during hospitalization. Most infusion solutions administered contain very low concentration of potassium (ringer's lactate and ringer's acetate 4 mmol/L) or no potassium at all (normal saline, D5W)."

"Ksantorizol merupakan salah satu senyawa yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan sintesis dan uji aktivitas derivat ksantorizol sebagai inhibitor produksi nitrit oksida (NO) pada sel RAW 264,7. Sebanyak empat senyawa derivat ksantorizol telah berhasil disintesis dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, NMR dan HR-MS serta dilakukan uji aktivitas penghambatan NO menggunakan sel RAW 264,7 yang telah distimulasi menggunakan LPS. Esterifikasi ksantorizol (senyawa 1) dilakukan pada tahap pertama menghasilkan senyawa 2a dan gugus senyawa 2b dengan rendemen hasil sintesis masing-masing sebesar 58,49 % dan 63.2%. Selanjutnya senyawa 2a dan 2b dioksidasi menggunakan kalium permanganat menjadi senyawa 3a dan 3b dengan rendemen masing-masing 51,92% dan 43,78%. Hasil uji senyawa 1 ,2a ,3a, 3b dan sodium diklofenak sebagai kontrol positif masing-masing mempunyai nilai IC50 penghambatan produksi NO sebesar 31,82; 73,85; 354,05; 97,19; dan 78,43 µM, sedangkan untuk senyawa 2b tidak menunjukkan aktivitas terhadap penghambatan produksi NO. Uji sitotoksisitas senyawa 1 ,2a ,2b ,3a, 3b dan sodium diklofenak mempunyai nilai LD50 sebesar 30,97; 65,15; 31,15; 117,86; 53,40; dan 51,67 µM. Senyawa 2a, 3a, dan 3b aktivitasnya lebih rendah untuk menghambat produksi NO ketika dibandingkan ksantorizol (senyawa 1). Hasil uji sitotoksisitas menunjukkan senyawa 2a, 3a dan 3b mempunyai toksisitas lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ksantorizol.

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Xanthorrhizol is one of the compounds as anti-inflammatory activity. This experiment aimed were to synthesize xanthorrhizols derivate and examine their activity as inhibitory of nitric oxide (NO) production. Thus, four derivatives of xanthorrhizol were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR and 12C-NMR, HR-MS, as well as investigated their anti-inflammatory activity using RAW 264.7 macrophage cells LPS induced. The first stage of synthesis produced compounds, namely 2a and 2b yielding 58, 49 % and 63,26%, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 2a and 2b were oxidised using potassium permanganate, constructing compounds 3a and 3b yielding 51,92% and 43,78, respectively. The result revealed that compound 1, 2a, 3a, and 3b as well as diclofenac sodium, a positive control, had IC50 values of NO production, showing 31,82, 73,85, 354,05, 97,19 and 78,43 M, respectively. While for compound 2b, it didnt show activity. Cytotoxicity assay of compounds 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, and diclofenac sodium pointed the LD50 values, resulting 30,97, 65,15, 31,15, 117,86, 53,40, and 51,67 µM, respectively. Compound 2a, 3a and 3b showed lesser activity to inhibit NO production when compared with xanthorrhizol (compound 1). The result of the cytotoxicity tests implicated that compound 2a, 3a and 3b had a lower activity than xanthorrhizol. "

"Tesis ini mempelajari mengenai pengaruh injeksi Triazine dan Kalium Iodida sebagai Inhibitor korosi terhadap baja karbon dalam larutan 0.5M HCl. Melalui pengujian Polarisasi Tafel dan EIS diperlihatkan bahwa efek penambahan Kalium Iodida pada Triazine dapat meningkatkan efisiensi inhibitor dari 88,72% menjadi 94,23%. Dari pengujian polarisasi ditunjukkan bahwa inhibitor dapat menggeser kurva polarisasi kearah anodik dan katodik (mixed type inhibitor), yang menunjukkan ciri utama sebagai inhibitor dari bahan organik. Pengujian dengan FTIR memperkuat dugaan bahwa inhibitor ini termasuk sebagai inhibitor adsorpsi. Parameter Sinergis (S1) yang diperoleh adalah 1,78, nilai S1>1 mengindikasikan bahwa telah terjadi sinergistik antara ion Iodida dengan Triazine dan Ion logam, dimana Ion iodide berperan sebagai jembatan intermediasi antara ikatan kovalen koordinat (Triazine yang terprotonisasi) kemudian secara elektrostatis terikat pada permukaan logam yg sudah mengandung ion negati (I-).

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This thesis is intended to study upon the effect of Triazine and Potassium Iodide injection as Corrosion Inhibitor on carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution. Through Tafel polarization and EIS testing, demonstrated that inhibitors can reduce the corrosion rate of 94.23% efficiency at the concentration of 375 ppm inhibitor (Triazine 300 ppm and Kalium idodida 75 ppm). The polarization testing demonstrated that the inhibitors can shift the anodic and cathodic polarization curve direction (mixed type inhibitors), which shows the main features as inhibitors of organic material. Testing by using FTIR can conclude that this inhibitor is classified as adsorption inhibitors. The Synergistic parameters (S1) obtained is 1.78 where S1 values > 1 indicate that the addition of Kaium Iodida can improve the inhibitor efficiency because of synergistic effect, the synergistic of iodide ions against Triazine and metal ions happened where the iodide ion facilitates the adsorption of Triazine by forming intermediate bridge between the coordinate covalent bonds (Protonated Triazine) and being electrostatically bonded to the metal surface."

"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Salah satu reaksi transfusi lambat yang bersifat fatal adalah TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). Kejadian TA GVHD pada pasien immunocompromised diperkirakan sebesar 0,1- 1,0% dengan angka kematian sekitar 80- 90%.7 Upaya radiasi komponen darah seluler saat ini merupakan cara yang paling efisien dan dapat diandalkan untuk mencegah TA-GVHD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efek berbagai dosis radiasi terhadap sel darah merah selama penyimpanan. Metodologi : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif analitik pada 72 sediaan sel darah merah yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Sediaan sel darah merah dibagi menjadi 4 grup, yaitu grup yang mendapat dosis 2500,3000,5000 cGy dan kontrol. Dilakukan pengujian OFT dan kadar kalium pada hari pertama, ketiga dan kelima penyimpanan.Hasil : Terjadi peningkatan kadar kalium yang bermakna secara statistik mulai dari hari pertama setelah dilakukan radiasi pada semua dosis. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna ketahanan membran sel darah merah terhadap semua dosis radiasi selama penyimpanan sampai hari kelima.Simpulan : Radiasi pada dosis 2500-5000 cGy dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadarkalium dan tidak menyebabkan perubahan fragilitas sel darah merah yang disimpan selama 5 hari setelah radiasi. Perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai mutu sediaan sel darah merah selama penyimpanan setelah dilakukan radiasi seperti melihat tingkat hemolisis (hemolisis rate).

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ABSTRACTBackground: One of the delayed transfusion reactions that are fatal is TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). TA incidence of GVHD in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 0.1 to 1.0% with a mortality rate of approximately 80-90% .7 Efforts irradiation of cellular blood components is currently the most efficient way and a reliable way to prevent TA-GVHD. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of irradiation effects on red blood cells during storage.Method: This study used a descriptive analytic design at 72 red blood cell preparations that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The preparation of red blood cells were divided into 4 groups, ie the group that received 2500,3000,5000 cGy dose and control. OFT testing and potassium levels on the first day, the third and fifth storage.Results: An increase in potassium levels was statistically significant from the first day after irradiation at all doses. Found no significant differences in red blood cell membrane resistance to all doses of irradiation during storage until the fifth day. Conclusion: Irradiation at doses of 2500-5000 cGy can cause increased pottasium level and does not cause changes fragility of red blood cells stored for 5 days after irradiation. The need for further research on the quality of the preparation of red blood cells during storage after irradiation as seen levels of hemolysis (hemolysis rate).;Background: One of the delayed transfusion reactions that are fatal is TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). TA incidence of GVHD in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 0.1 to 1.0% with a mortality rate of approximately 80-90% .7 Efforts irradiation of cellular blood components is currently the most efficient way and a reliable way to prevent TA-GVHD. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of irradiation effects on red blood cells during storage.Method: This study used a descriptive analytic design at 72 red blood cell preparations that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The preparation of red blood cells were divided into 4 groups, ie the group that received 2500,3000,5000 cGy dose and control. OFT testing and potassium levels on the first day, the third and fifth storage.Results: An increase in potassium levels was statistically significant from the first day after irradiation at all doses. Found no significant differences in red blood cell membrane resistance to all doses of irradiation during storage until the fifth day. Conclusion: Irradiation at doses of 2500-5000 cGy can cause increased pottasium level and does not cause changes fragility of red blood cells stored for 5 days after irradiation. The need for further research on the quality of the preparation of red blood cells during storage after irradiation as seen levels of hemolysis (hemolysis rate)., Background: One of the delayed transfusion reactions that are fatal is TA GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft Versus Host Disease). TA incidence of GVHD in immunocompromised patients is estimated at 0.1 to 1.0% with a mortality rate of approximately 80-90% .7 Efforts irradiation of cellular blood components is currently the most efficient way and a reliable way to prevent TA-GVHD. This study aims to determine the effect of various doses of irradiation effects on red blood cells during storage.Method: This study used a descriptive analytic design at 72 red blood cell preparations that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The preparation of red blood cells were divided into 4 groups, ie the group that received 2500,3000,5000 cGy dose and control. OFT testing and potassium levels on the first day, the third and fifth storage.Results: An increase in potassium levels was statistically significant from the first day after irradiation at all doses. Found no significant differences in red blood cell membrane resistance to all doses of irradiation during storage until the fifth day. Conclusion: Irradiation at doses of 2500-5000 cGy can cause increased pottasium level and does not cause changes fragility of red blood cells stored for 5 days after irradiation. The need for further research on the quality of the preparation of red blood cells during storage after irradiation as seen levels of hemolysis (hemolysis rate).]"