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Abstrak :
Theoretical foundations -- Cultural genocide and the American Indians -- Russia and the Jews in the nineteenth century -- Israel and Palestinian cultural genocide -- The Chinese assimilation of Tibet -- Conclusion.

Abstrak :
Dystopia: a natural history is the first monograph devoted to the concept of dystopia. Taking the term to encompass both a literary tradition of satirical works, mostly on totalitarianism, as well as real despotisms and societies in a state of disastrous collapse, this book redefines the central concepts and the chronology of the genre and offers a paradigm-shifting understanding of the subject. Part I assesses the theory and prehistory of dystopia. Utopia and dystopia are portrayed not as opposites, but as extremes on a spectrum of sociability, defined by a heightened form of group identity. The prehistory of the process whereby enemies are demonized is explored from early conceptions of monstrosity through Christian conceptions of the devil and witchcraft, and the persecution of heresy. Part II surveys the major dystopian moments in twentieth-century despotisms, focusing in particular upon Nazi Germany, Stalinism, the Chinese Cultural Revolution, and Cambodia under Pol Pot. The concentration here is upon the political religion hypothesis as a key explanation for the chief excesses of communism in particular. Part III examines literary dystopias. It commences well before the usual starting point in the secondary literature, in anti-Jacobin writings of the 1790s. Two chapters address the main twentieth-century texts usually studied as representative of the genre, Aldous Huxleys Brave New World and George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four. The remainder of the section examines the evolution of the genre in the second half of the twentieth century to the present.

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas mengenai kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum yang dipersempit ruang lingkupnya pada aparat kepolisian sebagai pejabat penyidik dalam proses interogasi. Kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh pejabat publik untuk tujuan-tujuan tertentu dikualifikasikan sebagai penyiksaan dalam Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) yang telah diratifikasi ke dalam UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1998. Berdasarkan penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif-evaluatif ini, ditemukan putusanputusan yang memidana pelaku penyiksaan dengan pasal tentang penganiayaan dalam KUHP. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pasal tentang penganiayaan masih belum tepat digunakan dalam memidana pelaku penyiksaan yang memiliki kualifikasi kejahatan yang lebih berat daripada tindak pidana penganiayaan. ...... The focus of this study is regarding violence committed by law enforcement officers (which in this particular study is narrowed down to the scope of police officers as investigators) in the interrogation process. Violence committed by a public official for certain purposes is qualified as torture as it is mentioned in the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT) that has been ratified with Law No. 5 of 1998. Based on this descriptive-evaluative study, it is found that there are court decisions that convict perpetrators of torture with articles regarding persecution from the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP). The result of this study shows that the application of articles regarding persecution is still not yet appropriate to be used in convicting perpetrators of torture, since it is qualified as a more serious crime than the crime of persecution.