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"Next Generation Network (NGN) merupakan hal yang paling menarik perhatian dunia telekomunikasi saat ini. Pengembangan NGN bertujuan untuk menyedialcan suatu jaringan yang terbuka dan mampu memberikan layanan yang terintegrasi. NGN akan dibangun dan dikembangkan untuk mendukung seluruh layanan yang sudah ada maupun layanan-layanan bam yang dikembangkan dari Iayanan yang telah ada atau mumi bam karena adanya teknologi dan desakan pasar.NGN tersusun atas blok-blok kerja, dimana setiap blok memiliki penegmbangan yang terbuka lebar, namun juga harus dapat dikomunikasikan dengan pengembangan blok lainnya. Untuk pensinyalan multimedia digunakan I-1.323 atau SIP. Untuk pengendalian digunakan standar bersama yaitu H248 atau MEGACO.Transportasi data hams dioptimasi sesuai dengan jenis trafik yang digunakan dan Salah satu yang digunakan adalah teknologi MPLS. Layanan dan apiikasi dikembangkan dengan standar seperti J AIN dan Parlay/OSA.Pada skripsi ini dilakulcan pembahasan mengenai konsep NGN, layanan NGN baik karakteristik dan arsitekturnya, serta bagaimana implementasi NGN di Indonesia dimana teknologi soliswitch dapat diharapkan menjadi jawaban bagi strategi evolusi PSTN -yang lconvensional menuju ke jaringan masa depan berbasis paket dalam konsep NGN"

"ABSTRACTPurpose: Duodenal adenoma and adenocarcinoma (AC) are rare tumors, and few studies have examined their genetic features. We aimed to determine the key genetic changes in duodenal adenoma and AC, and to clarify the possible involvement of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in duodenal tumor carcinogenesis.Methods: Nineteen duodenal tumors collected by endoscopic mucosal resection or surgical resection were classified as AC, adenoma with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or adenoma with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) per the World Health Organization tumor classification. When a tumor contained two or more components with different dysplasia grades, the highest grade was assigned as the tumor grade. Representative areas of these components with different grades were microdissected and evaluated by a genomic analysis. Mutational hotspots involving 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and their association with the dysplasia grade was investigated.Results: We analyzed 27 tumor components of AC or adenoma, with 11 normal mucosal samples obtained from 19 patients with duodenal tumors. The most prevalent abnormality among 50 genes tested was the KRAS mutation, which was detected in 12/19 (63.2%) patients, followed by APC and TP53 mutations (47.4 and 36.8%, respectively). According to the tumor dysplasia grading of each component, KRAS mutations were found in 5/8 (62.5%) tumors with AC components, 6/9 (66.7%) tumors with HGD components, and 3/10 (30.0%) tumors with LGD components. TP53 mutations were found in 4/8 (50.0%) tumors with AC components, 3/9 (33.3%) tumors with HGD components, and 1/10 (10.0%) tumors with LGD components. APC mutations were found in 2/8 (25.0%) tumors with AC components, 6/9 (66.7%) tumors with HGD components, and 5/10 (50.0%) tumors with LGD components. Notably, an APC:T1556fs mutation was detected in six cases (31.6%), five of which were adenoma cases. Furthermore, STK11 mutations were confirmed in 2/8 (25.0%) AC cases and in 1/11 (9.1%) adenoma cases.Conclusion: APC:T1556fs and STK11 mutations found in duodenal adenomas/ACs highlight the importance of proteins encoded by these genes in tumor development. APC mutations were identified in duodenal adenomas more frequently than in duodenal ACs, which differed from the observations of typical adenoma-carcinoma sequences seen in colorectal cancer, suggesting the limited involvement of this mechanism in duodenal cancer development."

"Kulit sebagai organ terbesar dan terluar dari tubuh manusia yang langsung berhadapan dengan lingkungan luar menjadi pertahanan fisik lini pertama sekaligus tempat kolonisasi mikrobiota komensal dalam mencegah invasi patogen. Identifikasi komposisi mikrobiota kulit menarik dilakukan untuk mengetahui interaksi antar mikrobiota sehingga mikrobiota kulit komensal yang bersifat probiotik dapat dikembangkan menjadi bahan aktif terapeutik mikrobioma kulit untuk menjaga kesehatan kulit. Keberagaman mikrobiota kulit dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah faktor etnis. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh faktor etnis pada dewasa muda pria dan wanita yang mewakili etnis Papua, Jawa, dan keturunan Tionghoa terhadap profil mikrobioma kulit. DNA genomik mikrobiota dari sampel kulit wajah diekstraksi dan disekuens dengan metode Next Generation Sequencing lalu dilakukan analisis diversitas alfa dan beta. Berdasarkan analisis alfa dengan indeks OTU yang dterobservasi, Shannon, dan Faiths PD, diversitas dalam grup tertinggi terdapat pada grup etnis Papua dan terendah pada grup etnis keturunan Tionghoa, namun diversitas alfa ketiga grup tidak berbeda signifikan secara statistik. Analisis beta dilakukan berdasarkan kualitatif dan kuantitatif menunjukkan pengaruh faktor etnis pada profil mikrobioma kulit antar etnis yang signifikan secara statistik serta pengelompokkan yang baik berdasarkan hasil PCoA pada indeks Jaccard, disimilaritas Bray Curtis, Unweighted, dan Weighted. Bakteri yang bersifat komensal dan dominan selanjutnya dapat dikembangkan menjadi bacterial cocktail maupun formula postbiotik untuk terapi mikrobiota kulit dengan pertimbangan interaksi komposisi mikrobiota kulit pada etnis terkait.

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Skin as the largest and the outermost part of human body that directly exposed to the outer environment serves as the first physical barrier and colonised by commensal bacteria to prevent pathogen invasion. Identifying composition of commensal skin microbiota is interesting to know the interaction between the microbiota so the commensal skin microbiota who has probiotic effect can be developed as active substance of skin microbiome therapeutic to maintain skin health. The skin microbiome diversity is influenced by several factors, one of them is ethnicity. This study shows the influence of ethnicity factor in Papuans, Javanese, and Chinese descent young adults on skin microbiome profiles. The microbiota genomic DNA are extracted from the face skin samples and sequenced with Next Generation Sequencing method to be further analysed on its alpha and beta diversity. According to alpha diversity analysis with observed OTU, Shannon, and Faiths PD indices, the greatest alpha diversity shown in Papuans, while the smallest is shown in the Chinese descent group, but alpha diversity differences between three groups are not statistically significant. Beta diversity was assessed by the use of Jaccard index, Bray Curtis dissimilarity, Unweighted and Weighted Unifrac with PCoA shows the difference skin microbiome profiles according to ethnicity and is statistically significant between ethnic group. The characterised commensal and dominant bacteria can be further developed as bacterial cocktail and postbiotic formula as skin microbiome therapeutic with interaction between skin microbiota composition within each ethnicity taking into account."

"Skripsi ini membahas tentang perbandingan kedua teknologi jaringan pada jaringan Metro untuk masa mendatang. Kedua teknologi tersebut adalah : Metro ethernet, teknologi yang sekarang menjadi dasar implementasi jaringan, dan Next Generation SDH, teknologi yang diproyeksikan untuk digunakan berdampingan dengan Metro ethernet di jaringan Metro untuk masa mendatang. Ada beberapa aspek yang dibandingkan di antara kedua teknologi ini dan masing-masing teknologi memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan pada aspek tertentu. Jaringan Ethernet menawarkan biaya instalasi dan pemeliharaan yang lebih murah serta memberikan layanan data yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jaringan network existing seperti SDH/SONET. Namun demikian, bukan berarti peranan jaringan SDH/SONET sudah habis, Saat ini telah dikembangkan teknologi baru yang berbasis SDH yang disebut Next Generation SDH, dimana menyediakan layanan-layanan Ethernet diatas jaringan SDH/SONET. Untuk saat ini, Ethernet masih mendominasi jaringan Metro sedangkan Next Generation SDH belum banyak diimplementasikan Namun melihat kebutuhan komunikasi di masa mendatang, bukan tak mungkin Next Generation SDH akan mulai banyak diimplementasikan.

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This final project talks about the comparation between two technologies used on Metro network in the future. They are : Metro ethernet, a technologies which becomes a basic implementation on the Metro area network, and Next Generation SDH, a technologies planned to be used together with Metro ethernet on Metro area network in the future. There are several aspects compared between this two technologies and each of them has strengths and weaknesses in certain aspects.

Ethernet network offers low installation and high quality data service than existing network like SDH/SONET. But, this doesn't mean that the role of SDH/SONET is over. Nowadays, we have a new technologies based on SDH network called Next Generation SDH. This new technology provides ethernet services on the SDH'SONET network. For today, ethernet still dominates Metro network , however, Next Generation SDH is still not implemented yet. However, considering the need of communication in the future, it is not impossible that Next Generation SDH will be considered as a new strategy for Metro area network."

"This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Intelligent and Distributed Environment for Communication (WIDECOM 2019), sponsored by the University of Milan, Milan, Italy, February 11-13, 2019. The conference deals both with the important core and the specialized issues in the areas of new dependability paradigms design and performance of dependable network computing and mobile systems, as well as issues related to the security of these systems. The WIDECOM proceedings features papers addressing issues related to the design, analysis, and implementation, of infrastructures, systems, architectures, algorithms, and protocols that deal with network computing, mobile/ubiquitous systems, cloud systems, and IoT systems. It is a valuable reference for researchers, instructors, students, scientists, engineers, managers, and industry practitioners. The books structure and content is organized in such a manner that makes it useful at a variety of learning levels.Presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Wireless Intelligent and Distributed Environment for Communication (WIDECOM 2019), Milan, Italy, February 11-13, 2019; Includes an array of topics networking computing, mobile/ubiquitous systems, cloud systems, and IoT systems; Addresses issues related to protecting information security and establishing trust in the digital space."

"Latar belakang: Antibiotik gentamisin (GEN), klindamisin (CLI) dan minosiklin (MIN) digunakan dalam penanganan infeksi Staphylococcus aureus kebal metisilin (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA). Teknologi next-generation sequencing (NGS) merupakan metode mutakhir yang digunakan untuk pemetaan pola kekebalan kuman untuk pengendalian infeksi di suatu fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil genom isolat MRSA klinis melalui pemeriksaan NGS. Metode: Proses sequencing DNA menggunakan Illumina® MiSeq dilakukan pada 92 isolat MRSA klinis yang diperoleh dari pasien yang dirawat di Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Jepang sehingga didapatkan masing-masing susunan genom de novo. Susunan genom de novo tersebut kemudian dianalisis in silico menggunakan ResFinder sehingga didapatkan profil genom kekebalan antibiotik kuman. Data ini kemudian dianalisis bersama data fenotip kadar hambat minimum (KHM) GEN, CLI, dan MIN.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan MRSA aac(6')aph(2")+,spc+, ermA+,tetM+ merupakan isolat terbanyak (42/92) dan memiliki KHM GEN >16 mg/L (40/42), CLI >4 mg/L (26/42) dan MIN >8 mg/L MIN (30/42). Deteksi gen aac(6')aph(2") berhubungan dengan KHM GEN (p<0,001), deteksi gen ermA berhubungan dengan KHM CLI (p<0,001) dan deteksi gen tetM berhubungan dengan KHM MIN (p<0,001). Deteksi bersamaan aac(6')aph(2")-spc-ermA-tetM berkorelasi dengan KHM GEN (φc= 0,398, p <0,001), CLI (φc= 0,448, p <0,001) dan MIN (φc= 0,515, p <0,001). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan korelasi fenotip KHM dan genotip kekebalan antibiotik GEN, CLI dan MIN pada MRSA. Teknologi NGS berpotensi sebagai uji cepat deteksi kekebalan antibiotik pada kasus infeksi MRSA yang merupakan bagian dari upaya pengendalian infeksi.

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Background: Gentamicin (GEN), clindamycin (CLI) and minocycline (MIN) are amongst the widely used antibiotic treatments in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The emerging next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology provides antibiotic resistance pattern mapping to be inferred as a consideration in healthcare infection control policy. The subjective of this study is to reveal genomic resistome using NGS and to correlate the resistome with the phenotype of antibiotic resistance represented as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between clinically isolated MRSA specimens.Methods: Illumina® MiSeq was used to sequence and to de novo assembly the genomic DNA of 92 MRSA specimens obtained from the patients treated in Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. Resistome was determined by feeding the de novo genome assembly to ResFinder annotation tool prior to correlation analysis with MIC data. These procedures were performed during GEN, CLI and MIN susceptibility observation.Results: The aac(6')aph(2")+,spc+, ermA+,tetM+ MRSA strains were revealed to be predominant (42/92) of which were possessing GEN MIC >16 mg/L (40/42), CLI MIC >4 mg/L (26/42) and MIN MIC >8 mg/L MIN (30/42). This study also revealed the correlation of aac(6')aph(2") and GEN MIC (p<0.001), ermA and CLI MIC (p<0.001), and tetM and MIN MIC (p<0.001). Simultaneous detection of aac(6')aph(2")-spc-ermA-tetM was correlated with GEN MIC (φc= 0.398, p <0.001), CLI MIC (φc=0.448, p <0.001), and MIN MIC (φc= 0.515, p <0.001).Conclusions: This study showed correlation between the MIC and resistome of GEN, CLI and MIN in MRSA. The emerging NGS technology provides promising method in rapid detection of antibiotic resistance in MRSA thus feasible for infection control near in the future."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Metode seleksi embrio terbaik banyak dikembangkan untuk memperoleh transfer embrio tunggal dalam siklus fertilisasi in vitro (FIV). Blastokista merupakan tahap embrio terbaik yang didapat dari embrio dengan morfologi normal atau 2 pro-nukleus (2PN) maupun morfologi abnormal atau 3 pro-nukleus (3PN). Transfer blastokista masih memberikan tingkat keberhasilan implantasi dan kehamilan yang rendah karena penilaian morfologi yang baik tidak selalu mempunyai status kromosom yang baik. Aneuploidi dan mosaik diketahui masih ditemukan dalam populasi blastokista, sehingga perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kelainan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara morfologi dan perkembangan blastokista dengan kejadian aneuploidi dan mosaik, serta faktor yang mempengaruhinya.Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang. Embrio diperoleh dari siklus FIV dan dikultur sampai tahap blastokista, penilaian morfologi blastokista dilakukan menggunakan skoring Gardner dengan 3 parameter yaitu grade ekspansi blastokista, inner cell mass, dan tropektoderm. pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidi (PGT-A) dilakukan dengan cara biopsi blastokista pada hari ke 5 atau 6 dan analisis kromosom dilakukan menggunakan metode Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Hubungan antara morfologi blastokista dan status kromosom serta faktor yang mempengaruhinya kemudian dianalisis.Hasil: Didapatkan 70 embrio dari 25 pasien, dengan pembagian 45 embrio 2PN dan 25 embrio 3PN. Frekuensi aneuploidi pada sampel 2PN dan 3PN berturut turut 42% dan 4%, sedangkan mosaik 2PN 16% dan 3PN 8%, pada embrio 3PN juga didapati kromosom triploid sebesar 52%. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara grade tropektoderm embrio 2PN dengan status kromosom (p<0,05), sedangkan embrio 3PN tidak didapati hubungan antara parameter morfologi dengan kromosom. Blastokista dengan grade ³3AA memiliki persentase euploidi sebesar 46%. Usia maternal, usia paternal, jumlah oosit, laju fertilisasi, volume dan motilitas sperma berhubungan dengan status kromosom (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Grading blastokista berhubungan dengan status kromosom, dan usia maternal merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian aneuploidi dan mosaik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Several method of assessing embryo viability have been employed over these year to obtain single embryo transfer in IVF cycle. Blastocyst, known as the best morphological embryo derived from both normal or 2 pronucleus (2PN) and 3 pronucleus (3PN) still not give the best implantation and pregnancy rate. However, morphology assesment only did not properly evaluate chromosomal status of the embryos. A good morphology blastocyst still can harbour aneuploidy and mosaic, and it is needed to find factor that effect aneuploidy and mosaic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between blastocyst morphology with aneuploidy, mosaicism and other related factor.Methods: A cross-sectional study to compare blastocyst morphology with chromosomal status. Embryo collected from IVF-ICSI cyles then cultured until blastocyst stage, Blastocyst scoring was done by Gardner scoring system with 3 parameter including blastocyst expansion, inner cell mass and tropectoderm. Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidi (PGT-A) was done by tropectoderm biopsy on day 5 or 6 which were the screened for chromosomal status by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) method. The relationship between blastocyst morphology and chromosomal status and other related factor were evaluated.Results: A total 70 blastocyst were collected, 45 derived from 2PN zygot and the other 25 from 3PN zygot. The frequency of aneuploid in 2PN and 3PN continuosly 42% and 4%, meanwhile mosaic frequency were 15% and 8%. Triploidy chromosome were found 52% in 3PN embryo. Tropectoderm grading and chromosomal status was found significally different (p<0.05), while in 3PN embryo there in no correlation between blastocyst morphology and chromosomal status. >3AA blasctocyst grading had higher euploidy percentage compare to <3AA grading. Maternal age, oocyte number, fertilization rate, sperm volume and sperm motility have correlation with chromosomal status (p<0.05).Conclusions: Blastocyst grading had correlation with chromosomal status, and maternal age is the key factor that affect aneuploidy and mosaicism."

"Revolusi komunis pada tahun 1975 di Laos memaksa sekitar 400.000 warga Laos pada pengungsian. Mereka tersebar di negara-negara barat dan negara-negara tetangga di Asia tenggara tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Gelombang pengungsian ini turut melibatkan generasi lanjutan untuk memulai kembali kehidupan di negara tujuan pengungsian. Ketercabutan generasi lanjutan warga pengungsi asal Laos pada negara asalnya (Laos) menjadi suatu isu dalam penentuan jati diri atau identitas ketika kembali ke tanah air. Melalui serangkaian pengalaman nostalgia saat ada pada pengungsian di Indonesia, para generasi lanjutan dari warga ex-migran Laos memaknai mereka sebagai Indonesia. Namun, ketika kembali ke tanah air (Laos) pemaknaan jati diri atau identitas mereka harus dinegosiasikan kembali. Melalui kajian Cultural Studies dengan etnografi, penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana identitas dari generasi lanjutan warga ex-migran Laos dimaknai melalui serangkaian pengalaman mobilisasi yang mereka lakukan. Penelitian ini akan memberikan gambaran bagaimana jati diri atau identitas dimaknai sebagai suatu struktur perasaan dan pembentukan multiple identity pada generasi lanjutan ex-migran Laos dengan mengkaitkan pengalaman mobilisasi mereka.

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The communist revolution in 1975 in Laos forced about 400,000 Lao citizens into exile. They are scattered in western countries and neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. This wave of refugees also involves the next generation to restart life in the refugee destination country. The uprooting of the next generation of refugees from Laos back to their home country (Laos) has become an issue in determining their identity when returning to their homeland. Through a series of nostalgic experiences when they were in exile in Indonesia, the next generation of ex-migrants from Laos interpreted them as Indonesians. However, when they return to their homeland (Laos), the meaning of their identity or identity must be renegotiated. Through the study of Cultural Studies with ethnography, this research will examine how the identity of the next generation of ex-migrant Lao citizens is interpreted through a series of mobilization experiences that they carry out. This study will provide an overview of how identity is interpreted as a structure of feeling and the formation of multiple identities in the next generation of Lao ex-migrants by relating their mobilization experiences."

"Mikrobiota saluran pencernaan neonatus merupakan modulator respon imun yang berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan dan penyakit bagi neonatus. Perkembangan mikrobiota saluran pencernaan neonatus dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor baik faktor maternal maupun faktor neonatal yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung mempengaruhi kolonisasi mikrobiota usus neonatus pada masa awal kehidupannya. Masa awal kehidupan neonatus (≤ 1 bulan setelah lahir) merupakan periode kritis dalam menentukan kesehatan neonatus jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Kolonisasi mikrobiota saluran pencernaan yang menyimpang atau disbiosis pada awal kehidupannya dapat meningkatkan risiko terhadap penyakit yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan sistem imunitasnya seperti alergi, obesitas, diabetes, dan lain-lain. Dengan demikian, ulasan ini membahas tentang peranan mikrobiota saluran pencernaan neonatus pada masa awal kehidupan dalam mendukung kesehatan neonatus dengan mengetahui kolonisasi mikrobiota saluran pencernaan yang simbiosis. Sekuensing amplikon gen target 16S rRNA menggunakan metode NGS merupakan metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi keragaman mikroba. Sampel mekonium atau feses sebagai representatif lingkungan saluran pencernaan neonatus dikumpulkan dan dilakukan ekstraksi DNA kemudian gen target diamplifikasi dengan PCR. Amplikon yang diperoleh disekuensing dan dikarakterisasi secara bioinformatik untuk menentukan mikroba yang ada dalam sampel serta kelimpahan relatifnya. Selain itu, analisis berbasis teknologi molekuler seperti sekuensing gen target 16S rRNA menggunakan metode NGS dan analisis bioinformatik berperan penting dalam memperluas pengetahuan tentang ekosistem saluran cerna yang kompleks dari sampel mekonium dan feses neonatus. Dalam rangka menciptakan mikrobiota saluran pencernaan yang baik dan mendukung kesehatan neonatus pada masa awal kehidupannya dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan intervensi pada faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangannya. Intervensi seperti merencanakan kelahiran normal, menjaga asupan nutrisi yang seimbang selama masa kehamilan dan juga menyusui, menghindari paparan antibiotik selama kehamilan dan pada neonatus, dan memberikan ASI kepada neonatus terbukti dapat memodulasi perkembangan mikrobiota saluran pencernaan neonatus yang sehat.

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Neonatal gut microbiota is a modulator of the immune response that influences health and disease for neonates. The development of the neonatal gut microbiota is influenced by several factors, both maternal and neonatal factors that directly or indirectly affect the colonization of neonatal gut microbiota in early life. The early-life period of neonatal life (≤ 1 month after birth) is a critical period in determining the long-term and short-term health of neonates. Aberrant colonization of gut microbiota or dysbiosis in early life can increase the risk of diseases related to the development of the immune system such as allergies, obesity, diabetes, and others. Thus, this review discusses the role of the neonatal gut microbiota in early life in supporting neonatal health by knowing the symbiosis colonization of the gut microbiota. The sequencing of 16S rRNA target gene amplicons using the NGS method is the most widely used method to characterize microbial diversity. Meconium or faecal samples as a representative environment of the neonatal digestive tract are collected and DNA extracted then the target gene is amplified by PCR. The obtained amplicons are sequenced and bioinformaticly characterized to determine the microbes present in the sample and their relative abundance. In addition, analysis based on molecular technologies such as 16S rRNA target gene sequencing using the NGS method and bioinformatic analysis play an important role in expanding our knowledge about complex gastrointestinal ecosystems from meconium and neonatal faecal samples. In sum, creating a good gut microbiota and supporting neonatal health in their early-life period can be done by intervening on factors that influence its development. Interventions such as planning a normal birth, maintaining a balanced nutritional intake during pregnancy and lactating, avoiding antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and in neonates, and breastfeeding for neonates are proven to modulate the development of healthy neonatal gut microbiota."