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Abstrak :
Peningkatan jumlah radikal bebas yang tidak dapat diatasi oleh tubuh menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Kondisi stres oksidatif mengakibatkan terjadinya berbagai penyakit seperti kanker, diabetes melitus, penyakit neurodegeneratif dan sebagainya. Untuk mengatasi kondisi stres oksidatif diperlukan antioksidan. Antioksidan bisa diperoleh dari bahan alami seperti daun pandan wangi. Daun pandan wangi telah dibuktikan memiliki kandungan antioksidan alami seperti flavonoid dan asam fenolik. Untuk melihat aktivitas ekstrak daun pandan wangi dalam mengatasi kondisi stres oksidatif, dilakukan uji coba pada sel darah merah sapi 2% dengan mengukur kadar MDA dan GSH. Ekstrak Etanol daun pandan wangi diberikan pada sel darah merah sapi 2% yang telah diberikan H2O2 ­­­atau akan diberikan H2O2 setelahnya, untuk melihat efek antioksidan secara preventif dan kuratif. Hasil uji coba didapatkan bahwa kadar MDA tidak dapat diintepretasi karena pigmen warna daun pandan wangi mengganggu pembacaan hasil. Hasil pengukuran kadar GSH menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan preventif dan kuratif dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif. Berdasarkan hasil salah satu indikator yang diuji tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa ekstral etanol daun pandan wangi memiliki efek preventif dan kuratif sebagai antioksidan terhadap kondisi stres oksidatif sel darah merah sapi 2%. Akan tetapi, perlu dilakukan modifikasi dalam pembuatan ekstrak daun pandan wangi pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk menangani faktor pengganggu dalam pembacaan hasil. ......The increase in number of free radicals that cannot be overcame by human body can lead to a condition called stress oxidative. This condition causes several diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disease and more. Antioxidant is needed to conquer stress oxidative. Antioxidants can be obtained from natural ingredients, for example pandan leaf. Pandan leaves have been proven to have antioxidant compounds such as flavonoid and phenolic acid. To observe the antioxidant activity of pandan leaves extract, an experiment on 2% cows blood cells is performed by measuring its MDA and GSH concentration. Ethanol extract of pandan leaves is given to 2% cows red blood cells, that has been given H2O2 or that will be given H2O2 later, in order to observe antioxidant effect preventively and curatively. The resulting MDA concentration from this experiment is not able to be interpreted because of the pigmentation of pandan leaves confounding the absorbance reading. The measurement result of GSH concentration showed a significant increase on the preventive and curative groups compared to the negative control group. Based on the result of one of the indicators in this experiment, it can be concluded that ethanol extract pandan leaves have preventive and curative effects as an antioxidant to overcome stress oxidative condition on 2% cows red blood cells. However, modifications in preparing the pandan leaves extract should be done in further research to deal with the confounding factors in absorbance reading.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perubahan kadar malondialdehida plasma pada perawat dan pegawai administrasi yang telah bekerja selama 7 jam berturut-turut dan mendapatkan modifikasi makanan berupa makanan dengan kandungan makronutrien sebesar 65% dari kebutuhan sehari dan asupan mikronutrien antioksidan (β-karoten, vitamin C, vitamin E, Cu, Zn, dan Se) sebesar 65% dari AKG/DRI. Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian potong lintang berulang dengan rentang jangka waktu pemeriksaan pertama dengan pemeriksaan kedua adalah satu shift kerja (7 jam). Pengambilan data dilakukan di RSUD Tarakan, Jakarta pada bulan Januari sampai Februari 2013. Sebanyak 39 orang subyek bersedia ikut serta dalam penelitian ini dan sebanyak 31 orang subyek (15 perawat dan 16 pegawai administrasi) memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik demografi, data antropometri (berat badan dan tinggi badan), pola asupan makronutrien dan mikronutrien antioksidan, serta pemeriksaan kadar malondialdehida plasma. Rerata persentase asupan lemak terhadap energi pada kelompok perawat (37 + 5,79 %) dan kelompok pegawai administrasi (36,57 + 6,72 %) melebihi asupan lemak total yang dianjurkan. Sebesar 42,86% subyek pada kelompok perawat dan pegawai administrasi memiliki asupan β-karoten yang kurang berdasarkan DRI, 14,29% subyek pada kelompok perawat dan 35,71% subyek pada kelompok pegawai administrasi memiliki asupan vitamin C yang kurang berdasarkan AKG. Sebagian besar subyek pada kedua kelompok memiliki asupan vitamin E, Cu, Zn dan Se yang kurang dibandingkan AKG/DRI. Terdapat peningkatan bermakna kadar MDA plasma kelompok perawat setelah bekerja dan mendapatkan asupan makanan (p = 0,001) tetapi tidak pada kelompok pegawai administrasi (p = 0,063). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara rerata perubahan kadar MDA plasma sebelum dan setelah bekerja serta mendapatkan asupan makanan pada kelompok perawat dan pegawai administrasi. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan bermakna kadar MDA plasma setelah bekerja dan mendapatkan asupan makanan pada kelompok perawat yang menunjukkan peningkatan kerusakan oksidatif setelah bekerja.

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ABSTRACT
The aim of study is to find out the differences of plasma malondialdehyde concentration in nurses and administrative workers after 7 hours of work and had meal modifications which contain 65% of total daily needs macronutrient and 65% of AKG/DRI antioxidant (β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, Cu, Zn, and Se). This is a repeated cross-sectional study. The range from first examination to second examination is one work shift (7 hours). The data were obtained in Tarakan District General Hospital, Jakarta from January to February 2013. Out of 39 people whom signed the consents, 31 people matched the study criteria. The data taken in this study include demographic characteristic, anthropometric (weight and height), assessment of macronutrient and antioxidant micronutrient intake, and plasma malondialdehyde. The mean of percentage fat intake per energy in nurses group were 37 + 5,79 % and in administrative workers group were 36,57 + 6,72 %, both of them exceed the recommendation of fat intake. As much as 42,86% subjects in both group had a low β-carotene intake according to DRI, 14,29% subjects in nurses group and 35,71% in administrative workers group had a low vitamin C intake according to AKG. Most subjects in both group had a low vitamin C, Cu, Zn, and Se intake according to AKG/DRI. There was a significant increase of plasma MDA concentration after work and meal modification within nurses group (p = 0,001), but not on administrative workers? (p = 0,063). There were no significant increases of plasma MDA concentration after work and meal modification between nurses group and administrative workers group. The conclusion of this study is there was a significant increase of plasma MDA concentration after work and had meal modification within nurses group, which implicates an increase of oxidative damage after work.

Abstrak :
Pengaruh suplementasi Astaxamin terhadap kadar Malondialdehida plasma dan skor National Institute of health Stroke Scale (NU-ISS) pada penderila stroke iskemik. Mengetahui efek pcmberian suplementasi Astaxantin selama tujuh hari terhadap kadar malondialdehida plasma dan skor NIHSS pada penderita stroke iskemik Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis pamlel, acak, tcrsamar ganda antara kelompok yang znendapat suplementasi astaxantin (P) dengan kelompok yang mendapat plasebo (K), Sebanyak 24 orang pasien stroke iskemik akut dengan onset < 48 jam di RSUPNCM Jakarta memenuhi kriteria dan diikutkan dalam penelitian, dilakukan alokasi random menggunakan randomini blok untuk menemukan kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Kelompok perlakuan mendapatkan suplementasi Astaxantin 2 x 8mg/had peroml selama tujuh hari, sementara kelompok kontrol mendapat plascbo. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pcndidikan, tingkat penghasilan), onset serangan, faktor risiko, IMT, analisis asupan zat gizi, kadar malondialdehida plasma, serta skor NIHSS. Analisis dam menggunakan uji 1 tidak berpasangan atau uji Man Whitney dengan batas kemaknaan p < 0,05. Rerata usia subjek penelitian ini adalah 56,0l=i:6,44 tahun. Sebagian besar subyek berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berpendidikan rendah dan tingkat penghasilan di bawah garis kemiskinan. Faktor risiko stroke yang paling banyak dimiliki subyek penelitian adalah hipertensi, diikuti kebiasaan merokok, dislipidemia, obesitas, diabetes mellitus, dan penyakit jantung. Selama perlakuan, asupan energi dan protein subyek penelitian tergolong cukup, asupan lemak tergolong lebih, asupan vitamin C tergolong cukup, sedangkan asupan vitamin E dan beuz kanaten tagolong kurang pada kedua kelompok. Terdapat penurunan kadar MDA plasma dan skor NIHSS pada kedua kelompok selama perlakuan. Rerata penurunan kadar MDA plasma pada kelompok perlakuan adalah -0,3l6i0,l8 normal dan secara bermakna lebih bcsar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yaitu -0,1241 0,I08 nmol/mL (p<0,05). Penurunan skor NIHSS pada kelompok perlakuan sebesar -5,67=|=l,37 secara bermakna lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yaitu ~3,‘25:&0,87 (p <0,0S). Suplcmentasi aataxantin sebanyak 2 x 8 mg solama 7 hari sccara bermakna dapal menurunkan kadar MDA plasma dan skor NIHSS penderila stroke iskemik. Astaxantin, antioksidan, malondialdehida plasma, skor Nll-ISS, stroke iskemik. ......Bilects of Astaxantin suplcmentation on malondialdehyde plasma level and National Institute of health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ischemic stroke patients To investigate the effects of Astaxantin supplementation during seven days on Malondialdchida plasma level and NIHSS score of ischemic strokc patients. This is a parallel randomized double-blind clinical study between interventional group which has astaxantin supplementation (P) and control group which has placebo (K). Twenty-four acute ischemic stroke patients with onset < 48 hours in RSUPNCM Jakarta had fullilled the criteria and recruited in the research. Subjects were random allocated by block randomimtion into intervention and control group. Intervention group treated by Astaxnntin 2 x Sing,/day supplementation orally during 7 days, while control group treated by placebo. Data collection includes demographic characteristic (nge, sex, educational level, income level), stroke onset, risk factors, body mass index (BMI), daily nutrient analysis, malondialdchida plasma level, and Nil-lSS score. Statistical analysis is using unpaired t test or Mann Whitney test with significant level at p < 0,05. The mean age of subjects were 56,0li6,44 years old. Majoritics of suljects were male, low educational level and below poverty level income. The most liequent stroke risk factors in subjects were hypertension, followed by smoking habit. dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and heart diseases. During intervention, energy and proteins intake were adequate, fat intake tends to be excess, vitamin C intake was adequate, whiie vitamin E and beta kamten tends to be low in both two groups. 'lhere was decreasing in MDA plasma level and NI]-ISS score in both two groups during intervention. The mean decreasing of MDA plasma in interventional group was -0,3lG.k0,l8 nmol/mL which significantly greater than control group -0,1242 0,108 nmol/mL (p<0,05). The mean decreasing ofNlHSS score in interventional group was -5,67=el,37 which significantly greater than control group -3,25i0,87 (p <0,05). Astaxantin supplementation 2 x 8 mg during 'l days is signiiicant on decreasing MDA plasma level and NH-ISS score in ischemic stroke patients. Astaxantin, antioxidant, rnalondialdehicla plasma, NIHSS score, ischemic stroke.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Besi berlebih dalam tubuh manusia dapat memicu stress oksidatif dan menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal. Malondialdehid (MDA) merupakan produk samping peroksidasi lipid akibat stres oksidatif. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa mangiferin yang terkandung dalam buah Phaleria macrocarpa bermanfaat sebagai pengkelat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas ekstrak etanol buah Phaleria macrocarpa dalam menurunkan kadar MDA pada ginjal tikus yang diberi besi berlebih. Metode: 30 tikus Sprague-Dawley dibagi dalam 6 kelompok, yaitu normal, kontrol negatif, Deferiprone 462,5 mg/kgBB, Mangiferin 50 mg/kgBB, ekstrak etanol Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB, dan 200 mg/kgBB. Kelompok perlakuan diinjeksikan besi sukrosa intraperitoneal (15 mg/kali) dua kali seminggu selama tiga minggu, dilanjutkan perlakuan sesuai kelompok. Pada minggu ke-7, organ ginjal diambil untuk dibuat homogenat yang selanjutnya diukur kadar proteinnya menggunakan metode Bradford. Kadar MDA diukur dengan Thiobarbituric Acid menggunakan spektrofotometer 530 nm, kemudian hasilnya dibagi kadar protein (nmol/mg protein). Uji statistik yang digunakan berupa perbandingan rerata >2 kelompok menggunakan One-Way ANOVA. Hasil: Semua kelompok induksi besi mengalami peningkatan MDA secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok tanpa perlakuan. Pemberian mangiferin dan ekstrak etanol Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB berhasil menurunkan kadar MDA secara signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif. Selain itu, dosis 100 mg/kgBB juga memiliki hasil yang paling mendekati nilai normal (3,876 ± 0,248 vs 2,890 ± 0,497). Namun, pemberian dosis 200 mg/kgBB menunjukkan hasil kadar MDA yang paling tinggi (4,868 ± 0,774 nmol/mg protein). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar MDA ginjal tikus Sprague-Dawley yang paling baik dibandingkan dosis 200 mg/kgBB maupun kontrol positif. ......Introduction: Iron overload in human body may induce oxidative stress and kidney failure. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is byproduct of oxidative stress induced lipid peroxidation. Studies shown that Mangiferin in Phaleria macrocarpa fruit also useful as chelator agent. This study aims to analyze the effectivity of Phaleria macrocarpa fruits ethanol extract on reducing kidney Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in rats induced by iron overload. Method: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: normal, negative control, Deferiprone 462.5 mg/kgBW, Mangiferin 50 mg/kgBW, Ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa 100 mg/kgBW, and 200 mg/kgBW. Intervention groups received iron sucrose intraperitoneally (15 mg/times) biweekly for three weeks, followed by corresponding group intervention. At week 7, kidneys were taken to make homogenate. Each sample homogenate was measured its protein using Bradford and MDA level using Thiobarbituric Acid method by spectrophotometer 530 nm (nmol/mg protein). Statistical test used was mean difference among >2 groups using One-Way ANOVA. Result: Iron overload induction groups were associated with significantly higher MDA levels than normal. The administration of mangiferin and ethanol extract 100 mg/kgBW successfully reduced MDA level significantly compared to negative control. Besides, 100 mg/kgBW dose group had the closest MDA to normal (3.876 ± 0.248 vs. 2.890 ± 0.497). However, dose of 200 mg/kgBW showed the highest MDA (4,868 ± 0,774 nmol/mg protein). Conclusion: The administration of 100 mg/kgBW Phaleria macrocarpa fruits ethanol extract was associated with the best reduction of kidney MDA level in Sprague-Dawley rats induced by iron overload compared to either 200 mg/kgBW dose or positive control.

Abstrak :
[Latihan fisik telah diketahui memberikan manfaat terhadap kesehatan. Namun demikian latihan fisik juga berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif seperti cedera dan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Latihan fisik dengan intensitas tinggi dan durasi lama dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Latihan longmars merupakan salah satu materi pelatihan Komando yang dilaksanakan oleh peserta pelatihan Komando pada tahap gunung hutan. Latihan longmars dilaksanakan dengan berjalan kaki selama 8 hari berturut-turut, kecepatan 5-6 km/jam, membawa beban 35 kg, melewati medan bervariasi (datar, menanjak dan menurun) dan menempuh jarak sekitar 500 km. Latihan longmars sebagai salah satu bentuk latihan fisik di lingkungan militer dengan durasi lama dan intensitas tinggi diduga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksaan Malondialdehida (MDA) yang merupakan penanda stres oksidatif. Tujuan: mengetahui rerata kadar MDA dan perbedaan rerata kadar MDA peserta pelatihan Komando sebelum dan setelah melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Metode: sebanyak 30 subyek penelitian peserta pelatihan Komando dalam kelompok usia 20-30 tahun yang dipilih secara acak mengikuti penelitian ini. Subyek penelitian merupakan prajurit terlatih yang telah melaksanakan program latihan fisik selama 1-4 tahun. Pemeriksaan kadar MDA dilakukan 1 hari sebelum pelaksanaan latihan Longmars dan segera setelah selesai melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Hasil: rerata kadar MDA sebelum latihan Longmars adalah 0,729 ± 0,229 nmol/mL, rerata kadar MDA setelah latihan Longmars adalah 0,655 ± 0,183 nmol/mL. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar MDA sebelum dan setelah latihan Longmars ( P 0,191 ). Kesimpulan: tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar MDA peserta pelatihan Komando sebelum dan setelah melaksanakan latihan Longmars. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan telah terjadi adaptasi latihan fisik terhadap kadar MDA yang terjadi selama latihan Longmars. ......Background: Physical exercise has been known to provide health benefits. However, physical exercise as well as the potential negative impact of injury and oxidative stress. Physical exercise with high intensity and long duration are considered as one of the factors that cause oxidative stress. Longmarch Exercise is one of the training materials Commando conducted by trainees Commando training in forest mountain stage. Longmarch exercises conducted by walking for 8 consecutive days, speed of 5-6 km / h, carrying a load of 35 kg, over varied terrain (flat, uphill and downhill) and a distance of about 500 miles. Longmarch exercise as one of procedural activity in the Commando training in a military environment with long duration and high intensity could be expected to lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be determined by examination malondialdehida (MDA) which is a marker of oxidative stress. Purpose: To determine the mean levels of MDA and the mean differences MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. Methods: Subjects of the study were 30 participants in Commando training 20-30 years old were randomly selected to follow become respondent of this research. The research subject is a trained soldier who had been carrying out a physical exercise program for 1-4 years. The level of MDA examination performed 1 day prior to the Longmarch exercise and immediately after completion of the Longmarch exercise. Results: The mean of MDA levels before Longmarch exercise was 0.729 ± 0.229 nmol / mL, the mean of MDA levels after Longmarch exercise was 0.655 ± 0.183 nmol / mL. There were no significant differences in mean of MDA levels before and after Longmarch exercise (P 0.191). Conclusion: there is no significant difference of the MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. This is probably due to the body's adaptation that occur during Longmarch exercise., Background: Physical exercise has been known to provide health benefits. However, physical exercise as well as the potential negative impact of injury and oxidative stress. Physical exercise with high intensity and long duration are considered as one of the factors that cause oxidative stress. Longmarch Exercise is one of the training materials Commando conducted by trainees Commando training in forest mountain stage. Longmarch exercises conducted by walking for 8 consecutive days, speed of 5-6 km / h, carrying a load of 35 kg, over varied terrain (flat, uphill and downhill) and a distance of about 500 miles. Longmarch exercise as one of procedural activity in the Commando training in a military environment with long duration and high intensity could be expected to lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can be determined by examination malondialdehida (MDA) which is a marker of oxidative stress. Purpose: To determine the mean levels of MDA and the mean differences MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. Methods: Subjects of the study were 30 participants in Commando training 20-30 years old were randomly selected to follow become respondent of this research. The research subject is a trained soldier who had been carrying out a physical exercise program for 1-4 years. The level of MDA examination performed 1 day prior to the Longmarch exercise and immediately after completion of the Longmarch exercise. Results: The mean of MDA levels before Longmarch exercise was 0.729 ± 0.229 nmol / mL, the mean of MDA levels after Longmarch exercise was 0.655 ± 0.183 nmol / mL. There were no significant differences in mean of MDA levels before and after Longmarch exercise (P 0.191). Conclusion: there is no significant difference of the MDA levels of Commando training participants before and after implementing Longmarch exercise. This is probably due to the body's adaptation that occur during Longmarch exercise.]

Abstrak :
Mengetahui pcngaruh pemberian kombinasi suplementasi vitamin E dan C terhadap peroksidasi lipid pada usila dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian uji klinis paralel, tertutup timggai, alokasi acak, untuk membandingkan kadar malondialdehida usila 2,60 tahun dengan hiperkolesterolemia yang mendapatkan kombinasi supiementasi vitamin E 400 IU dan vitamin C 500 mg, masing~masing sebutir sehari selama 45 hari dengan kelompok yang mendapat vitamin E 400 IU dan plascbo.Terdapat 42 subyek penelitian yang berasal dari Yayasan Kebagusan, Yayasan Yasni, dan Yayasan Yakin, Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 21 orang. Data yang diambil adalah : data dcmograti, antropometzi, data asupan makanan pada minggu pertama, ketiga dan ketujuh, kadar kolesterol LDL dan MDA plasma sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t-tidak bezpasangan bila distribusi nonnal dan uji Manmwhimey bila distribusi tidak normal dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0.05. Sebanyak 20 subyek penelitian dad masing-masing kelompok yang dapat mengikuti penelitian sampai sclesai. Sebelum perlakuan, nilai median kadar kolesterol LDL kelompolc vitamin E+plasebo dan vitamin E+C masing- masing adalah I46.50(l30-190) mg/dL dan 146.50(l3I-196) mg/dL. Setelah 45 hari perlakuan, rerata kadar kolesterol LDL kelompok vitamin E4-plasebo (151.9.+:2.2.l mg/dl.) meningkat sedangkan kelompok vitamin B+-C (l46.8i28.21 mg/dL) menurun. Sebelum p¢rIakuan, nilai median kadar MDA plasma kelornpok vitamin E+plasebo dan rerata kadar MDA plasma kelompok vitamin E4-C masing-masing adalah 2.63(l.92-4.42) nmol/ml., dan 3.03:l:0.62 nmol/mL. Setelah 45 haii pcrlakuan rerata kadar MDA plasma kedua keiompok menunm menjadi 2.30i0.67 nmol/mL (p<0.01) pada kelompok vitamin E+plasebo dan 28810.88 nmol/mL (p=0.36) untuk kelompok vitamin E+C. Penurunan kadar MDA plasma kelompok vitamin E+plasebo lcbih besar (-0.5:!:0.55 nmol/mL) daripada kelompok vitamin E+C (-0.28(l.31-1.63) nmol/mL), tetapi dcngan uji statislik terhadap kedua nilai tersebut, tidalc berbeda bcrma!ma(p=0.09). Pembenan kombinasi vitamin E dan vitamin C pada usila dengan hiperkolesternlemia tidak dapat rnenurunkan kadar MDA plasma lcbih besar dibandingl-can dengan hanya pemberian vitamin E. ......This parallel, single blind, randomization clinical trial purpose was to compare plasma malondyaldehydc level in hypercholesterolemic elderly aged more than 60 years old. Forty two people from Yayasan Kebagusan, Yayasan Yasni and Yayasan Yakin, Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta which participated the study, were divided into two groups. Twenty one elderly were supplemented with 400 IU vitamin E and 500 mg vitamin C for 45 consecutive days, while the other group was supplemented with 400 IU vitamin E and placebo. The data of demographic, anthropometric, food intake in the first, third and seventh weeks, plasma LDL and MDA levels before and alter period were taken. Statistical analyzes was performed by SPSS 11.5. Twenty people for each group had followed the study until the end of period. Before study, LDL cholesterol median for vitamin E + placebo group and vitamin E+C group were 146.50(l30-190) mg/dL and l46.50( 130-190) mg/dL respectively. Alter 45 of days treatment, there was an increase in mean LDL cholesterol in vitamin E + placebo group 15l.9i22.1 mg/dL while in vitamin E+C group was decreased to l46.8:l:28.2l mg/dl Before study, plasma MDA level in vitamin E + placebo group and vitamin E+C group were 2.63(l.92-4.42) and 3.031052 nmol/mL, respectively. After 45 days, mean MDA plasma in vitamin E + placebo group was 2.30i0.67 nmol/mL (p<0.01) and was 2.881088 nmol/ml.. (p=0.36) in vitamin E+C group. The decreased on plasma MDA levels in vitamin E+placebo group was higher (-0,510.55 nmol/mL) than vitamin E+C (-0.28(1.3l-1.63) nmol/mL), but statistical test showed not significant different between both group (p=0.09). Combined supplementation vitamin E and vitamin C in hypercholesterolemic elderly couldnot decrease plasma MDA higher than supplementation of vitamin E alone.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Peningkatan radikal bebas dapat mengakibatkan sejumlah besar masalah kesehatan penyakit degeneratif dan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia dan merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia. Daun Pandan Wangi (Pandanus amaryllifolius) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di Asia khususnya Indonesia dan memiliki kandungan yang bersifat antioksidan yakni flavonoid, alkaloid, dan fenolik. Penelitian ini mengkaji kemampuan antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun pandan wangi pada hati tikus yang diberi CCl4. Kondisi stres oksidatif dipicu dengan pemberian CCL4 0,55 mg/kgBB, 24 tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yakni kontrol, CCl4, ekstrak, ekstrak+CCl4. Dosis ekstrak yang digunakan yakni 85 mg/KgBB. Kemampuan antioksidan ekstrak pandan dinilai dari pengukuran MDA, GSH, dan aktivitas spesifik katalase. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p>0,05). Berdasarkan perbedaan reratanya, pemberian ekstrak daun pandan wangi menurunkan kadar MDA hati dan meningkatkan kadar GSH dan aktivitas spesifik katalase hati yang diinduksi oleh CCl4 dibanding kelompok CCl4. Pemberian CCl4 0,55 mg/kgBB menunjukkan peningkatan kadar MDA hati dan penurunan aktivitas spesifik katalase dan GSH yang tidak signifikan dibanding kelompok kontrol. Dari hasil yang didapat masih dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan dosis CCl4 yang lebih tinggi dan membandingkan efek pemberian ekstrak pandan dengan kontrol positif vitamin E.

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ABSTRACT
Increased production of free radicals leads to numbers of health problems of degenerative and non-communicable diseases which have a high prevalence in Indonesia and common health problem in the world. Pandan Leaf Extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius) is one of plants that grows in Asia, especially in Indonesia. Major compounds tact as antioxidants found in pandan leaf is flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolics. This study investigated the antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract of pandan leaves on CCl4-induced liver of rats. Oxidative stress was triggered by oral administration of 0,55 mg/kgBW CCL4, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups,(normal control, CCl4, extract, extract+CCl4). Dose of extract used is 85 mg/KgBW. Antioxidant capacity of pandan extract was assessed by measuring MDA, GSH, and catalase specific activity. Results of this study showed no significant differences between groups (p>0,05). Based on mean differences, administration of pandan leaf extract decreased liver MDA and increased GSH and catalase specific activity of liver induced by CCl4 compared to CCl4 group. Administration of 0,55 mg/kgBW CCl4 demonstrated an increase in liver MDA levels and a decrease in catalase specific activity and GSH level insignificant compared to control group. Further research is needed by using higher dose of CCl4 and comparing effect of administrating pandan extract with positive control.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Preeklamsia mempengaruhi 2-10% kehamilan di dunia, sehingga preekalmsia merupakan penyebab utama mortalitas dan morbitidas pada ibu dan kehamilan. Di Indonesia, preeklamsia menyerang sejak usia kandungan dini, yang membahayakan janin dan ibu. Namun, pengetahuan mengenai patogenesis dan perkembangan preeklamsia belum sepenuhnya diketahui. Untuk itu, pengetahuan mengenai patogenesis dari preeklamsia yang sangat dikorelasikan dengan stres oksidatif pada plasenta sangatlah penting. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pionir dengan rancang potong lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah 12 plasenta dari kehamilan normal, 12 plasenta dari preeklamsia onset lambat, dan 4 plasenta dari preeklamsia onset awal dari RS Ciptomangunkusumo dan RSIA Budi Kemuliaan. Dilakukan perhitungan konsentrasi MDA dengan metode Wills. Data dianalisa menggunakan program SPSS versi 20 untuk Macbook melalui uji komparasi Kruskal Walis dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc Mann Whitney. Hasil: Konsentraasi MDA pada kehamilan normal, preeklamsia awal, dan preeklamsia lambat secara berturut-turut adalah 0,147, 0,033 dan 0,015. Uji Kruskal Walis menunjukkan, terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi MDA bermakna antara kehamilan normal, preeklamsia onset awal dan preeklamsia onset lambat (p < 0,001). Pada uji Mann Whitney, MDA plasenta kehamilan normal lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibanding preeklamsia onset lambat (p < 0,001). Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan berarti antara MDA preeklamsia onset cepat dengan lambat (p=0,133) dan antara MDA pada kehamilan normal dengan MDA preeklamsia onset awal (p = 0,011). Kesimpulan: Terdapat penurunan kadar ROS pada PE onset lambat yang diindikasikan oleh level peroksidasi lipid yang secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan kehamilan normal. Namun, tidak terdapat penurunan kadar ROS pada PE onset awal dari kadar normal, dilihat dari tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan pada kadar MDA. Kedua hal ini memiliki peranan dalam perkembangan PE onset awal dan onset akhir pada masyarakat Indonesia.

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Background: Affecting 2-10% of pregnancies worldwide, preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, preeclampsia emerges in early gestational age, which endangers the mother and fetus. However the pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not yet known. Hence, it is important to understand pathogenesis of preeclampsia, which is highly correlated to oxidative stress in placenta. Methods: This research was a pioneer research with the design of a cross sectional comparative study. As this research is a pioneer study, the sample size is based on pioneer study sample size, so 12 placenta tissues for each group were attained. The MDA concentration was measured using Wills method. Data is being analyzed using SPSS version 20 for Macbook with Kruskal Walis as hypothesis test and Mann Whitney as post hoc test. Result: The MDA concentration of normotensive, early PE and late PE were 0.147, 0.033 and 0.0155 consecutively. Kruskal Walis test showed a significant difference between MDA concentration in normotensive, early and late placenta (p < 0.001). In Mann Whitney test, normotensive placenta displayed a significantly higher MDA concentration than late-onset preeclampsia (p < 0.001). However, there were no significant difference between early & late-onset preeclampsia (p=0.133) ), and normotensive & early-onset preeclampsia (p = 0.011). Conclusion: There is a decrease of ROS in late-onset PE indicated by lower lipid peroxidation level in PE than normal pregnancy. However, there is no difference of ROS between normotensive & early-onset PE, as the MDA concentration difference was not significant. These conditions may play role in the development of early and late preeclampsia among Indonesians.

Abstrak :
Tujuan : Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kadar MDA dan GSH pada kultur jaringan dan homogenate sel plasenta penderita preeklampsia yang diberikan kurkumin dosis rendah (0,01 mM) dan dosis tinggi (0,1 mM) dibandingkan dengan tanpa pemberian kurkumin sebagai kontrol. Rancangan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental in vitro kultur jaringan plasenta penderita preeklampsia dengan sampel sebanyak 10. Kultur plasenta menggunakan medium RPM1 + FBS 20 % dan kurkumin dengan metode tabung menurut Rand dan dikultur selama 72 jam. Kultur dibagi dalam 3 kelompok yaitu ; Kelompok kontrol, kelompok pemberian kurkumin dosis rendah (0,01 mM) dan kelompok pemberian kurkumin dosis tinggi (0,1 mM). Kadar MDA diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 530 nm. Pemeriksaan kadar GSH dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 412 nm. Data dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan dengan batas kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil : Kadar MDA yang terlarut pada medium kultur jaringan yang diberikan kurkumin dosis rendah (0.01 mM) 12,01 ± 4,55 nmol/mL dan yang terlarut dalam homogenat sel 5,18 ± 3,07 nmol/mg protein. Kadar MDA yang terlarut dalam supematan kultur dan homogenat sel plasenta dengan pemberian kurkumin dosis tinggi (0,1 mM) 10,19± 3,91 nmol/mL dan 4,30 ± 2,40 nmol/mg protein. Kadar MDA lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Kadar GSH yang terlarut pada medium kultur jaringan dan homogenat sel plasenta yang diberikan kurkumin dosis rendah (0.01 mM) 11,40 ± 2,51 .tg/ml dan 5,99 ± 3,68 pg/mg protein, sedangkan kadar GSH yang diberikan kurkumin dosis tinggi (0,1 mM) 11,84 ± 2,39 µg/mL and 6,20 ± 3,64 .tg/mg protein. Kadar GSH lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Tetapi pemberian kurkumin dosis rendah pada homogenat sel tidak dapat meningkatkan kadar GSH secara bermakna. Kesimpulan : Pemberian kurkumin dosis rendah dan dosis tinggi dapat menurunkan kadar MDA dan meningkatkan kadar GSH secara bermakna pada medium kultur jaringan plasenta penderita preeklampsia.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of curcumin supplementation on MDA and GSH production in placental culture and homogenate in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN: The study was an in vitro experimental study. Placentae were obtained from women with preeclampsia (n = 10). The tissue was cultured in RPMI + FBS 20% + antibiotic for 72 hours using the Rand method. The cultures were divided into 3 groups. The first was control, to the second group 0.01 mM (low dose) curcumin was added and the third with 0.1 mM (high dose) curcumin. Supernatant and homogenate of the cultures were analyzed spectrophotometrically for MDA (with absorbtion read at 530 nm) and GSH (with absorbtion read at 412 nm). RESULTS: The concentration of soluble MDA in the supernatant of the placental culture given low dose curcumin (0.01 mM) was 12.01 ± 4.55 nmol/mL, while the concentration in the homogenate was 5.18 ± 3.07-nmol/mg proteins. The concentration of MDA in the supernatant and homogenate of placental culture given high dose of curcumin (0.1 mM) was 10.19± 3.91 nmol/mL and 4.30 ± 2.40 nmollmg protein. These concentrations were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). The concentration of GSH in the supernatant and homogenate in low dose curcumin supplementation were 11.40 ± 2.51 µglml and 5.99 ± 3.68-pg/mg proteins, respectively. In the high dose curcumin supplementation group, the soluble and homogenate GSH concentrations were 11.84± 2.39 µg/mL and 6.20 ± 3.64-pg/mg protein. These results were significantly higher than the results of the control group (p < 0.05), but in the homogenate of group given low dose curcumin supplementation the increase were not significant. CONCLUSION: Low dose and high dose curcumin supplementation decreased MDA levels and increased GSH levels significantly in the supernatant of placental tissue culture in preeclampsia.

Abstrak :
Kasus multidrug-resistant tuberkulosis (MDR-TB) paru di Indonesia semakin meningkat dan berdasarkan WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2018, Indonesia merupakan satu dari 20 negara yang memiliki kasus MDR-TB terbanyak di dunia dengan tingkat keberhasilan terapi 47%. Beberapa penelitian didapatkan bahwa pada pasien TB paru terjadi peningkatan kadar malondialdehida (MDA) dan radikal bebas lainnya, selain itu juga terdapat penurunan kadar antioksidan di dalam tubuh, salah satunya adalah vitamin E. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan vitamin E serum dengan kualitas hidup yang dimediasi oleh MDA pada penyandang MDR-TB paru. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 91 penyandang MDR-TB yang masih dalam terapi fase intensive dengan usia di antara18-59 tahun. Dalam penelitian ini akan dinilai kadar vitamin E dan MDA dalam serum, serta kualitas hidup dengan menggunakan kuesioner short form-36 (SF-36). Data didapatkan dari wawancara, rekam medis, pengukuran antropometri, penilaian asupan makanan (food recall 1x24jam dan FFQ semikuantitatif), dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Analisis variabel mediasi menggunakan metode kausal step menurut Baron dan Kenny. Hasil dari penelitian ini tidak didapatkan korelasi antara kadar vitamin E dengan total skor kualitas hidup, physicall component summary (PCS), dan mental component summary (MCS). Selain itu juga MDA bukan merupakan variabel mediasi antara kadar vitamin E dengan kualitas hidup pada penyandang MDR-TB paru. Hasil lain yang didapat dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat korelasi positif rendah signifikan antara asupan vitamin E dengan total skor kualitas hidup. Serta terdapat korelasi negatif rendah signifikan antara kadar MDA dengan total skor kualitas hidup, PCS, dan MCS. ......Pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Indonesia has increased and WHO Global Tuberculosis Report data in 2018 showed that Indonesia is one of 20 countries with the most common cases of MDR-TB in the world with 47% therapeutic success rate. Several studies conducted in pulmonary TB patients showed an increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and other free radicals and a decrease in the level of antioxidants in the body, including vitamin E. The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation of serum Vitamin E with quality of life mediated by MDA in pulmonary MDR-TB. This study involved ninety-one MDR-TB patients that were still in the intensive phase treatment process with age ranged from 18 to 59 years old. In this study, we examined the levels of serum vitamin E and MDA, and also quality of life using short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Data were collected from interviews, medical records, anthropometric measurements, dietary assessments (24-hours food recall and semi-quantitative FFQ), and laboratory tests. The mediation variable analysis was tested using the causal step method according to Baron and Kenny. The results of this study didn't find a correlation between vitamin E levels with total quality of life scores, physicall component summary (PCS), and mental component summary (MCS). It was also found that MDA wasn't a mediation variable between vitamin E levels and quality of life in pulmonary MDR-TB patients. Another result obtained from this study was that there were a significant low positive correlation between vitamin E intake and total quality of life scores. There were also a significant low negative correlation between MDA levels and total quality of life scores, PCS and MCS.