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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Background: there are differences in factors associated with frailty syndrome in elderly population. The aim of this research was to determine frailty status (fit, pre-frail and frail) and to identify factors associated with physical frailty in urban community-dwelling elderly women. Methods: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling women aged 60 years and older was conducted in West and Central Jakarta regions, Indonesia, from July until September 2017. The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) score was used to determine frailty status (fit/pre-frail/frail). Chi-Square Test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine association between independent variables and physical frailty. Results: there were 325 female subjects with a median age of 67 (60-94) years; 95,7% had income below the Provincial Minimum Income of DKI Jakarta in 2017 (<3,3 million IDR=238 USD/month), and 92.6% had a level of education ≤9 years. Subjects were classified into this following groups: fit (12,6%), pre-frail (63,4%) and frail (24%). Factors associated with physical frailty were age above 70 years old with OR 5,27, lower Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (B-ADL) with OR 2,85, depressive symptoms with OR 6,79, and Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index with OR 1,96. Conclusion: elderly women in the urban community with low socioeconomic status were classified as fit (12,6%), pre-frail (63,4%) and frail (24%). Factors associated with physical frailty were age above 70 years old, depressive symptoms, lower functional status and health-related quality of life index.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas program cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada remaja dari keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja perempuan usia 11 tahun yang memiliki self-esteem rendah. Self-esteem diukur dengan menggunakan skala Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) dari Harter (2012). Penelitian ini merupakan single subject design tipe AB yang terdiri atas 12 sesi terhadap subjek dan 2 sesi terhadap orangtua. Berdasarkan pengukuran yang dilakukan melalui SPPC dan kemajuan subjek yang memenuhi indikator pada setiap pertemuan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa CBT efektif untuk meningkatkan self-esteem pada remaja dari keluarga dengan status sosial ekonomi rendah pada seluruh domain, baik global self-esteem maupun specific self-esteem. ......This study conducted to understand the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in increasing self-esteem on adolescent with low socioeconomic status. The participant of the study is a 11 year old adolescent who has low selfesteem. Self-esteem was assessed by the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) from Harter (2012), one of the most used measures of global and specific self-esteem. This study was a single subject design type AB that consist of 12 child sessions and 2 parents sessions. Based on the measurement that has been done using SPPC and progress indicators that meet the subject at each meeting, it can be concluded that the CBT effectively increase global and specific self-esteem on adolescent with low socioeconomic status.

Abstrak :
Keluarga yang berasal dari status sosial ekonomi menengah ke bawah cenderung kurang memiliki pemahaman pengasuhan yang positif sehingga berisiko menghambat pencapaian perkembangan anak, khususnya pada periode kritis usia anak 3-5 tahun. Diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman pengasuhan positif, salah satunya dengan psikoedukasi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas psikoedukasi sebagai metode intervensi dalam meningkatkan pemahaman pengasuhan positif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah one group pretest-posttest design. Subjek penelitian adalah 14 orang ibu berlatar belakang sosial ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Psikoedukasi dilakukan selama tiga sesi secara daring. Pengukuran pemahaman mengenai pengasuhan positif dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali, yakni sebelum psikoedukasi, segera setelah psikoedukasi selesai dan 10 hari setelah intervensi. Analisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan skor yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah psikoedukasi diberikan (p < 0,05). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pemahaman mengenai pengasuhan positif yang dimiliki oleh ibu setelah mengikuti psikoedukasi. Sementara itu, terdapat penurunan pemahaman ibu setelah 10 hari dilakukan intervensi. Penelitian ini terbatas hanya pada ranah kognitif saja, disarankan agar dapat ditingkatkan ke ranah afektif hingga psikomotor. ......Families in middle-to-low socioeconomic status tend to have less comprehension about positive parenting, which may hinder child optimal development, especially in critical age i.e. 3 to 5 year old. Psychoeducation is one of interventions which is needed to improve comprehension of positive parenting to children. This study aims to find the effectiveness of psychoeducation in improving comprehension of positive parenting. This study design is one group pretest-posttest design. Subjects of this study are 14 mothers with middle-to-low socioeconomic status background. The psychoeducation was held for three sessions through video conference. The data were collected 3 times, before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 2 weeks after the intervention. Data analysis using Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test shows significant score difference between before and after psychoeducation was provided (p < 0,05). This indicates increasing score of positive parenting related understanding in mothers after attending the psychoeducation. However, there was derivation score of mothers' comprehension in 10 days after the intervention. This study limited to cognitive area, next can be elevated into affective or psychomotor area.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parentification dengan codependency pada remaja berstatus sosial ekonomi rendah. Parentification didefinisikan sebagai gangguan dalam menentukan batas antar generasi, yang ditandai dengan adanya pertukaran peran fungsional dan/atau emosional antara orang tua dan anak (Hooper, 2007). Sedangkan codependency didefinisikan sebagai keinginan yang berlebihan akan penerimaan dari orang lain, disertai dengan kecenderungan untuk mengutamakan kebutuhan orang lain dibandingkan kebutuhan diri sendiri (Dear, 2002). Penelitian ini merupakan studi korelasional dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan 177 orang sebagai partisipan yang berada pada tahap perkembangan remaja (12-19 tahun), yang terdaftar dalam Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat di wilayah Jakarta. Partisipan perempuan sebanyak 76 orang dan partisipan laki-laki sebanyak 101 orang. Variabel parentification diukur dengan menggunakan Parentification Inventory (Hooper 2009), dan variabel codependency diukur dengan menggunakan Composite Codependency Scale (Dear et al., 2012). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara parentification dengan codependency pada remaja berstatus sosial ekonomi rendah, dengan r=.453, p<0.01. Hal tersebut menandakan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat parentification, maka semakin tinggi pula codependency.

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The purpose of this work is to find a relationship between parentification and codependency in adolescents with low socioeconomic status. Parentification is defined as a disturbance in boundary settings, indicated by a reversal of instrumental and/or emotional roles between parents and children (Hooper, 2007), whereas codependency is defined as an extreme desire of acceptance from others, often indicated by putting others’ needs ahead of their own (Dear, 2002). This is a correlational research using a quantitative approach. A total of 177 participants were involved in this study, all are still in adolescence developmental stage (12-19 years old) and registered to Community Learning Centers in Jakarta area. There were 76 females and 101 males as participants. Parentification was measured by Parentification Inventory (Hooper, 2009), and codependency was measured by Composite Codependency Scale (Dear et al., 2012). Results showed that a significant positive relationship occurred between parentification and codependency in adolescents with low socioeconomic status (r=.453; p<0.01). The findings indicated that an increase in parentification tends to associate with an increase in codependency.

Abstrak :
Penelitian eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana efektivitas pemberian media pembelajaran terhadap perilaku prososial yaitu perilaku yang dilakukan untuk memberikan keuntungan kepada orang lain, dengan menerapkan proses belajar social learning theory. Penelitian diberikan kepada tiga kelompok berbeda, dengan melibatkan 51 partisipan yang berusia 9 hingga 11 tahun dengan latar belakang status ekonomi sosial yang rendah. Tiga kelompok perlakuan, yaitu 1 kelompok tayangan media audiovisual , 2 kelompok buku media visual , serta 3 kelompok kontrol. Perubahan perilaku prososial diukur dua kali pre-test,post-test menggunakan alat ukur Skala Perilaku Prososial. Dengan menggunakan teknik ANOVA dalam membandingkan skor rata-rata, didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok yang diberikan media audiovisual, kelompok yang diberikan media visual dan kelompok kontrol F = 0.492, p >0.05, p = 0.614. ......This experimental study aimed to recognize the effectiveness of giving media on prosocial behavior, an act that benefit other people, by applying social learning theory. This study were given to three different groups that involved fifty one participants from nine to eleven years old with low socioeconomic status. The three treatment groups are 1 shows group audiovisual media , 2 book group visual media , and 3 control group. The change of prosocial behavior was measured twice pre test,posttest with ldquo Skala Perilaku Prososial instrument. With ANOVA in comparing the mean score, the result showed that there was no difference significantly affect prosocial behavior between watching shows group audiovisual media, reading books group and control group F 0.492, p 0.05, p 0.614.