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Abstrak :
Diabetes melitus DM merupakan penyakit metabolisme yang disebabkan peningkatan kadar glukosa darah di atas nilai normal hiperglikemia. Daun lidah mertua Sansevieria trifasciata merupakan tanaman hias yang diduga berpotensi menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita DM karena mengandung zat hipoglikemik, seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, dan terpenoid. Ekstrak daun lidah mertua dari berbagai jenis pelarut dapat dilihat aktivitas antidiabetesnya melalui uji penghambatan enzim a-glukosidase secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui yield ekstrak kasar daun lidah mertua yang diekstrak dengan metode sonikasi dengan pelarut yang berbeda, yaitu akuades, etanol 70, dan etil asetat 70 mengetahui persen penghambatan dan nilai konsentrasi inhibisi IC50 ekstrak yang memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes sebagai inhibitor a-glukosidase tertinggi dan mengetahui kandungan senyawa hipoglikemik pada ekstrak dengan persentase inhibisi tertinggi. Dari ketiga jenis pelarut tersebut, diketahui ekstrak etanol 70 memiliki persen penghambatan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 90,716 dengan IC50 4708,713 ppm diikuti oleh ekstrak etil asetat 70 dan akuades dengan persen penghambatan serta IC50 masing-masing 73,167 dan 15161,723 ppm; 7,845 dan IC50 di konsentrasi >50000 ppm tidak terdeteksi. Senyawa hipoglikemik yang diperoleh dari ekstrak etanol 70 diantaranya adalah; steroid kampesterol dengan konsentrasi 17,46, alkaloid piridin dengan konsentrasi 5,51, terpenoid fitol dan sikloeukalenol dengan konsentrasi 1,87 dan 1,13, tokoferol vitamin E dengan konsentrasi 1,03, dan flavonoid isoflavon dengan konsentrasi 0,54. Konsentrasi senyawa yang relatif kecil mempengaruhi kinerjanya dalam menghambat enzim a-glukosidase, sehingga nilai IC50 yang diperoleh terlalu besar dan ekstrak tidak aktif karena nilai IC50 aktif pada konsentrasi < 100 ppm. ......Diabetes mellitus DM is a metabolic disease caused by elevated blood glucose levels above normal values hyperglycemia. Mother in laws tongue leaves Sansevieria trifasciata is an ornamental plant that allegedly has the potential to lower blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus DM because it contains hypoglycemic compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. Mother in laws tongue leaves extract from various types of solvent can detect anti diabetic activity through in vitro inhibition test of glucosidase enzyme. Objective of this research is to obtain the yield of rough extract of the mother in laws tongue leaves extracted by the method of sonication with different solvent, i.e. aquades, 70 ethanol, and 70 ethyl acetate obtain the inhibition percentage and inhibition concentration IC50 from extract which has anti diabetic activity as the highest glucosidase inhibitor and obtain the content of hypoglycemic compounds in extracts that have the highest percentage of inhibition. From all of solvents, its known that 70 ethanol extract has the highest inhibition percentage of 90.716 with IC50 4708,713 ppm followed by 70 ethyl acetate extract and aquades with inhibition percentage and IC50 respectively 73.167 and 15161,723 ppm 7,845 and IC50 undetectable. Hypoglycemic compounds obtained from 70 ethanol extract are steroids campesterol with concentration of 17,46, alkaloids pyridine with concentration 5,51 , terpenoids phytol and cycloeucalenol with concentration 1,87 and 1,13, tocopherol vitamin E with concentration 1,03, and flavonoids isoflavones with concentration 0,54. The relatively small concentrations of compounds affect their performance in inhibiting the enzyme glucosidase, so the IC50 values obtained are too large and the extract is inactive because IC50 values are active at concentrations

Abstrak :
[Tujuan. Tujuan pertama yaitu mengetahui kemudahan pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) dengan teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah. Tujuan kedua yaitu mengetahui perbandingan kemudahan pemasangan LMA antara teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku. Latar Belakang. Laryngeal Mask Airway merupakan alat bantu jalan nafas untuk mengatasi kesulitan jalan nafas. Teknik terbaru pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway berdasarkan penelitian Roodneshin dkk yang dipublikasikan pada Tanaffos 2011 yaitu teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah memberikan angka keberhasilan pemasangan 100%(tingkat keberhasilan paling tinggi pada penelitian LMA). Pemasangan LMA diharapkan mulus dan berhasil dalam pemasangan pertama tanpa menimbulkan trauma tetapi dalam prakteknya, pemasangan LMA bisa lebih dari satu kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di RSUPN-Cipto Mangunkusumo sebagai penelitian perbandingan pertama dari penelitian Roodneshin dkk dengan beberapa penyesuaian. Metode. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 80 pasien dewasa yang menjalani operasi elektif dengan anestesia umum menggunakan Laryngeal Mask Airway. Secara random, 40 pasien mengalami pemasangan LMA dengan teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan 40 pasien mengalami pemasangan LMA dengan teknik baku. Upaya pemasangan dan kemudahan pemasangan LMA dicatat dan dinilai. Pemasangan mudah bila kurang atau sama dengan 2 kali pemasangan LMA. Komplikasi pemasangan LMA berupa noda darah, nyeri menelan dan nyeri tenggorokan dicatat dan dinilai. Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square dan Fisher Exact. Batas kemaknaan yang digunakan untuk semua uji adalah p<0,05. Hasil. Perbandingan proporsi keberhasilan upaya pemasangan pertama kali antara kelompok teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku adalah 87,5% dibandingkan 65%. Perbandingan proporsi keberhasilan upaya pemasangan maksimal dua kali antara kelompok teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku adalah 100% dibandingkan 97,5%. Secara statistik, perbandingan upaya pemasangan, kemudahan, komplikasi nyeri menelan, komplikasi nyeri tenggorokan antara teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dan teknik baku, tidak berbeda bermakna.Kesimpulan. Pemasangan Laryngeal Mask Airway dengan teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah tidak lebih mudah dibandingkan teknik baku(100% dibandingkan 97,5%). Kekerapan komplikasi yang berbeda bermakna berupa noda darah (0% pada teknik baku disertai penekanan lidah dibandingkan 6,2% pada teknik baku). ......Purpose, The objective of this study is to know easiness of inserting Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) with the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique. Secondly, the study is to compare the success rate between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique. Background, Laryngeal Mask Airway is a device to overcome the difficulty of the airway management. Novel technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion based on Roodneshin et aI research, publicised in Tanaffos 2011 was the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique resulted in 100% succes rate of insertion(highest success rate based on LMA research or study). LMA insertion is expected to be smooth and successful in the first attempt without inflicting trauma but in daily practice, insertion LMA can be more than once. This research is done at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hosptal, as the first comparison of research Roodneshin et al with some adjustments. Methods, The study was done at 80 adult patients who underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia. A total of 80 adult patients was scheduled for elective operation with general anesthesia using Laryngeal Mask Airway. In random, 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached technique. The effort and success rate of LMA insertion was noted and evaluated. The easiness is if the insertion is attempted maximally twice. Complications of LMA insertion such as blood stains, sore throat, dysphagia was noted and evaluated. Statistical analysis conducted by test Chi-square and Fischer Exact. P<0,05 was considered significant. Result, Comparison proportion first attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 87,5% compared with 65%. The proportion maximally twice attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 100% compared with 97,5%. Statistically, comparison attempt, success rate, dysphagia, sore throat between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique, not significantly different Conclusion, Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique no more easy compared with classic approached technique(100% compared with 97,5%). Complication which statistically significant different was blood stains(0% with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique compared with 6,2% classic approached technique). ......Purpose, The objective of this study is to know easiness of inserting Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) with the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique. Secondly, the study is to compare the success rate between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique. Background, Laryngeal Mask Airway is a device to overcome the difficulty of the airway management. Novel technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion based on Roodneshin et aI research, publicised in Tanaffos 2011 was the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique resulted in 100% succes rate of insertion(highest success rate based on LMA research or study). LMA insertion is expected to be smooth and successful in the first attempt without inflicting trauma but in daily practice, insertion LMA can be more than once. This research is done at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hosptal, as the first comparison of research Roodneshin et al with some adjustments. Methods, The study was done at 80 adult patients who underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia. A total of 80 adult patients was scheduled for elective operation with general anesthesia using Laryngeal Mask Airway. In random, 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached technique. The effort and success rate of LMA insertion was noted and evaluated. The easiness is if the insertion is attempted maximally twice. Complications of LMA insertion such as blood stains, sore throat, dysphagia was noted and evaluated. Statistical analysis conducted by test Chi-square and Fischer Exact. P<0,05 was considered significant. Result, Comparison proportion first attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 87,5% compared with 65%. The proportion maximally twice attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 100% compared with 97,5%. Statistically, comparison attempt, success rate, dysphagia, sore throat between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique, not significantly different Conclusion, Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique no more easy compared with classic approached technique(100% compared with 97,5%). Complication which statistically significant different was blood stains(0% with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique compared with 6,2% classic approached technique)., Purpose, The objective of this study is to know easiness of inserting Laryngeal Mask Airway(LMA) with the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique. Secondly, the study is to compare the success rate between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique. Background, Laryngeal Mask Airway is a device to overcome the difficulty of the airway management. Novel technique of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion based on Roodneshin et aI research, publicised in Tanaffos 2011 was the classic approached combined with tongue supression technique resulted in 100% succes rate of insertion(highest success rate based on LMA research or study). LMA insertion is expected to be smooth and successful in the first attempt without inflicting trauma but in daily practice, insertion LMA can be more than once. This research is done at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hosptal, as the first comparison of research Roodneshin et al with some adjustments. Methods, The study was done at 80 adult patients who underwent elective surgery with general anesthesia. A total of 80 adult patients was scheduled for elective operation with general anesthesia using Laryngeal Mask Airway. In random, 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and 40 patients undergoing LMA insertion with classic approached technique. The effort and success rate of LMA insertion was noted and evaluated. The easiness is if the insertion is attempted maximally twice. Complications of LMA insertion such as blood stains, sore throat, dysphagia was noted and evaluated. Statistical analysis conducted by test Chi-square and Fischer Exact. P<0,05 was considered significant. Result, Comparison proportion first attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 87,5% compared with 65%. The proportion maximally twice attempt of Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique was 100% compared with 97,5%. Statistically, comparison attempt, success rate, dysphagia, sore throat between classic approached combined with tongue supression technique and classic approached technique, not significantly different Conclusion, Laryngeal Mask Airway insertion with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique no more easy compared with classic approached technique(100% compared with 97,5%). Complication which statistically significant different was blood stains(0% with classic approached combined with tongue supression technique compared with 6,2% classic approached technique).]

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronis (PGK) menjadi salah satu penyakit yang menjadi perhatian di berbagai negara karena jumlah penderita yang meningkat setiap tahun. Menurut data RISKESDAS, prevalensi pasien PGK di Indonesia sebesar 0,2% pada tahun 2013 dan bertambah menjadi 3,8% pada tahun 2018. Sebagian besar pasien PGK mengalami gejala atau perubahan pada rongga mulut, salah satunya pada lidah. Perubahan kondisi rongga mulut berdampak secara signifikan pada kualitas hidup pasien. Kesadaran dan pengetahuan mengenai temuan klinis rongga mulut pasien PGK sangat penting sebagai edukasi bagi tenaga kesehatan dan pasien. Serta masih sedikit adanya penelitian terkait gambaran lidah pada pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Angkatan Udara (RSAU) dr. Esnawan Antariksa melatarbelakangi penelitian ini. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil gambaran klinis lidah berupa distribusi dan frekuensi atrofi papila, ukuran lidah, coated tongue, dan fissured tongue pada pasien PGK yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis di RSAU dr. Esnawan Antariksa. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif dengan data yang didapatkan dari hasil pemeriksaan rongga mulut dan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien PGK yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis Hasil: Dari 108 pasien PGK, terdapat 19 orang (17,9%) mengalami atrofi papila, 106 pasien (100%) adanya coated tongue, 85 pasien (80,2%) adanya fissured tongue. Pasien paling banyak ditemukan memiliki ukuran lidah dengan kategori 1 berdasarkan klasifikasi House (76,4%), memiliki perluasan coated tongue berdasarkan indeks Winkel sebesar 12 (22,6%), memiliki coated tongue berwarna putih (93,4%), dan memiliki jumlah fissured tongue dengan kategori ringan (31,1%). Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah dan perubahan pada rongga mulut dapat ditemukan pada pasien PGK yang sedang menjalani hemodialisis di RSAU dr. Esnawan Antariksa. ......Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease of concern in various countries because the number of cases increases every year. According to RISKESDAS data, the prevalence of CKD patients in Indonesia was 0.2% in 2013 and increased to 3.8% in 2018. Most of CKD patients have symptoms or clinical features in the oral cavity, one of which is the tongue. Changes in the condition of the oral cavity have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Awareness and knowledge regarding the clinical findings of the oral cavity of CKD patients is important to be educated for health workers and patients. There has not been any research related to the tongue features in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Air Force Hospital (RSAU) dr. Esnawan Antariksa. Objective: This study aims to determine the clinical features of the tongue in the form of distribution and frequency of papillary atrophy, tongue size, coated tongue, and fissured tongue in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at RSAU dr. Esnawan Antariksa. Methods: Descriptive study is done by examining the patient’s oral cavity and using the secondary data found in patient’s medical record. Results: From 108 CKD patients, 19 patients (17.9%) had papillary atrophy, 106 patients (100%) had coated tongue, 85 patients (80.2%) had fissured tongue. Most patients were found to have a tongue size with category 1 based on House classification (76.4%), had an extended coated tongue based on the Winkel index of 12 (22.6%), had a white coated tongue (93.4%), and had the number of fissured tongue in the mild category (31.1%). Conclusion: This study reveals that problems and changes in the oral cavity could be found in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at RSAU dr. Esnawan Antariksa.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Belum terdapat model ulser traumatik standar pada mukosa lidah hewan coba. Tujuan: Mendapatkan model standar ulser secara in vivo pada Mus musculus. Metode: Lima ekor Mus musculus diberikan perlakuan berupa pemaparan asam asetat 70% menggunakan microbrush tanpa tekanan selama 60 detik. Pada kelompok kontrol diberikan pemaparan saline sebagai kontrol negatif. Pada 1 ekor Mus musculus lainnya menjadi kontrol terapi positif yang diberi triamcinolone acetonide 0,1% pada permukaan lesi. Setelah dilakukan pemaparan asam asetat, hewan coba dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis pada hari 2, 3 dan 7. Secara makroskopis yang diobservasi adalah berat badan, tanda radang, dan diameter lesi. Sedangkan secara mikroskopis, yang diobservasi adalah ada atau tidaknya disintegrasi epitel, vasodilatasi kapiler, dan sebukan sel radang. Hasil: Pada daerah paparan asam asetat tidak terbentuk ulser tetapi hanya terbentuk lesi erosi pada mukosa lateral lidah, yang mulai terbentuk pada hari kedua. Ukuran lesi mencapai ukuran terbesar pada hari ketiga, terbentuk lesi ekskoriasi. Lesi tersebut pulih pada hari ketujuh. Berat badan Mus musculus menurun pada saat terbentuknya lesi dan kembali normal pada saat pulih. Kesimpulan: Induksi dengan asam asetat 70%, tidak dapat membentuk ulser, namun dapat membentuk lesi ekskoriasi pada hari ketiga dengan waktu pulih pada hari ketujuh. ...... Backgrounds: There has not been a standard model for an ulcer on Mus musculus lateral tongue mucosa. Objectives: To make a standard model in vivo on Mus musculus. Methods: Five of Mus musculus were given exposure of 70% acetic acid with the microbrush without any pressure for 60 seconds. In the control group saline exposure was given as a negative control. The other one Mus musculus became a positive therapy control treated by giving triamcinolone acetonide 0,1% on its lesion surface. After exposured of 70% acetic acid, the animals were evaluated macroscopically and microscopically on days 2nd, 3rd and 7th. The macroscopic observations were body weight, inflammatory markers, and lesion diameter. While microscopic observations were the presence or absence of epithelial disintegration, capillary vasodilation, and inflammatory cells. Results: In the area that exposured to acetic acid, no ulcers are formed but lesions form on the lateral mucosa of the tongue, lesion began to form on the second day. It reached the largest size on the third day, formed an excoriation lesion. The lesion recovered on the seventh day. Mus musculus weight decreases at the time of lesion formation and returns to normal at the time of recovery. Conclusion: Induction with acetic acid 70% in this study, could not lead to ulcer formation, but resulted the excoriation lesions with recovered time on the seventh day.

Abstrak :
Karya ilmiah akhir ini merupakan praktik klinik lanjut keperawatan medikal bedah pada kasus keganasan yang terdiri dari pengelolaan kasus utama Leukimia Myeloid Akut dan 30 resume menggunakan pendekatan Model Konservasi Levine, penerapan Evidence Based Nursing EBN penggunaan larutan lidah buaya pada pasien leukemia dan limfoma yang menderita stomatitis akibat kemoterapi serta inovasi keperawatan modifikasi pengkajian Malignant Wound Assessment Tool MWAT . Masalah keperawatan terbanyak yang muncul pada konservasi energi adalah nyeri, konservasi integritas struktural adalah resiko tinggi infeksi, konservasi integritas personal adalah cemas dan konservasi integritas sosial adalah hambatan interaksi sosial. Penggunaan larutan lidah buaya mampu menurunkan stomatitis dan nyeri stomatitis pada pasien leukemia yang mendapatkan kemoterapi. Modifikasi pengkajian MWAT dan asuhan keperawatan pada pasien luka kanker diharapkan mampu meningkatkan asuhan keperawatan yang berkualitas.

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This Scientific report was an advanced medical surgical nursing clinical practice of malignancies cases consist one major case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and 30 summaries using Levine rsquo s Conservation Model, the application of Evidence Based Nursing EBN applying aloe vera solution in patients with leukemia and lymphoma chemotherapy induced mucositis and nursing innovation Malignant Wound Assessment Tool MWAT assessment modification. The majority of nursing problems that arise on energy conservation was pain, in structural integrity conservation was high risk of infection, in personal integrity conservation was anxiety and social integrity conservation was a social interaction impaired. Aloe vera solution was able to reduce mucositis and pain in patients with leukemia that received chemotherapy. MWAT assessment modifications and nursing care in patients with wound cancer might increase the quality of nursing care.

Abstrak :
Tumor lidah merupakan pertumbuhan sel kanker rongga mulut yang menjangkit pada jaringan lidah yang ditandai sehingga merusak fungsi lidah. Tanda gejala kanker lidah ditunjukkan dengan status kesehatan oral yang memburuk dimana timbul benjolan di lidah, sariawan yang disertai dengan sakit tenggorokan kronik, kehilangan fungsi menelan, serta muncul bercak warna merah atau putih pada lidah. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan mandiri berbasis bukti dalam meningkatakn status kesehatan oral pada pasien kanker lidah yaitu melakukan kebersihan mulut dengan kumur larutan teh hijau. Teh hijau berasal dari tanaman Camellia sinensis yang diketahui mengandung polifenol & katekin yang memiliki sifat antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antitumor, dan antimikroba untuk mengendalikan kerusakan mulut, periodontitis kronis, karies gigi, dan kanker mulut. Berkumur dengan secara rutin dengan teh hijau telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan serta mempertahankan status kesehatan mulut pada pasien kanker rongga mulut. ......Tongue tumors are the growth of oral cancer cells that infect the tongue tissue, thereby damaging the function of the tongue. Symptoms of tongue cancer are indicated by worsening oral health status where lumps appear on the tongue, mucositis accompanied by chronic sore throat, dysphagia, and red or white spots appearing on the tongue. Nurisng intervention based on evidance to improve oral health status in tongue cancer patients is carrying out oral hygiene by gargling with green tea solution. Green tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant which is known to contain polyphenols & catechins which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial to control oral decay, chronic periodontitis, dental caries and oral cancer. Routine gargling with green tea has been proven to improve and maintain oral health status in oral cancer patients.